Increase in phosphorus concentration of a clay loam surface soil receiving repeated annual feedlot cattle manure applications in southern Alberta

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (5) ◽  
pp. 589-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi Chang, Joann K. Whalen ◽  
Xiying Hao
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Manure Application ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Rate Of Increase

Migration of P from soils to water resources poses a risk of surface water eutrophication, and increase in P concentration in soils through manure or fertilizer addition would exace rbate this problem. Investigating the rate of increase in P concentration of surface soil receiving livestock manure is crucial to the development of best manure management strategies and prevention of eutrophication of aquatic systems. In this study, the changes in P concentrations of surface soils (0- to 15-cm depth) receiving 25 annual manure applications at rates of 0, 30, 60 and 90 Mg ha-1 yr-1 under non-irrigated conditions and at rates of 0, 60, 120 and 180 Mg ha-1 yr-1 under irrigated conditions were examined. The soil test P (STP) and total P (TP) of the surface soil increased with the TP through manure application over a 25-yr period. The STP pool was about 38% of the soil TP pool, similar to ratios of STP to TP in feedlot cattle manure. While the high proportion of STP to TP could be beneficial for crop production, it could also increase the potential for P losses from these soils through runoff and leaching. The changes in TP and STP concentrations of the surface soil were modelled with an expone ntial rise to maximum function: TP = 0.69 + 5.06 (1 − e(−0.087x)) and STP = 0.029 + 2.21 (1 − e(−0.082x)) where x is the cumulative TP applied. Although the model was developed for a specific soil and type of manure, it could be adapted to other soils or manure sources by adjusting the model coefficients for the particular soil and/or manure type. These adjustments would not require as extensive a data set as was required to develop the original model. This model could be used to determine the amount of TP that could be applied for a given critical STP. Producers, regulatory agencies, planners, and extension specialists could also use this model to make decisions on manure P management. Key words: Long-term cattle manure application, total phosphorus, available phosphorus, rate of accumulation, non-irrigated and irrigated cropping

scholarly journals Efficiency of Recycled Biogas Digestates as Phosphorus Fertilizers for Maize

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 553
Author(s):  
Inga-Mareike Bach ◽  
Lisa Essich ◽  
Torsten Müller
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilizers ◽  
Future Supply ◽  
Application Techniques ◽  
Phosphorus Recycling ◽  
Fertilizing Effect

Despite phosphorus resources on Earth being limited, over fertilization in many agricultural situations causes significant resource consumption. Phosphorus-recycling within agricultural production can reduce global dilution into the environment and is thus essential to secure sustainable future supply. This study investigated the fertilization efficacy of phosphorus fertilizers recycled from biogas digestates in maize shoots grown under controlled greenhouse conditions, in two soils, in a pot experiment. Variables investigated were plant-available phosphorus in soil, plant biomass production, and concentration of phosphorus, calcium, and magnesium in shoots. Soils were treated with three different fertilizer fractions, separated from biogas digestates, at equivalent phosphorus concentrations, using different combinations and application techniques, isolated or in combination, and compared to triple superphosphate (TSP) as a reference. One of the fractions (P-Salt) had effects on biomass production and plant phosphorus concentration equivalent to TSP in agricultural surface soil. In the second soil (with less active soil life and nutrient content), equivalence to TSP was achieved with combinations of two recycled fractions (P-Salt and dried solids). The enhancement of the phosphorus fertilizing effect by the solids was synergistic, indicating that the solids had a soil conditioning effect. The results show that biogas digestates are a valuable source for phosphorus recycling of fractions that have equivalent or even superior fertilizing properties compared to TSP.

PSVI-8 Meta-regression Analysis to Determine the Relationship Between Growing Pig Body Weight and Variation

