The impact of wheat stubble on evaporation from a sandy soil

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 730 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Ward ◽  
K. Whisson ◽  
S. F. Micin ◽  
D. Zeelenberg ◽  
S. P. Milroy
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Soil Water Storage ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Adjacent Area ◽  
Stubble Retention ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Wheat Stubble ◽  
The Impact

In Mediterranean-type climates, dryland soil water storage and evaporation during the hot and dry summer are poorly understood, particularly for sandy-textured soils. Continued evaporation during summer, and any effects of crop stubble management, could have a significant impact on annual components of the water balance and crop yield. In this research, the effect of wheat stubble management on summer evaporation and soil water storage was investigated for a sandy soil in south-western Australia, during the summers of 2005–06 and 2006–07. Treatments comprised: retained standing stubble; retained flattened stubble; removed stubble; and removed stubble followed by burying the crowns with topsoil from an adjacent area. Under ‘dry’ conditions, evaporation continued at ~0.2 mm/day. In contrast to previous results for finer textured soil types, stubble retention did not decrease the rate of evaporation, but marginally (10–30%) increased evaporation on 7 out of 14 days when measurements were taken. Significant differences due to stubble management were observed in two successive summers, but only for relatively dry soil conditions. There were no significant differences observed for several days after irrigation or rainfall. Under dry conditions in the absence of rainfall, total decrease in water storage during a 90-day summer period could be ~20 mm, but differences attributable to stubble management are likely to be a few mm.

scholarly journals Soil-Water Storage Predictions for Cultivated Crops on the Záhorská Lowlands

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-40
Author(s):  
Miroslava Jarabicová ◽  
Peter Minarič
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Soil Water Storage ◽  
Reference Period ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Upper Boundary

Abstract The main objective of this paper is to evaluate the impact of climate change on the soil-water regime of the Záhorská lowlands. The consequences of climate change on soil-water storage were analyzed for two crops: spring barley and maize. We analyzed the consequences of climate change on soil-water storage for two crops: spring barley and maize. The soil-water storage was simulated with the GLOBAL mathematical model. The data entered into the model as upper boundary conditions were established by the SRES A2 and SRES B1 climate scenarios and the KNMI regional climate model for the years from 2071 to 2100 (in the text called the time horizon 2085 which is in the middle this period). For the reference period the data from the years 1961-1990 was used. The results of this paper predict soil-water storage until the end of this century for the crops evaluated, as well as a comparison of the soil-water storage predictions with the course of the soil-water storage during the reference period.

scholarly journals Spatial variability and temporal stability of water storage in a cultivated tropical soil

Bragantia ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 69 (suppl) ◽  
pp. 153-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Carlos Andrade Gonçalves ◽  
Marcos Antonio Trintinalha ◽  
Marcos Vinicius Folegatti ◽  
Roberto Rezende ◽  
Cássio Antonio Tormena
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Soil Water Storage ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Content Uniformity ◽  
Water Application

Irrigated agricultural fields usually show variable crop water demand. If water application is done to match this spatially variable demand, the water use efficiency can be substantially improved. Soil water management by irrigation has been one of the most important factors to increase crop yield. To look for the economic viability of the process, the use of several inputs, particularly water, should be done with high efficiency levels. Historically, irrigation uniformity has been evaluated above the soil surface, in which applied water was the only factor to be taken into account. However, the crop will respond to soil water content uniformity, which can differ from the uniformity of water application. To evaluate temporal stability of spatial pattern of soil water storage (SWS), this work was done on a Brazilian clayed soil. Volumetric water content from soil surface to 0,30m depth, was measured by TDR in 80 points regularly spaced (3 x 3 m) on an experimental area cultivated with bean crop, irrigated by conventional sprinkling. The evaluations were done immediately before and after a water application by irrigation. Experimental semivariograms made from values obtained in the field showed that SWS distribution was spatially structured and strongly stable in time, being regulated mainly by intrinsic factors of the soil. In addition, obtained results showed that water application uniformity did not influence the spatial distribution pattern of SWS in these soil conditions.

scholarly journals Water table effects on measured and simulated fluxes in weighing lysimeters for differently-textured soils

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Wegehenkel ◽  
Horst H. Gerke
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Soil Water Balance ◽  
Soil Water Storage ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Bottom Boundary ◽  
Soil Hydraulic

