scholarly journals Prevalence of HIV Infection among Adolescents and Young People at a Tertiary Health Facility in Ekiti State, Southwest, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
G. O. Daramola ◽  
O. O. Oni ◽  
H. A. Edogun ◽  
A. O. Ojerinde ◽  
O. D. Ajayi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Health Facility ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Young Person ◽  
The State ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Southwest Nigeria ◽  
Sub Saharan

Background: Nine out of every 10 of the world’s 1.8 billion adolescents and young people (AYP) live in developing nations, Nigeria inclusive. In Nigeria as in the rest of sub-Saharan Africa, 1 out of every 3 persons is an adolescent or a young person. As at 2016, there were about 240, 000 AY) aged 10-19 years in Nigeria, which roughly makes 7% of the total number of people living with HIV (PLWH) in Nigeria. According to 2017 national survey, about 70% of the country’s AYP lack knowledge of how HIV is transmitted or how it can be prevented. Since AYP, aged 10-19 years, constitute a significant proportion of the nation’s burgeoning population, it is very important and critical to fully understand the dynamics of the HIV epidemic among AYP. This study aimed at determining the prevalence of HIV among AYP at a tertiary health facility in Ekiti State, Southwest Nigeria and comparing it with national and regional prevalence among same group. Methodology: The study was a retrospective study of AYP, aged 13-20 years at Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Southwest Nigeria. Convenience and consecutive sampling method was used in retrieving subjects’ data. One hundred subjects whose ages were between 13 and 20 years were consecutively sampled over a period of six months, July to December, 2018. Results: Out of the one hundred subjects retrospectively sampled, 46 (46%) were males, while 54 (54%) were females. Four (4%) of the subjects were 13 years of age, while 6(6%), 5(5%), 8(8%), 27(27%), 17(17%), 12(12%) and 21(21%) respectively were aged 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 and 20 years. Three (3%) of the subjects were positive to HIV, 1 (%) was male, while 2 (20%) were female, thus giving a sero-prevalence rate of 3%. Disaggregation of the positive subjects reveals that 33.3% were male, while 66.7% were females. Conclusion: Though the general prevalence of HIV in Ekiti State ranks among the lowest in Nigeria, group-specific interventions targeting the AYP should be put in place in the State to address the disproportionately high prevalence among the AYP in the State.

scholarly journals Management of TB/HIV co-infection: the state of the evidence

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 186-196
Author(s):  
Kwasi Torpey ◽  
Adwoa Agyei-Nkansah ◽  
Lily Ogyiri ◽  
Audrey Forson ◽  
Margaret Lartey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Hiv Treatment ◽  
The State ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Negative

Tuberculosis (TB) and HIV are strongly linked. There is a 19 times increased risk of developing active TB in people living with HIV than in HIV-negative people with Sub-Saharan Africa being the hardest hit region. According to the WHO, 1.3 million people died from TB, and an additional 300,000 TB-related deaths among people living with HIV. Although some progress has been made in reducing TB-related deaths among people living with HIV due to the evolution of diagnostics, treatment and antiretroviral HIV treatment, multi drug resistant TB is becoming a source of worry. Though significant progress has been made at the national level, understanding the state of the evidence and the challenges will better inform the national response of the opportunities for improved patient outcomes.Keywords: Tuberculosis, management, HIV, MDR TB, GhanaFunding: None

scholarly journals Peer Support for Adolescents and Young People Living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa: Emerging Insights and a Methodological Agenda

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 467-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniella Mark ◽  
Susan Hrapcak ◽  
Wole Ameyan ◽  
Ronnie Lovich ◽  
Agnes Ronan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Peer Support ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Living With Hiv

scholarly journals A systematic review of the effectiveness of non- health facility based care delivery of antiretroviral therapy for people living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa measured by viral suppression, mortality and retention on ART

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Limbada ◽  
Geiske Zijlstra ◽  
David Macleod ◽  
Helen Ayles ◽  
Sarah Fidler
Keyword(s):  
Health Facility ◽  
Viral Suppression ◽  
Risk Difference ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Viral Load Suppression ◽  
Loss To Follow Up ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Art Delivery

Abstract Background Alternative models for sustainable antiretroviral treatment (ART) delivery are necessary to meet the increasing demand to maintain population-wide ART for all people living with HIV (PLHIV) in sub-Saharan Africa. We undertook a review of published literature comparing health facility-based care (HFBC) with non-health facility based care (nHFBC) models of ART delivery in terms of health outcomes; viral suppression, loss to follow-up, retention and mortality. Methods We conducted a systematic search of Medline, Embase and Global Health databases from 2010 onwards. UNAIDS reports, WHO guidelines and abstracts from conferences were reviewed. All studies measuring at least one of the following outcomes, viral load suppression, loss-to-follow-up (LTFU) and mortality were included. Data were extracted, and a descriptive analysis was performed. Risk of bias assessment was done for all studies. Pooled estimates of the risk difference (for viral suppression) and hazard ratio (for mortality) were made using random-effects meta-analysis. Results Of 3082 non-duplicate records, 193 were eligible for full text screening of which 21 published papers met the criteria for inclusion. The pooled risk difference of viral load suppression amongst 4 RCTs showed no evidence of a difference in viral suppression (VS) between nHFBC and HFBC with an overall estimated risk difference of 1% [95% CI -1, 4%]. The pooled hazard ratio of mortality amongst 2 RCTs and 4 observational cohort studies showed no evidence of a difference in mortality between nHFBC and HFBC with an overall estimated hazard ratio of 1.01 [95% CI 0.88, 1.16]. Fifteen studies contained data on LTFU and 13 studies on retention. Although no formal quantitative analysis was performed on these outcomes due to the very different definitions between papers, it was observed that the outcomes appeared similar between HFBC and nHFBC. Conclusions Review of current literature demonstrates comparable outcomes for nHFBC compared to HFBC ART delivery programmes in terms of viral suppression, retention and mortality. PROSPERO number CRD42018088194.

scholarly journals Pandemics and Burden of Stroke and Epilepsy in Sub-Saharan Africa: Experience from a Longstanding Health Programme

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2766
Author(s):  
Massimo Leone ◽  
Fausto Ciccacci ◽  
Stefano Orlando ◽  
Sandro Petrolati ◽  
Giovanni Guidotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Cerebrovascular Disorders ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Health Programme ◽  
Excess Deaths ◽  
Hiv Aids

Eighty percent of people with stroke live in low- to middle-income nations, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) where stroke has increased by more than 100% in the last decades. More than one-third of all epilepsy−related deaths occur in SSA. HIV infection is a risk factor for neurological disorders, including stroke and epilepsy. The vast majority of the 38 million people living with HIV/AIDS are in SSA, and the burden of neurological disorders in SSA parallels that of HIV/AIDS. Local healthcare systems are weak. Many standalone HIV health centres have become a platform with combined treatment for both HIV and noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), as advised by the United Nations. The COVID-19 pandemic is overwhelming the fragile health systems in SSA, and it is feared it will provoke an upsurge of excess deaths due to the disruption of care for chronic diseases such as HIV, TB, hypertension, diabetes, and cerebrovascular disorders. Disease Relief through Excellent and Advanced Means (DREAM) is a health programme active since 2002 to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS and related disorders in 10 SSA countries. DREAM is scaling up management of NCDs, including neurologic disorders such as stroke and epilepsy. We described challenges and solutions to address disruption and excess deaths from these diseases during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.

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