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 218-219
Author(s):  
Andres Fernando T Russi ◽  
Mike D Tokach ◽  
Jason C Woodworth ◽  
Joel M DeRouchey ◽  
Robert D Goodband ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Prediction Equations ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The swine industry has been constantly evolving to select animals with improved performance traits and to minimize variation in body weight (BW) in order to meet packer specifications. Therefore, understanding variation presents an opportunity for producers to find strategies that could help reduce, manage, or deal with variation of pigs in a barn. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted by collecting data from multiple studies and available data sets in order to develop prediction equations for coefficient of variation (CV) and standard deviation (SD) as a function of BW. Information regarding BW variation from 16 papers was recorded to provide approximately 204 data points. Together, these data included 117,268 individually weighed pigs with a sample size that ranged from 104 to 4,108 pigs. A random-effects model with study used as a random effect was developed. Observations were weighted using sample size as an estimate for precision on the analysis, where larger data sets accounted for increased accuracy in the model. Regression equations were developed using the nlme package of R to determine the relationship between BW and its variation. Polynomial regression analysis was conducted separately for each variation measurement. When CV was reported in the data set, SD was calculated and vice versa. The resulting prediction equations were: CV (%) = 20.04 – 0.135 × (BW) + 0.00043 × (BW)2, R2=0.79; SD = 0.41 + 0.150 × (BW) - 0.00041 × (BW)2, R2 = 0.95. These equations suggest that there is evidence for a decreasing quadratic relationship between mean CV of a population and BW of pigs whereby the rate of decrease is smaller as mean pig BW increases from birth to market. Conversely, the rate of increase of SD of a population of pigs is smaller as mean pig BW increases from birth to market.

scholarly journals Genetic variation of seed phosphorus concentration in winter oilseed rape and development of a NIRS calibration

Euphytica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 217 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakob Eifler ◽  
Jürgen Enno Wick ◽  
Bernd Steingrobe ◽  
Christian Möllers
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Organic P ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Total P

AbstractPhytic acid is the major organic phosphorus storage compound in rapeseed. Following oil extraction, the defatted meal is used in feed mixtures for livestock. However, monogastric pigs and chickens can only poorly metabolize phytate. Hence, their excrements are rich in phosphorus (P), which when applied as manure may lead to eutrophication of surface waters. The aim of the present study was to analyze the genetic variation for total and organic P concentration (i.e. mainly phytate) in rapeseed and to compare the results with soybean. Two sets of rapeseed material were tested in field experiments in different environments with varying soil P levels and harvested seeds were used for seed quality analysis. Results revealed significant genotypic differences in total seed P concentration, which ranged from 0.47 to 0.94%. Depending on the experiment, the heritability for total P concentration ranged from 52 to 93%. The organic P portion of total P concentration was above 90% for current rapeseed hybrids. In both sets, there was a significant positive correlation between seed protein and P concentration. A NIRS calibration for total P concentration in intact seeds showed in cross validation a standard error of 0.05% and a coefficient of determination of R2 = 0.83. Total P concentration of soybean seeds and meal was between 0.55 and 0.65%, and around 1.1% for rapeseed meal. Rapeseed meal had a twofold higher ratio of total P to nitrogen concentration as compared to soybean which could be considered adverse when the meal is used for feeding livestock.

The importance of solid cattle manure application on soil microorganisms in organic and conventional cultivation

2012 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 583-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liina Edesi ◽  
Malle Järvan ◽  
Merrit Noormets ◽  
Enn Lauringson ◽  
Ando Adamson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Manure Application

Effect of Cattle Manure Application on the Gaseous Regime of a Sandy Soil

2005 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-70
Author(s):  
M. S. Hossain ◽  
S. F. Barrington ◽  
N. N. Barthakur
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Manure Application

scholarly journals Faculty Publishing Productivity: Comparisons over Time

2006 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 230-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Budd
Keyword(s):  
Academic Librarians ◽  
Tenure Track ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Part Time Faculty ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Time Faculty ◽  
Over Time

Concerns about higher education abound, and these include concerns about productivity. The present study extends two previous examinations of faculty publishing productivity covering the years 1991 to 1993 and 1995 to 1997. Both members of ARL and a group of institutions included in ACRL’s data set are included. For both groups there are some increases in mean total numbers of publications, although the rate of increase has decreased since the second time period. Per capita rates of publication demonstrate an even flatter pattern. In recent years, there have been some changes in the dynamics of universities’ faculties; there are more part-time faculty and more faculty who are not on the tenure track. These factors, coupled with the publishing data, point to activities that all academic librarians should be aware of.

scholarly journals Nitrogen fertility in semiarid dryland wheat production is challenging for beginning organic farmers

2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Drew J. Lyon ◽  
Gary W. Hergert
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
N Fertility ◽  
Summer Fallow

