scholarly journals Populational Structure of Eugenia sp. in Paraban Semiarid of State, Brazil

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
André Japiassú ◽  
Josimar Gomes Dantas ◽  
Francisco de Oliveira Mesquita ◽  
Adriana Araújo Diniz ◽  
Anailson de Sousa Alevs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basal Area ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Aggregation Index ◽  
Aggregation Pattern ◽  
Disturbed Areas ◽  
Cluster Area ◽  
Absolute Density ◽  
History Of ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Vegetation Mosaics

The genus Eugenia presents one of the most important in Myrtaceae family, expressing a potential nutritional high and in drugs obtaining. The plants are resist and resist disease, their hardwood has been used to produce posts, stakes, poles, firewood and charcoal. The objective of this present work was to conduct a survey of the population structure of Eugenia sp. was conducted in caatinga area, located in the municipality of Caturité, PB. Were sampled Forty plots of 10x20 m, totaling a sample area of 8.000 m². All shrub-tree individuals were inventoried by the taking the ground level diameter (DNS), height and number of tillers. The vegetation structure was evaluated by basal area, absolute density, absolute frequency and aggregation index of the species. A total of 741 individuals of Eugenia sp. Distributed in four vegetation mosaics with a history of different uses, which were conventionally approached as: A I = Abandoned quarry area; A II = Bottom of the valley; A III = Conserved Area and A IV = Capoeira Area. Area I presented a total of 92 individuals sampled in the 10 experimental plots (DA = 460), where in this environment the species tended to cluster, Area II presented 124 individuals (DA = 620) and the McGuines index expressed that in this environment the species finds grouped. In Area III, 480 individuals were sampled with an absolute density of 2,400 ind. ha-1 grouped. The density of Eugenia sp. Was performed descriptive statistical analysis. It is different in vegetation mosaics due to the history of land use in the studied areas. The largest number of individuals of Eugenia sp. is concentrated in the conserved area showing aggregation pattern. In all areas of study, individuals have low stem diameter, expressing the importance of the species in the regeneration of disturbed areas. In the quarry area are the individuals with higher height.

Root rot damage in naturally regenerated stands of spruce and balsam fir in Ontario

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Whitney
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Root Decay ◽  
Forest Region

In an 11-year study in northern Ontario, root rot damage was heaviest in balsam fir, intermediate in black spruce, and least in white spruce. As a result of root rot, 16, 11, and 6%, respectively, of dominant or codominant trees of the three species were killed or experienced premature windfall. Butt rot, which resulted from the upward extension of root rot into the boles of living trees, led to a scaled cull of 17, 12, and 10%, respectively, of gross merchantable volume of the remaining living trees in the three species. The total volume of wood lost to rot was, therefore, 33, 23, and 16%, respectively. Of 1108 living dominant and codominant balsam fir, 1243 black spruce, and 501 white spruce in 165 stands, 87, 68, and 63%, respectively, exhibited some degree of advanced root decay. Losses resulting from root rot increased with tree age. Significant amounts of root decay and stain (>30% of root volume) first occurred at 60 years of age in balsam fir and 80 years in black spruce and white spruce. For the three species together, the proportion of trees that were dead and windfallen as a result of root rot increased from an average of 3% at 41–50 years to 13% at 71–80 years and 26% at 101–110 years. The root rot index, based on the number of dead and windfallen trees and estimated loss of merchantable volume, also increased, from an average of 17 at 41–50 years to 40 at 71–80 years and 53 at 101–110 years. Death and windfall of balsam fir and black spruce were more common in northwestern Ontario than in northeastern Ontario. Damage to balsam fir was greater in the Great Lakes–St. Lawrence Forest region than in the Boreal Forest region. In all three tree species, the degree of root rot (decay and stain) was highly correlated with the number of dead and windfallen trees, stand age, and root decay at ground level (as a percentage of basal area) for a 10-tree sample.

