scholarly journals Exploration of Soil and Weather Factors on Mulberry Root Rot Incidence in the Western Zone of Tamil Nadu, India

2021 ◽  
pp. 18-29
Author(s):  
M. Saratha ◽  
K. Angappan ◽  
S. Karthikeyan ◽  
S. Marimuthu ◽  
K. Chozhan
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Weather Factors ◽  
Soil Borne Pathogens ◽  
Western Zone ◽  
Cent Disease

Aims: To record the occurrence of mulberry root rot disease, epidemiology, interaction of weather and soil parameters with the soil-borne pathogens in Western zone of Tamil Nadu during 2019-2020. Study Design: Survey. Place and Duration of Study: Surveyed in Coimbatore, Tiruppur, Erode, Dharmapuri and Krishnagiri districts of Tamil Nadu. Laboratory experiments were carried out at Department of Sericulture & Department of Plant Pathology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU), Coimbatore between July 2019 and Jan 2021. Methodology: Per cent disease incidence of root rot was recorded in all surveyed gardens. To analyze the soil and weather parameters, the composite soil samples were subjected to textural analysis and weather data were collected from TNAU Agro Climate Research Centre. To predict soil temperature for all surveyed locations, the model regression equations were derived. The correlation analysis was done between per cent disease incidence, weather and soil parameters. Results: The highest disease incidence was recorded in Nallampalli block of Dharmapuri district (54 per cent) whereas the lowest in Udumalaipettai block of Tiruppur district (0.06 per cent). The infected mulberry root samples yielded complex of soil-borne pathogens including Macrophomina phaseolina, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Fusarium sp., and pathogenicity was proved. The results revealed that root rot incidence was recorded in all types of cultivars, significantly in ruling variety V1 irrespective of its age, soil type, spacing, and irrigation method. Soil parameters like texture, temperature and moisture content were found to augment the disease. Per cent disease incidence had significantly positive correlation with the weather factors like air and soil temperature whereas negative correlation with relative humidity and rainfall. Conclusion: Synergism of abiotic stress factors hinders the mulberry plant health and increases its susceptibility to the soil-borne pathogens.

scholarly journals Associations among the communities of soil-borne pathogens, soil edaphic properties and disease incidence in the field pea root rot complex

2020 ◽  
Vol 457 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 339-354
Author(s):  
Kimberly Zitnick-Anderson ◽  
Luis E. del Río Mendoza ◽  
Shana Forster ◽  
Julie S. Pasche
Keyword(s):  
North Dakota ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Aphanomyces Euteiches ◽  
Soil Borne Pathogens ◽  
Edaphic Properties

Abstract Background and aims Field pea production is greatly impacted by multiple soil-borne fungal and oomycete pathogens in a complex. The objectives of this research were to 1) identify the soil-borne pathogens associated with field pea in North Dakota and; 2) develop prediction models incorporating the occurrence of the soil-borne pathogen communities, soil edaphic properties and disease incidence. Methods Soil and plants were sampled from 60 field pea fields in North Dakota during 2014 and 2015. Plants (1500 across two years) were rated for both root rot and soil-borne pathogens isolated from roots. Soils were analyzed for edaphic properties. Indicator species analysis was used to identify soil-borne pathogen communities. Logistic regression was used to determine associations and develop prediction models. Results Survey results from 2014 and 2015 indicated that the most prevalent soil-borne pathogens identified in field pea fields were Fusarium spp. and Aphanomyces euteiches. Five soil-borne pathogen communities were identified; three of which had statistically significant associations characterized by (1) Fusarium acuminatum, (3) A. euteiches, and (4) Fusarium sporotrichioides. The occurrence of the three communities were associated with clay content, soil pH, Fe2+, and K+. Disease incidence was associated with the presence of either community 1 or 3 and K+. Conclusions The results generated from this research will contribute to the development of management strategies by providing a soil-borne pathogen community prediction tool.

scholarly journals CULTURAL, MORPHOLOGICAL AND PATHOGENICITY CHARACTERS OF SCLEROTIUM ROLFSII CAUSING STEM ROT IN GROUNDNUT

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (no 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sutha Raja Kumar ◽  
R. Arulselvi A ◽  
Rex Immanuel R ◽  
John Chrsitopher D. ◽  
Jaiganesh V. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Cent Disease

