scholarly journals Distribution of Primary Nutrients (NPK) to Crop Production in Profiles of Soils Derived from Coastal Plain Sand in Ikot Ekpo, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
M. O. Eyong ◽  
E. A. Akpa
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Valley Bottom ◽  
Cross River State ◽  
Middle Slope ◽  
Profile Distribution ◽  
Definite Pattern ◽  
Optimal Productivity ◽  
Land Use And Management

This study was conducted to evaluate the distribution of primary nutrients (NPK) in profiles of the coastal plain soils of Ikot Ekpo, Calabar, as well as evaluate other soil properties critical to agricultural productivity, in a bid to generate data that will serve as a guide to effective land use and management of the soils for arable crop production. Three (3) Profile pits were dug on the crest, middle slope and valley bottom, and soil samples were collected from their pedogenetic horizons for analysis. Analytical results showed the three profiles of coastal plain soils studied had predominantly sandy particle sizes (ranged from 770 - 910 gkg-1 sand across the three profiles) and mostly loamy sand in texture; especially at the topsoil level. The soils were also acidic (pH 4.7 to 5.1) and low in organic matter (1.0 mg kg-1 to 16.0 mg kg-1) as expected. Generally, the soils were found to be low in total nitrogen content (0.1 to 1.3 mg kg-1) and exchangeable potassium (0.08 to 0.10 cmolc kg-1); however, they were high in available phosphorus (17.20 to 29.75 mg kg-1). NPK distribution charts showed that N and P decreased consecutively with increasing depth for the crest profile. The middle-slope and valley bottom profile showed no definite pattern of distribution. However, the concentration of NPK was highest at topsoil level across most profiles. N had the shallowest intra-profile distribution with significantly higher levels of topsoil concentration indicated by the high percentages of intra-profile CV (94%, 85% & 97% for CUF, MUF & VUF respectively). P showed a shallow intra-profile distribution across the three profiles but did not vary significantly from the intra-profile mean (12.5%, 12.0% & 2.6% for CUF, MUF & VUF respectively). On the other hand K was more evenly distributed within all three profiles ( CV  of 9.4%, 5.3% & 8.6% for CUF, MUF & VUF respective) compared to N and P. Inter-profile distribution of NPK showed that N and P had higher concentrations at crest level, with P showing consecutive decrease in concentration down the slope. This study therefore recommends adoption of different NPK fertilizer recommendations for different soil depths and topographic locations for optimal productivity.

scholarly journals Variability of Soil Extractable Micronutrients in the Upland and Lowland Topoposition Soils of Gubi Village, Bauchi State, North Eastern Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Ephraim Risul Biwe ◽  
Voncir Nanmwa ◽  
Alhaji Muhammad Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Upland Soil ◽  
Valley Bottom ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Zn Content ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Middle Slope ◽  
Profile Distribution ◽  
Extractable Micronutrients ◽  
Iron And Manganese ◽  
Upper Slope

The aim of this study was to assess the variability of extractable micronutrients in the varying topoposition soils of Gubi village. Four profile pits were dug at each of the designated topopositions making a total of eight profiles. The profiles were dug at the crest, upper slope, middle slope and valley bottom positions of the two toposequences and were named URFGU1, URFGU2, URFGU3 to URFGU4 and URFGL1. URFGL2, URFGL3 to URFGL4 for upland and lowland respectively. The content and profile distribution of extractable micronutrients copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn) and Iron (Fe) were extracted using 0.1 m HCl solution and determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) at appropriate wavelengths (Ca at 247 nm, Zn at 214 nm, Mn at 279 nm and Fe at 248 nm. Data generated was statistically analyzed using analysis of variance in nested experimental design. The significance of difference between treatments was determined using fishers LSD. Means that were significantly different were separated using the Least Significant Difference (LSD). The result reveals that Copper (Cu), iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) varied significantly due to location. Iron and manganese were significantly higher in the upland soil (47.35 and 47.50 mg/kg respectively) than in the lowland soil (17.67 and 27.38 mg/kg respectively). The lowland soil had significantly higher Cu (1.31 mg/kg) than the upland soil (0.37 mg/kg).  Zinc (Zn) did not vary significantly due to location however the lowland soil (0.86 mg/kg) had a higher Zn content than the upland soil (0.26 mg/kg).