The Author of Himself

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel Reich-Ranicki
Keyword(s):  
Communist Party ◽  
German Literature ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Television Program ◽  
German Culture ◽  
Jewish Family ◽  
German Occupation ◽  
Warsaw Ghetto ◽  
Jewish Resistance ◽  
History Of

The author of this book was born into a Jewish family in Poland in 1920, and he moved to Berlin as a boy. There he discovered his passion for literature and began a complex affair with German culture. In 1938, his family was deported back to Poland, where German occupation forced him into the Warsaw Ghetto. As a member of the Jewish resistance, a translator for the Jewish Council, and a man who personally experienced the ghetto's inhumane conditions, the author gained both a bird's-eye and ground-level view of Nazi barbarism. His account of this episode is among the most compelling and dramatic ever recorded. He escaped with his wife and spent two years hiding in the cellar of Polish peasants. After liberation, he joined and then fell out with the Communist Party and was temporarily imprisoned. He began writing and soon became Poland's foremost critical commentator on German literature. When he returned to Germany in 1958, his rise was meteoric. He claimed national celebrity and notoriety as the head of the literary section of the leading newspaper and host of his own television program. He frequently flabbergasted viewers with his bold pronouncements and flexed his power to make or break a writer's career. This, together with his keen critical instincts, makes his memoir an indispensable guide to contemporary German culture as well as an absorbing eyewitness history of some of the twentieth century's most important events.

scholarly journals The divergence history of European blue mussel species reconstructed from Approximate Bayesian Computation: the effects of sequencing techniques and sampling strategies

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christelle Fraïsse ◽  
Camille Roux ◽  
Pierre-Alexandre Gagnaire ◽  
Jonathan Romiguier ◽  
Nicolas Faivre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Spectrum ◽  
Approximate Bayesian Computation ◽  
Exome Capture ◽  
Bayesian Computation ◽  
Sampling Strategies ◽  
Migration Rates ◽  
History Of ◽  
Site Frequency Spectrum ◽  
Approximate Bayesian ◽  
Number Of Individuals

AbstractGenome-scale diversity data are increasingly available in a variety of biological systems, and can be used to reconstruct the past evolutionary history of species divergence. However, extracting the full demographic information from these data is not trivial, and requires inferential methods that account for the diversity of coalescent histories throughout the genome. Here, we evaluate the potential and limitations of one such approach. We reexamine a well-known system of mussel sister species, using the joint site frequency spectrum (jSFS) of synonymous mutations computed either from exome capture or RNA-seq, in an Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) framework. We first assess the best sampling strategy (number of: individuals, loci, and bins in the jSFS), and show that model selection is robust to variation in the number of individuals and loci. In contrast, different binning choices when summarizing the joint site frequency spectrum, strongly affect the results: including classes of low and high frequency shared polymorphisms can more effectively reveal recent migration events. We then take advantage of the flexibility of ABC to compare more realistic models of speciation, including variation in migration rates through time (i.e. periodic connectivity) and across genes (i.e. genome-wide heterogeneity in migration rates). We show that these models were consistently selected as the most probable, suggesting that mussels have experienced a complex history of gene flow during divergence and that the species boundary is semi-permeable. Our work provides a comprehensive evaluation of ABC demographic inference in mussels based on the coding site frequency spectrum, and supplies guidelines for employing different sequencing techniques and sampling strategies. We emphasize, perhaps surprisingly, that inferences are less limited by the volume of data, than by the way in which they are analyzed.

Determination of 36Cl Production Rates Derived from the Well-Dated Deglaciation Surfaces of Whidbey and Fidalgo Islands, Washington

2001 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 366-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry W. Swanson ◽  
Marc L. Caffee
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Neutron Absorption ◽  
Production Rates ◽  
System A ◽  
History Of ◽  
Dating Method ◽  
Exposure Ages