AbstractOrganic farming systems use green and animal manures to supply nitrogen (N) to their fields for crop production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of green manure and composted cattle manure on the subsequent winter wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) crop in a semiarid environment. Dry pea (Pisum sativumL.) was seeded in early April and terminated at first flower in late June. Composted cattle manure was applied at 0, 11.2 or 22.5 Mg ha−1just prior to pea termination. Winter wheat was planted in mid September following the green manure or tilled summer fallow. No positive wheat response to green manure or composted cattle manure was observed in any of the 3 years of the study. In 2 of the 3 years, wheat yields and grain test weight were reduced following green manure. Green manure reduced grain yields compared with summer fallow by 220 and 1190 kg ha−1in 2009 and 2010, respectively. This may partially be explained by 40 and 47 mm less soil water at wheat planting following peas compared with tilled summer fallow in 2008 and 2009, respectively. Also, in 2008 and 2009, soil nitrate level averaged 45 kg ha−1higher for black fallow compared with green manure fallow when no compost was added. Organic growers in the semiarid Central Great Plains will be challenged to supply N fertility to their winter wheat crop in a rapid and consistent manner as a result of the inherently variable precipitation. Growers may need to allow several years to pass before seeing the benefits of fertility practices in their winter wheat cropping systems.

Cover crop effects on soil temperature in a clay loam soil in southwestern Ontario

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
X.M. Yang ◽  
W.D. Reynolds ◽  
C.F. Drury ◽  
M.D. Reeb
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Surface Soil Temperature

Although it is well established that soil temperature has substantial effects on the agri-environmental performance of crop production, little is known of soil temperatures under living cover crops. Consequently, soil temperatures under a crimson clover and white clover mix, hairy vetch, and red clover were measured for a cool, humid Brookston clay loam under a corn–soybean–winter wheat/cover crop rotation. Measurements were collected from August (after cover crop seeding) to the following May (before cover crop termination) at 15, 30, 45, and 60 cm depths during 2018–2019 and 2019–2020. Average soil temperatures (August–May) were not affected by cover crop species at any depth, or by air temperature at 60 cm depth. During winter, soil temperatures at 15, 30, and 45 cm depths were greater under cover crops than under a no cover crop control (CK), with maximum increase occurring at 15 cm on 31 January 2019 (2.5–5.7 °C) and on 23 January 2020 (0.8–1.9 °C). In spring, soil temperatures under standing cover crops were cooler than the CK by 0.1–3.0 °C at 15 cm depth, by 0–2.4 °C at the 30 and 45 cm depths, and by 0–1.8 °C at 60 cm depth. In addition, springtime soil temperature at 15 cm depth decreased by about 0.24 °C for every 1 Mg·ha−1 increase in live cover crop biomass. Relative to bare soil, cover crops increased near-surface soil temperature during winter but decreased near-surface soil temperature during spring. These temperature changes may have both positive and negative effects on the agri-environmental performance of crop production.

Fast Determination of Phosphorus Concentration in Phosphogypsum Waste Using Calibration-Free LIBS in Air and Helium

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled Elsayed ◽  
Walid Tawfik ◽  
Ashraf E M Khater ◽  
Tarek S Kayed ◽  
Mohamed Fikry
Keyword(s):  
Complete Analysis ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Stark Broadening ◽  
Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Characteristic Lines ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Calibration Free

Abstract This work represents a novel method to determine phosphorus (P) concentration in phosphogypsum (PG) waste samples using calibration-free laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). A 50 mJ Q-switched Nd: YAG laser has generated the PG LIBS spectrum. Spectroscopic analysis of plasma evolution has been characterized by electron density Ne and electron temperature Te using the emission intensity and stark broadening for P I characteristic lines 213.61, 214.91, and 215.40 nm under non-purged (air) and purged (helium) conditions. It was found that both Te and Ne have significant changes linearly with P concentrations 4195, 5288, 6293, and 6905 ppm. The values of plasma Te and Ne increased from about 6900 to 10000 K and 1.1×1017 to 3.4×1017 cm− 3, respectively, for the non-purged PG. On the other hand, Te and Ne ranged from 8200 to 11000 K and 1.4×1017 to 3.5×1017 cm− 3, respectively, for the PG purged with helium. It is concluded that Te and Ne values represent a fingerprint plasma characterization for a given P concentration in PG samples, which can be used to identify P concentration without a PG's complete analysis. These results demonstrate a new achievement in the field of spectrochemical analysis of environmental applications.

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