Increase in phosphorus concentration of a clay loam surface soil receiving repeated annual feedlot cattle manure applications in southern Alberta

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (5) ◽  
pp. 589-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi Chang, Joann K. Whalen ◽  
Xiying Hao
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Manure Application ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Rate Of Increase

Migration of P from soils to water resources poses a risk of surface water eutrophication, and increase in P concentration in soils through manure or fertilizer addition would exace rbate this problem. Investigating the rate of increase in P concentration of surface soil receiving livestock manure is crucial to the development of best manure management strategies and prevention of eutrophication of aquatic systems. In this study, the changes in P concentrations of surface soils (0- to 15-cm depth) receiving 25 annual manure applications at rates of 0, 30, 60 and 90 Mg ha-1 yr-1 under non-irrigated conditions and at rates of 0, 60, 120 and 180 Mg ha-1 yr-1 under irrigated conditions were examined. The soil test P (STP) and total P (TP) of the surface soil increased with the TP through manure application over a 25-yr period. The STP pool was about 38% of the soil TP pool, similar to ratios of STP to TP in feedlot cattle manure. While the high proportion of STP to TP could be beneficial for crop production, it could also increase the potential for P losses from these soils through runoff and leaching. The changes in TP and STP concentrations of the surface soil were modelled with an expone ntial rise to maximum function: TP = 0.69 + 5.06 (1 − e(−0.087x)) and STP = 0.029 + 2.21 (1 − e(−0.082x)) where x is the cumulative TP applied. Although the model was developed for a specific soil and type of manure, it could be adapted to other soils or manure sources by adjusting the model coefficients for the particular soil and/or manure type. These adjustments would not require as extensive a data set as was required to develop the original model. This model could be used to determine the amount of TP that could be applied for a given critical STP. Producers, regulatory agencies, planners, and extension specialists could also use this model to make decisions on manure P management. Key words: Long-term cattle manure application, total phosphorus, available phosphorus, rate of accumulation, non-irrigated and irrigated cropping

Profile distribution of iron sesquioxide contents in selected Nigerian soils

1980 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Udo
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Relative Distribution ◽  
Basement Complex ◽  
Fe Oxide ◽  
Parent Materials ◽  
Nigerian Soils ◽  
Profile Distribution ◽  
Basaltic Soils ◽  
Poorly Drained Soils ◽  
Nigerian Soil

SummaryTotal, dithionite-extractable (‘free’) and oxalate-extractable (amorphous) Fe as Fe2O3 forms were determined in eight Nigerian soil profiles selected to include four major parent materials and different drainage conditions.Total Fe ranged from 1·98 to 15·01 % Fe2O3, the average contents being 4·40, 8·62, 12·59 and 13·49 Fe2O3 for soils derived from the coastal plain sands, basement complex rocks, shale and basalt, respectively. ‘Free’ Fe ranged from 0·08 to 12·28% Fe2O3, the basaltic soils having the highest content, and those on shale the least. Generally the poorly drained soils had low contents, the free Fe oxide constituting about 61 % of total Fe in well-drained soils, and only about 9% in poorly drained soils.The oxalate-extractable or non-crystalline Fe oxide ranged from 0·04 to 1·21% Fe2O3. The proportion of amorphous iron oxide, indicated by the ‘active’ ratio ‘oxalate-Fe/DCB-Fe’, was higher in poorly drained than in well-drained soils.The clay/DBC-Fe ratio remained constant in the well-drained soils but increased with depth in the poorly drained profiles, indicating a co-migration of free Fe oxide and clay in the former but not in the latter soils.In general, the relative distribution of the different Fe forms appeared influenced by both the parent materials and the drainage of the soils.