AbstractThe 36Cl dating method is increasingly being used to determine the surface-exposure history of Quaternary landforms. Production rates for the 36Cl isotopic system, a critical component of the dating method, have now been refined using the well-constrained radiocarbon-based deglaciation history of Whidbey and Fidalgo Islands, Washington. The calculated total production rates due to calcium and potassium are 91±5 atoms 36Cl (g Ca)−1 yr−1 and are 228±18 atoms 36Cl (g K)−1 yr−1, respectively. The calculated ground-level secondary neutron production rate in air, Pf(0), inferred from thermal neutron absorption by 35Cl is 762±28 neutrons (g air)−1 yr−1 for samples with low water content (1–2 wt.%). Neutron absorption by serpentinized harzburgite samples of the same exposure age, having higher water content (8–12 wt.%), is ∼40% greater relative to that for dry samples. These data suggest that existing models do not adequately describe thermalization and capture of neutrons for hydrous rock samples. Calculated 36Cl ages of samples collected from the surfaces of a well-dated dacite flow (10,600–12,800 cal yr B.P.) and three disparate deglaciated localities are consistent with close limiting calibrated 14C ages, thereby supporting the validity of our 36Cl production rates integrated over the last ∼15,500 cal yr between latitudes of 46.5° and 51°N. Although our production rates are internally consistent and yield reasonable exposure ages for other localities, there nevertheless are significant differences between these production rates and those of other investigators.

Serotiny and life history of Pinus contorta var. latifolia

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 938-945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia S. Muir ◽  
James E. Lotan
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Reproductive Effort ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Western Montana ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Selective Pressures ◽  
Area Growth ◽  
History Of

Mature serotinous and nonserotinous trees of Pinus contorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm. in the Bitterroot Watershed of western Montana do not differ in most life-history characteristics (reproductive or vegetative). No differences between trees of the two cone types were found in height, basal area, basal area growth rates over the lives of the trees, or crown ratio. Cone number, weights of individual cones and seeds, and estimates of reproductive effort were similar in serotinous and non-serotinous trees. Reproductive characteristics were either independent of tree age, or related similarly in trees of the two cone types. Nonserotinous trees may, however, have more seeds per cone than serotinous trees. This difference in seed numbers may be adaptive if serotinous trees invest relatively heavily in cone materials to protect seeds (which are retained in cones for many years), while nonserotinous trees (which shed seeds each year) invest relatively heavily in seeds. Trees of the two cone types differ mainly in the particular types of disturbance favoring their regeneration, but they often grow in the same stands where there are similar selective pressures on most aspects of their biology. Gene flow between them probably homogenizes all but those differences maintained by strong selective pressures.

scholarly journals “Equal Rights for all Civilized Men”:

1992 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 376-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael O. West
Keyword(s):  
Equal Rights ◽  
Political Struggle ◽  
Political Skills ◽  
Political Tactics ◽  
History Of ◽  
Southern Rhodesia ◽  
The Right ◽  
Number Of Individuals

SummaryBetween 1924 and 1961 elite Africans in Southern Rhodesia (colonial Zimbabwe) waged a protracted political struggle for the right legally to drink “European” liquor, which had been banned to colonized Africans under the Brussels Treaty of 1890. Refusing to be lumped with the black masses and basing their claim on the notion that there should be “equal rights for all civilized men”, elite Africans argued that they had attained a cultural level comparable to that of the dominant European settlers and should therefore be exempt from the liquor ban. This struggle, which ended successfully in 1961, also highlights other important themes in the history of the emergent African elite in Southern Rhodesia, most notably its political tactics and consciousness. The quest for European liquor helped to hone political skills as well, as a number of individuals who participated in it later became important African nationalist leaders.

scholarly journals Sociocultural and Ecological Dynamics of Green Spaces in Brazzaville (Congo)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Victor Kimpouni ◽  
Jean De Dieu Nzila ◽  
Noël Watha-Ndoudy ◽  
Elodie Charleine Kokolo Bilongo ◽  
Salisou Yallo Mouhamed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Diameter ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
World Health ◽  
History Of ◽  
Local Plants ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Cultural Monuments