The present studies were undertaken to investigate the cultural, morphological and pathogenicity characters of Sclerotium rolfsii. Maximum per cent disease incidence was recorded in Nadiyappattu followed by Sivapuri, Kammapuram, Killai, Kurinjipadi, Parangipettai, Chathiram and Puthuchathiram in the decreasing order of merit of Cuddalore district, Tamil Nadu. The native isolates of S. rolfsii were isolated from the respective locations and designated as (SR1 to SR9). All the isolated showed variations with respect to colony character, mycelial growth, no of sclerotia, colour of sclerotia, shape and arrangement of sclerotia. Among the nine isolates of S. rolfsii collected from different groundnut growing areas of Cuddalore district, the isolate (SR5) collected from Nadiyappattu was found to be more virulent and recorded the maximum incidence followed by SR8 collected from Sivapuri. Maximum susceptibility was recorded when the plants are about 45 days showing disease incidence of upto 79.86 per cent.

Screening of wild Solanum rootstock to manage dry root rot disease (Macrophomina phaseolina) in brinjal

1970 ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
J. Sherly, R. Renuka
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Solanum Species ◽  
Wild Solanum Species ◽  
Root Rot Disease ◽  
House Condition ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Cent Disease ◽  
Wild Solanum

Five wild Solanum species were screened against dry root rot disease in glass house condition with commonly cultivated brinjal as control. The disease was scored at different day’s interval on 30th, 45th and 60th days after planting (DAP). Among the wild species screened and evaluated the species S. torvum was observed without any disease incidence i.e (0). The least per cent of disease incidence was observed in S. incanum (38.60%) which was followed by S. xanthocarpum (42.80%), S. viarum (64.20%) and CO2 (78.50 %) susceptible check at 30 DAP. Secondary metabolites were analysed from both wild and control plants. Based on the per cent disease incidence values S. torvum was graded as ‘Resistant’ against M. phaseolina and can be recommended as a best rootstock for brinjal under varying climatic condition especially where the dry climate prevails.

Management of Dry Root Rot in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Caused By Macrophomina phaseolina by Utilizing Host Plant Resistance, Fungicides and Bioagents

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Manjunatha ◽  
M. Saifulla
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Host Plant Resistance ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Paper Technique ◽  
Blotter Paper ◽  
Cent Disease

Background: For the management of soil borne disease like dry root rot of chickpea caused by Macrophomina phaseolina, by using fungicides alone is not feasible due to environmental and health hazards. Hence integrated management of the disease by using resistant varieties, fungicides and bio-control agents is the best alternative. So the present study was aimed to identify resistant varieties, best fungicide and bioagent for management of dry root rot in chickpea. Methods: Two hundred and twelve genotypes were screened using blotter paper technique for identifying resistant genotypes for dry root rot. The experiment on management of dry root rot was conducted during Kharif and Rabi of 2013-14 using a susceptible chickpea variety JG-11 with 14 treatments including control with 3 replications. Result: Of two hundred and twelve chickpea genotypes screened for host plant resistance against Macrophomina phaseolina by blotter paper technique only one genotype ie. PBG-5 showed moderately resistant reaction. Among fourteen treatments including fungicides and bioagents imposed for the management of dry root rot, seed treatment with tebuconazole @ 2 g/kg recorded lowest per cent disease incidence of 9.43, with a highest yield of 722.81 kg/ha compared to untreated control which recorded the highest per cent disease incidence (40.10) with a lowest mean yield of 362.02 kg/ha.

scholarly journals Low soil moisture predisposes field-grown chickpea plants to dry root rot disease: evidence from simulation modeling and correlation analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranjita Sinha ◽  
Vadivelmurugan Irulappan ◽  
Basavanagouda S. Patil ◽  
Puli Chandra Obul Reddy ◽  
Venkategowda Ramegowda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Validation Dataset ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Weather Factors ◽  
Rhizoctonia Bataticola ◽  
Average Maximum ◽  
The Impact

AbstractRhizoctonia bataticola causes dry root rot (DRR), a devastating disease in chickpea (Cicer arietinum). DRR incidence increases under water deficit stress and high temperature. However, the roles of other edaphic and environmental factors remain unclear. Here, we performed an artificial neural network (ANN)-based prediction of DRR incidence considering DRR incidence data from previous reports and weather factors. ANN-based prediction using the backpropagation algorithm showed that the combination of total rainfall from November to January of the chickpea-growing season and average maximum temperature of the months October and November is crucial in determining DRR occurrence in chickpea fields. The prediction accuracy of DRR incidence was 84.6% with the validation dataset. Field trials at seven different locations in India with combination of low soil moisture and pathogen stress treatments confirmed the impact of low soil moisture on DRR incidence under different agroclimatic zones and helped in determining the correlation of soil factors with DRR incidence. Soil phosphorus, potassium, organic carbon, and clay content were positively correlated with DRR incidence, while soil silt content was negatively correlated. Our results establish the role of edaphic and other weather factors in chickpea DRR disease incidence. Our ANN-based model will allow the location-specific prediction of DRR incidence, enabling efficient decision-making in chickpea cultivation to minimize yield loss.