scholarly journals Persistence of Plant-Available Phosphorus in Muck Soils after Fertilizer Application

EDIS ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan L. Wright ◽  
Edward A. Hanlon ◽  
J. Mabry McCray ◽  
David D. Sui
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Southern Florida ◽  
Soil And Water

SL-290, a 5-page fact sheet by Alan L. Wright, Edward A. Hanlon, J. Mabry McCray, and David D. Sui, provides growers in the Everglades Agricultural Area with information about the organic soils in southern Florida and their management to improve crop production while also reducing adverse environmental effects, especially during times of land use change. Includes Additional sources of information. Published by the UF Department of Soil and Water Science, May 2009. SL 290/SS503: Fate of Phosphorus in Everglades Agricultrual Soils after Fertilizer Application (ufl.edu)

scholarly journals Soil Properties and Growth of Maize as Affected by Slope Position and Fertilizer Type on Coastal Plain Sands

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 180-197
Author(s):  
Utin U. E ◽  
Essien G. E
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Slope Position ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
And Control ◽  
Upper Slope

A study was conducted to determine the effects of slope position and fertilizer type on soil properties and growth of maize (Zea mays) on Coastal Plain Sands of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Results obtained showed that soils of lower slope (LS) had the highest contents of clay and silt compared with those of upper slope (US) position. Bulk density of the upper slope soil and that of the middle slope (MS) soils were significantly higher (P≤0.05) than that of LS soil and subsequently, total porosity and saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) increased downslope. Bulk density of soils that received poultry manure (PM) and NPK+PM were significantly reduced compared to those of NPK and control while total porosity and Ksat of soils that received PM and NPK+PM were significantly higher (P≤0.05) than those of NPK and control. Soils of LS had highest pH, organic carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, ECEC compared to those of MS and US. The application of poultry manure yielded increase in soil pH, soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and ECEC when compared to soils of NPK and control. Growth of maize obtained with LS were consistently higher than those of the MS and US soils. Soils of LS that received NPK and NPK+PM had consistently similar maize growth, higher than other combinations of slope position and fertilizer type. The complementary application of poultry manure and NPK 15:15:15 can be the best option for increasing the fertility of soils with varying slope positions on Coastal Plain Sands.

scholarly journals Effect of Continuous Intensive Cultivation on the Chemical and Microbiological Properties of Oxic Dystrandept Soils in the Western Highlands of Cameroon

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-26
Author(s):  
NTANGMO TSAFACK Honorine ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
First Year ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
One Year ◽  
Microbiological Properties

Soil fertility indices are well documented as they are directly related to land use and productivity. However, the effect of continuous intensive cultivation on the evolution of soil fertility is still poorly documented. The aim of this study was thus to assess the effect of continuous intensive cultivation on the chemical and microbiological properties of Oxic Dystrandept soils in the Western Highlands of Cameroon. Composite soil samples were taken between 0-15 cm depths on farmlands that have been subjected to continuous intensive cultivation for one, five and ten years meanwhile samples from plots that have never been cultivated served as control. The main results revealed that the ammonium contents dropped abruptly (86%-wt) from the first year of cultivation. The organic carbon (OC) content decreased from 1.81 ± 0.14 %-dm (in control) to 1.69 ± 0.09 % after one year, 1.66 ± 0.10 % after 5 years and 1.58 ± 0.07 % after 10 years. Compared to the control, available phosphorus (P) showed a 13 %-wt drop after one year, 46 % after 5 years and 85 % after 10 years. Dehydrogenase activity showed a 42 % decrease after one year, 50 % after five years and 73 % after 10 years. The other parameters were not significantly different (P<0.05) amongst treatments. Decline of soil productivity was undoubtedly related to the decrease of OC, P, microbial activity and ammonium with continuous intensive cultivation. Thus, management strategies for improved crop production should include selection suitable cropping systems and chemical methods. Keywords: Continuous intensive cultivation, enzymatic activities, soil chemical properties, Oxic Dystrandept, Cameroon western highland

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