The study was conducted in Brazzaville, and data collection covers the period from May to June 2017. The methodology is based on literature review and floristic and equipment inventory. Nine green spaces spread over two out of nine townships in the capital city. Four are located in Bacongo and five in Poto-Poto. According to the classification standards, 5 squares and 4 gardens were studied. Except for one square, all the others, including the gardens, are planted with trees. The equipment inventory lists 183 benches, including 63.83% permanently and/or partially in the sun, 4 playgrounds, no games for children, and 3 cultural monuments. The flora and health of the trees stands shows 186 trees and 279 shrubs, all corresponding to 26 species. An examination of the health status reveals that 57% of trees show anthropogenic injuries. Floral analysis shows that exotic plants (76.92%) predominate over local plants (23.07%). The average basal area of trees in all green spaces is 1.95 m2·ha−1. The diametric structure is erratic within all green spaces, with a dominance of large diameter subjects. This leads to poor natural regeneration of woody plants. The green spaces in Brazzaville, which are very unevenly distributed within the urban fabric, do not meet the international standards disseminated by the World Health Organization (WHO) and do not fully play their biodiversity conservation and recreational and ecological functions. History of green spaces in Brazzaville states that no creation was born after independence. The existing land has been reduced in size, and the new land has been used for other purposes.

Regulating Transportation in New Nonattainment Areas Under the 8-Hour Ozone Standard

2003 ◽  
Vol 1842 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Makler ◽  
Arnold M. Howitt
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Ground Level Ozone ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ambient Air Quality Standard ◽  
Institutional Challenges ◽  
Transportation Agencies

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency promulgated a new National Ambient Air Quality Standard for ground-level ozone in July 1997, beginning a process that (after some litigation-induced delays) will soon lead to the designation of new nonattainment areas that will be subject to the transportation conformity regulations. The history of the 8-h ozone standard is reviewed, the process of designating the boundaries of new nonattainment areas is described, and the types and geographic locations of the new nonattainment areas are suggested. Drawing on previous research, the institutional challenges that will face the new and expanded nonattainment areas are explored. The experiences of Georgia, North Carolina, and Oklahoma in preparing for implementation of the new standard are presented. Finally, several recommendations for transportation agencies involved in implementing the new standards are given.

The Relationship Between Cinnamon Fungus (Phytophthora Cinnamomi) and the Abundance of Antechinus Stuartii (Dasyuridae: Marsupialia) in the Brisbane Ranges, Victoria.

1993 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 251 ◽  
Author(s):  
GR Newell ◽  
BA Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammal ◽  
National Park ◽  
Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽  
Capture Rate ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Structural Level ◽  
Public Land Management ◽  
Water Board ◽  
Antechinus Stuartii ◽  
History Of

The Brisbane Ranges include areas of National Park, water catchment and freehold land that have a history of infection with the pathogen P. cinnamomi since the late 1960s. A systematic survey of the small-mammal fauna of the Brisbane Ranges National Park and the Geelong and District Water Board catchments in relation to the pathogen was carried out in 1987. A. stuartii was the only species trapped regularly. The volume of vegetation to a structural level of 60 cm was significantly lower at sites where P. cinnamomi was present. The abundance of A. stuartii was also significantly lower at sites infected with P. cinnamomi, and a significant relationship is shown between the capture rate of A. stuartii and the volume of vegetation present up to 40 cm above ground level. This work indicates a possible association between P. cinnamomi and populations of A. stuartii, and the relationships between the pathogen, habitat quality and small-mammal distribution are discussed. These findings have implications for public land management and management of fauna in areas prone to infection with P. cinnamomi.

scholarly journals Crystal Arthropathy in the Setting of Total Knee Arthroplasty

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Joseph C. Brinkman ◽  
Kade S. McQuivey ◽  
Justin L. Makovicka ◽  
Joshua S. Bingham
Keyword(s):  
Total Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Joint Infection ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Fracture Dislocation ◽  
Acute Gout ◽  
Orthopedic Surgeons ◽  
History Of ◽  
Total Knee ◽  
Gout Flare

We present a case of an 82-year-old female with a history of right total knee arthroplasty 11 years prior. She was admitted after a ground-level fall and developed progressive pain and swelling of her right knee. She had no history of complications with her total knee replacement. Radiographs of the knee and hip were negative for acute fracture, dislocation, or hardware malalignment. Knee aspiration was performed and revealed inflammatory exudate, synovial fluid consistent with crystal arthropathy, and no bacterial growth. She was diagnosed with an acute gout flare, and her symptoms significantly improved with steroids and anti-inflammatory treatment. Orthopedic surgeons should be aware of the potential for crystal arthropathy in the setting of total joint arthroplasty and evaluate for crystals before treating a presumed periprosthetic joint infection.

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