scholarly journals Influence of weather factors, soil temperature and moisture on collar rot disease of betel vine (Piper betle L.) under coastal saline zone of West Bengal

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 428-434
Author(s):  
PRABIR KUMAR GARAIN ◽  
BHOLANATH MONDAL ◽  
SUBRATA DUTTA
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Piper Betle ◽  
Weather Factors ◽  
Collar Rot ◽  
Minimum Relative Humidity ◽  
Rot Disease

A study was conducted to find out the influence of weather factors, soil temperature and soil moisture on the incidence of Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. induced collar rot disease in betelvine (Piper betle L.), during 2016 to 2018. Fourteen soil and weather factors, taken from the agrometeorological observatory located at instructional farm of Ramkrishna Ashram Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Nimpith and recorded from a nearby betelvine boroj, were subjected to multiple regression, binary logistic regression and canonical discriminant analysis to develop a suitable disease forewarning model. The binary logistic model, Y(0/1) = 5.899 + 0.865 (Tmax) – 0.569 (SM) + 0.097 (BRHmin) was able to predict the disease risk with 78 per cent accuracy and correctly classified 94 per cent of cases during model validation in 2018. The weekly averages of maximum temperature (Tmax), soil moisture (SM) and minimum relative humidity inside the boroj (BRHmin) were found to be the most significant predictors of disease incidence, in this model. The soil moisture at 69 - 72 per cent of field capacity, minimum temperature of 25 - 27oC, maximum temperature of 33 - 36oC, average soil temperature of 28 - 30oC, minimum relative humidity of 60 - 72 per cent inside the boroj and maximum relative humidity of 83 - 89 per cent inside the boroj were found to be highly congenial for collar rot disease incidence in betelvine under coastal saline zone of West Bengal.

scholarly journals Relationships of Preharvest Weather Conditions and Soil Factors to Susceptibility of Sweetpotato to Postharvest Decay Caused by Rhizopus stolonifer and Dickeya dadantii

Plant Disease ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 99 (6) ◽  
pp. 848-857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brooke A. Edmunds ◽  
Christopher A. Clark ◽  
Arthur Q. Villordon ◽  
Gerald J. Holmes
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Dickeya Dadantii ◽  
High Soil Temperature

Postharvest soft rots of sweetpotato caused by Rhizopus stolonifer (Rhizopus soft rot) and Dickeya dadantii (bacterial root rot) occur sporadically and can result in significant losses. A 3-year field study related preharvest conditions, including soil texture, chemistry, and fertility; air temperature; soil temperature and moisture; and various cultural practices (153 total variables), to postharvest susceptibility to both diseases in 75 sweetpotato fields in North Carolina and 63 sweetpotato fields in Louisiana. Storage roots were sampled from each field, cured, stored, and inoculated with each pathogen after 100 to 120 days in storage. Disease susceptibility was measured as incidence of diseased storage roots 10 days following inoculation. There was wide variation from field to field in incidence of both diseases (0 to 100% for Rhizopus soft rot and 5 to 95% for bacterial root rot) in both states in each year. Correlations between disease incidence and each of the preharvest variables revealed numerous significant correlations but the variables that correlated with disease incidence were different between North Carolina and Louisiana. Models for both diseases were built by first using forward stepwise regression to identify variables of interest, followed by a mixed-model analysis to produce a final reduced model. For North Carolina fields, postharvest Rhizopus soft rot susceptibility was described by the percentage of the soil cation exchange capacity occupied by calcium, amount of plant-available soil phosphorus, percent soil humic matter, mean air temperature, mean volumetric soil moisture at 40 cm in depth, and mean soil temperature at 2 cm in depth. Postharvest bacterial soft rot susceptibility was described by soil pH and the number of days of high soil temperature late in the season. For Louisiana fields, Rhizopus soft rot susceptibility was described by a complex of variables, including late-season air and soil temperature and late-season days of extreme soil moisture. For bacterial root rot, days of low air temperature and days of high soil temperature late in the season as well as days of low soil moisture best described variation. Although the influence of preharvest variables on postharvest susceptibility was profound for each disease, the complexity of factors involved and differences between the data for the two states makes development of a predictive system extremely difficult.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF WEATHER PARAMETERS ON THE INCIDENCE OF ROOT ROT (MACROPHOMINA PHASEOLINA) DISEASE IN MULBERRY