Abstract Weighing lysimeters can be used for studying the soil water balance and to analyse evapotranspiration (ET). However, not clear was the impact of the bottom boundary condition on lysimeter results and soil water movement. The objective was to analyse bottom boundary effects on the soil water balance. This analysis was carried out for lysimeters filled with fine- and coarse-textured soil monoliths by comparing simulated and measured data for lysimeters with a higher and a lower water table. The eight weighable lysimeters had a 1 m2 grass-covered surface and a depth of 1.5 m. The lysimeters contained four intact monoliths extracted from a sandy soil and four from a soil with a silty-clay texture. For two lysimeters of each soil, constant water tables were imposed at 135 cm and 210 cm depths. Evapotranspiration, change in soil water storage, and groundwater recharge were simulated for a 3-year period (1996 to 1998) using the Hydrus-1D software. Input data consisted of measured weather data and crop model-based simulated evaporation and transpiration. Snow cover and heat transport were simulated based on measured soil temperatures. Soil hydraulic parameter sets were estimated (i) from soil core data and (ii) based on texture data using ROSETTA pedotransfer approach. Simulated and measured outflow rates from the sandy soil matched for both parameter sets. For the sand lysimeters with the higher water table, only fast peak flow events observed on May 4, 1996 were not simulated adequately mainly because of differences between simulated and measured soil water storage caused by ET-induced soil water storage depletion. For the silty-clay soil, the simulations using the soil hydraulic parameters from retention data (i) were matching the lysimeter data except for the observed peak flows on May, 4, 1996, which here probably resulted from preferential flow. The higher water table at the lysimeter bottom resulted in higher drainage in comparison with the lysimeters with the lower water table. This increase was smaller for the finer-textured soil as compared to the coarser soil.

scholarly journals Two soil hydrology formulations of ORCHIDEE (version Trunk.rev1311) tested for the Amazon basin

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-129
Author(s):  
M. Guimberteau ◽  
P. Ciais ◽  
A. Ducharne ◽  
J. P. Boisier ◽  
S. Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Budget ◽  
River Discharge ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Soil Water Storage ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Diffusion Scheme ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. This study analyzes the impact of the two soil model parameterizations of the Land Surface Model ORCHIDEE on their estimates of Amazonian hydrology and phenology for five major sub-basins (Xingu, Tapajós, Madeira, Solimões and Negro), during the 29 yr period 1980–2008. The two soil models are a simple 2 layer soil scheme with a bucket topped by an evaporative layer vs. an 11 layer soil diffusion scheme. The soil models were coupled with a river routing module and a process model of plant physiology, phenology and carbon dynamics. The simulated water budget and vegetation functioning components were compared with several datasets at sub-basin scale. The use of the 11 layer soil diffusion scheme did not significantly change the Amazonian water budget simulation when compared to the 2 layer soil scheme (+3.1 and −3.0% in evapotranspiration and river discharge, respectively). However, the higher water holding capacity of the soil and the physically based representation of runoff and drainage in the 11 layer soil diffusion, resulted in higher dynamics of soil water storage variation and improved simulation of the total terrestrial water storage when compared to GRACE satellite estimates. The greater soil water storage within the 11 layer soil diffusion scheme resulted in increased dry-season evapotranspiration (+0.5 mm d−1, +17%) and river discharge in the southeastern sub-basins such as the Xingu. Evapotranspiration over this sub-basin was sustained during the whole dry season with the 11 layer soil diffusion model, whereas the 2 layer soil scheme limited it at the end of the dry season. Lower plant water stress simulated by the 11 layer soil diffusion scheme, led to better simulation of the seasonal cycle of photosynthesis (GPP) when compared to a GPP data-driven model based upon eddy-covariance and satellite greenness measurements. Simulated LAI was consequently higher with the 11LAY (up to +0.4) but exhibited too low a variation when compared to a satellite-based dataset. The dry-season length between 4 and 7 months over the entire Amazon basin was found to be critical in distinguishing differences in hydrological feedbacks between the soil and the vegetation cover simulated by the two soil models. Overall, the 11 layer soil diffusion scheme provided little improvement in simulated hydrology on average over the wet tropical Amazonian sub-basins but a more significant improvement over the drier sub-basins. However, the use of the 11 layer soil diffusion scheme might become critical for assessments of future hydrological changes, especially in southern regions of the Amazon basin where longer dry season and more severe droughts are expected in the next century.

scholarly journals Developments in Climate and Soil Water Storage in the Locality of Poiplie

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Mária Pásztorová
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Emission Scenario ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Soil Water Storage ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Alluvial Forests ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Climate change is one of the largest threats to the modern world. It is primarily experienced via changes and extreme weather events, including air temperature changes, the uneven distribution of precipitation and an increase in the alteration of torrential short-term precipitation and longer non-precipitation periods. However climate change is not only a change in the weather; it also has a much larger impact on an ecosystem. As a result of expected climate change, a lack of either surface water or groundwater could occur within wetlands; thus, the existence of wetlands and their flora and fauna could be threatened. This submitted work analyses the impact of climate change on the wetland ecosystems of Poiplie, which is situated in the south of Slovakia in the Ipeľ river basin. The area is an important wetland biotope with rare plant and animal species, which mainly live in open water areas, marshes, wet meadows and alluvial forests. To evaluate any climate change, the CGCM 3.1 model, two emission scenarios, the A2 emission scenario (pessimistic) and the B1 emission scenario (optimistic), were used within the regionalization. For simulating the soil water storage, which is one of the components of a soil water regime, the GLOBAL mathematical model was used.

The effect of improved pastures and grazing management on soil water storage on a basaltic plains site in south-west Victoria

2004 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 559 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Bird ◽  
T. T. Jackson ◽  
G. A. Kearney ◽  
G. R. Saul ◽  
R. A. Waller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Soil Water Storage ◽  
Deep Drainage ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Gravelly Soil ◽  
The Impact

Soil salinity of non-irrigated farmlands in Australia has been largely attributed to tree clearing and their replacement by annual pasture and crop species. This paper deals with the effects of sowing perennial ryegrass and greater inputs of fertiliser, and the effect of grazing management, on water use and the potential to improve recharge control on a gravelly soil derived from basalt.In 1991, neutron access tubes were inserted into plots on a project established in 1989 to examine the impact of upgrading the pasture on sheep productivity. These plots were subdivided in 1996 to examine the impact of grazing management (tactical v. set-stocking) and pasture type (pastures dominated by annual species v. upgraded pastures) on productivity. Neutron probe readings were taken periodically from tubes in each plot, at depth intervals of 25 cm (December 1991–March 1995) or 20 cm (August 1995–April 1999) to 170 cm. There was no effect of treatment on soil moisture. Data for 2 wet years (1995 and 1996) indicate that the effective soil-water storage capacity to 170 cm depth for these pastures was a mean of 125 mm of water. This represents the potential buffer before winter rainfall exceeds the water use by the pasture, fills the soil profile to capacity and then either runs off or allows deep drainage to occur.We did not achieve a significant reduction in soil-water storage, and therefore potential recharge of groundwater, by re-sowing the pasture with perennial ryegrass and applying more fertiliser, or by altering the grazing management to a form of rotational grazing. Compared with set-stocked annual pasture, the impact of such treatments was to reduce soil-water storage to a depth of 170 cm in autumn by less than 20 mm/year. There was no association between total herbage production and soil-water storage, however an increased percentage of perennial ryegrass in the pasture was associated with a small reduction in soil-water storage in 1 year. Greater use of soil-water may depend upon using deeper-rooted perennials or maintaining a higher proportion of perennial species in the sward (the perennial ryegrass in the re-sown pastures declined from 53% in October 1996 to 4% in October 1998).

Comparative study of the impact of two mechanical perforation densities on the behavior of a sandy soil

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-48
Author(s):  
S. Chehaibi ◽  
K. Abrougui ◽  
F. Haouala
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Cone Penetration ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Soil Water Infiltration ◽  
Good Improvement ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Resistance To Penetration

The effects of mechanical perforation densities by extracting soil cores through an aerator Vertidrain with a working width of 1.6 m and equipped with hollow tines spaced of 65 mm, were studied on a sandy soil of a grassy sward in the Golf Course El Kantaoui in Sousse (Tunisia). The mechanical aeration was performed at two densities: 250 and 350 holes/m2. The cone penetration resistance and soil water infiltration were measured. These parameters were performed at initial state before aeration (E0) and then on the 10th, 20th and 30th day after aeration. These results showed that perforation density of 350 holes/m2 had a positive effect on the soil by reducing its cone resistance to penetration compared to the initial state (Rp = 14.8 daN/cm2). At 5 cm depth the decrease in resistance to penetration was 34% and 43% on the 10th and 20th day after aeration, respectively. However, on the 30th day after aeration the soil resistance to penetration tended to grow and its value compared to the initial state decreased only by 21 and 26%, respectively, at 5 and 15 cm of depth only by 10% and 9% with 250 holes/m2 density. The soil water infiltration made a good improvement after aeration compared to the initial state. This parameter increased from 4.8 cm/h to 8.3, 10.9 and 13.1 cm/h with 250 holes/m2 density and to 10, 12.9 and 14.8 cm/h with 350 holes/m2 density on the 10th, 20th and 30th day following the aeration.

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