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 48-60
Author(s):  
S. Vanitha ◽  
M. M. Deshmukh ◽  
Pooshna Sri . M
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Root Diseases ◽  
South West Monsoon ◽  
Weather Parameters ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Seasonal Analysis

Root rot disease caused by M. is the major disease in mulberry. The study was conducted in 50 mulberry gardens covering 15 villages during the year 2012-13 by adopting random sampling method. The present survey was taken up in the viz., Coimbatore, Erode, , , , and to assess the incidence of root diseases. The environmental factors that most seriously affect the initiation and development of infectious plant disease are temperature and humidity of the air, amount of rainfall, soil temperature, moisture and fertility. These factors affect disease development through their influence on the growth and susceptibility of the host, on the multiplication and activity of the pathogen or on the interaction of host and pathogen relates to the severity of symptom development. Correlation studies have revealed that average temperature plays the key role in disease incidence invariably in all the locations studied except district, which had no correlation with any of the weather variables, studied. root rot incidence attained peak during a particular period of a month where weather parameters like Temperature, Relative Humidity, Rainfall, Soil Moisture, and Soil Temperature were favorable. The root rot incidence will be minimum if all these conditions are unfavorable. Seasonal analysis revealed that South West Monsoon season was the predominant season for root rot incidence in mulberry. All the locations had peak incidence during SWM season only. The least occurrence had no specific season as it occurs in all the remaining three seasons.

scholarly journals Using Commercial Compost as Control Measures against Cucumber Root-Rot Disease

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamel Kamal Sabet ◽  
Magdy Mohamed Saber ◽  
Mohamed Adel-Aziz El-Naggar ◽  
Nehal Samy El-Mougy ◽  
Hatem Mohamed El-Deeb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Pythium Ultimum ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Cucumber Root

Five commercial composts were evaluated to suppress the root-rot pathogens (Fusarium solani (Mart.) App. and Wr, Pythium ultimum Trow, Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn, and Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.) of cucumber plants under in vitro and greenhouse conditions. In vitro tests showed that all tested unautoclaved and unfiltrated composts water extracts (CWEs) had inhibitor effect against pathogenic fungi, compared to autoclaved and filtrated ones. Also, the inhibitor effects of 40 bacteria and 15 fungi isolated from composts were tested against the mycelial growth of cucumber root-rot pathogens. Twenty two bacteria and twelve fungal isolates had antagonistic effect against root-rot pathogens. The antagonistic fungal isolates were identified as 6 isolates belong to the genus Aspergillus spp., 5 isolates belong to the genus Penicillium spp. and one isolate belong to the genus Chaetomium spp. Under greenhouse conditions, the obtained results in pot experiment using artificial infested soil with cucumber root-rot pathogens showed that the compost amended soil reduced the percentage of disease incidence, pathogenic fungi population, and improved the cucumber vegetative parameters as shoot length, root length, fresh weight, and dry weight. These results suggested that composts are consequently considered as control measure against cucumber root-rot pathogens.

Cylindrocladium root rot in Ontario bare-root nurseries: estimate of spruce seedling losses

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 1493-1496 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Juzwik ◽  
C. Honhart ◽  
N. Chong
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Inoculum Density ◽  
Field Assessment ◽  
Causal Fungus ◽  
Bare Root ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Estimates of cylindrocladium root rot losses in three black and three white spruce compartments at five Ontario bare-root nurseries were determined through visual field assessment and seedling isolation. The causal fungus, Cylindrocladiumfloridanum Sob. & C.P. Seym., was isolated from 10–77% of the symptomatic and 0–28% of the apparently healthy seedlings in each compartment. In five compartments, estimates of mean incidence based on seedling isolations and visual assessment, were higher than those based on visual assessment alone. The percentage of living spruce (apparently healthy or symptomatic) estimated to be infected in each compartment was 0.1–32.7%. No fungus isolations were attempted from dead seedlings. Mortality in the plots in the six compartments was 0.02–17.7%. The correlation between the level of Cylindrocladium incidence and the inoculum density was significant (p < 0.01) in two compartments. The use of inoculum density to predict disease incidence warrants further investigation.

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