Microscopy Negative Malaria during a Peak Transmission Season in a Malaria Endemic Setting: Diagnostic Accuracy of RDTs, Expert Microscopy and the Value of Presumptive Treatment

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 239-244
Author(s):  
Charles Odongo ◽  
Peter Wambi ◽  
Jennifer Ajok ◽  
Ian Musinguzi ◽  
Samuel Oluka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Presumptive Treatment ◽  
Transmission Season ◽  
Endemic Setting ◽  
Peak Transmission ◽  
Expert Microscopy

scholarly journals Health education through mass media announcements by loudspeakers about malaria care: prevention and practice among people living in a malaria endemic area of northern Myanmar

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pyae Linn Aung ◽  
Tepanata Pumpaibool ◽  
Than Naing Soe ◽  
Jessica Burgess ◽  
Lynette J. Menezes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intervention Group ◽  
Malaria Prevention ◽  
Care Seeking ◽  
Endemic Region ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Transmission Season ◽  
Baseline Knowledge ◽  
Peak Transmission

Abstract Background Interventions to raise community awareness about malaria prevention and treatment have used various approaches with little evidence on their efficacy. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of loudspeaker announcements regarding malaria care and prevention practices among people living in the malaria endemic villages of Banmauk Township, Sagaing Region, Myanmar. Methods Four villages among the most malaria-burdened areas were randomly selected: two villages were assigned as the intervention group, and two as the control. Prior to the peak transmission season of malaria in June 2018, a baseline questionnaire was administered to 270 participants from randomly selected households in the control and intervention villages. The loudspeaker announcements broadcasted health messages on malaria care and prevention practices regularly at 7:00 pm every other day. The same questionnaire was administered at 6-month post intervention to both groups. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square, and the t-test were utilized to assess differences between and within groups. Results Participants across the control and intervention groups showed similar socio-economic characteristics; the baseline knowledge, attitude and practice mean scores were not significantly different between the groups. Six months after the intervention, improvements in scores were observed at p-value < 0.001 in both groups, however; the increase was greater among the intervention group. The declining trend of malaria was also noticed during the study period. In addition, more than 75% of people expressed positive opinions of the intervention. Conclusions The loudspeaker intervention was found to be feasible and effective, as shown by the significant improvement in scores related to prevention and care-seeking practices for malaria as well as reduced malaria morbidity. Expanding the intervention to a larger population in this endemic region and evaluating its long-term effectiveness are essential in addition to replicating this in other low-resource malaria endemic regions.

scholarly journals Annual Versus Biannual Mass Azithromycin Distribution and Malaria Parasitemia During the Peak Transmission Season Among Children in Niger

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 506-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine E. Oldenburg ◽  
Abdou Amza ◽  
Boubacar Kadri ◽  
Beido Nassirou ◽  
Sun Y. Cotter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Season ◽  
Malaria Parasitemia ◽  
Peak Transmission

scholarly journals Malaria and dengue in Hodeidah city, Yemen: High proportion of febrile outpatients with dengue or malaria, but low proportion co-infected

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0253556
Author(s):  
Rashad Abdul-Ghani ◽  
Mohammed A. K. Mahdy ◽  
Sameer Alkubati ◽  
Abdullah A. Al-Mikhlafy ◽  
Abdullah Alhariri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Presumptive Treatment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Transmission Season ◽  
Laboratory Confirmation ◽  
Malaria Transmission Season ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Probable Infection

Background The emergence of dengue in malaria-endemic countries with limited diagnostic resources, such as Yemen, can be problematic because presumptive treatment of febrile cases as being malaria is a common practice. Co-infections with dengue and malaria are often overlooked and misdiagnosed as being a mono-infection because of clinical similarities. In Hodeidah city, Yemen, the capacity to conduct the diagnosis can be aggravated by the war context. To assess the magnitude of the problem, we determined the proportions of malaria, dengue and co-infection in relation to clinical characteristics among febrile outpatients. Methods This cross-sectional study included 355 febrile outpatients from Hodeidah city during the malaria transmission season (September 2018 –February 2019). Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were collected using a pre-designed, structured questionnaire. Malaria was confirmed using microscopy and rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), while dengue was confirmed using RDTs. Results Mono-infection proportions of 32.4% for falciparum malaria and 35.2% for dengue were found, where about two-thirds of dengue patients had a recent probable infection. However, co-infection with falciparum malaria and dengue was detected among 4.8% of cases. There was no statistically significant difference between having co-infection and mono-infection with malaria or dengue in relation to the sociodemographic characteristics. On the other hand, the odds of co-infection were significantly lower than the odds of malaria among patients presenting with sweating (OR = 0.1, 95% CI: 0.05–0.45; p <0.001), while the odds of co-infection were 3.5 times significantly higher than the odds of dengue among patients presenting with vomiting (OR = 3.5, 95% CI: 1.20–10.04; p <0.021). However, there were no statistically significant differences between having co-infection and mono-infection (malaria or dengue) in relation to other clinical characteristics. Conclusions Mono-infection with malaria or dengue can be detected among about one-third of febrile outpatients in Hodeidah, while almost 5.0% of cases can be co-infected. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics cannot easily distinguish malaria patients from dengue-infected or co-infected ones, reinforcing the necessity of laboratory confirmation and avoidance of treating febrile patients as being presumed malaria cases.

scholarly journals Diagnostic accuracy of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) for screening patients with imported malaria in a non-endemic setting

Parasite ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camille Ponce ◽  
Flora Kaczorowski ◽  
Thomas Perpoint ◽  
Patrick Miailhes ◽  
Alain Sigal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Isothermal Amplification ◽  
Imported Malaria ◽  
Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification ◽  
Endemic Setting

scholarly journals Smallest Anopheles farauti occur during the peak transmission season in the Solomon Islands

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberley McLaughlin ◽  
Tanya L. Russell ◽  
Allan Apairamo ◽  
Hugo Bugoro ◽  
Jance Oscar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Transmission Season ◽  
Anopheles Farauti ◽  
Peak Transmission

scholarly journals Baseline and Impact of First-Year Intervention on Schistosoma haematobium Infection in Seasonal Transmission Foci in the Northern and Central Parts of Côte d’Ivoire

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Nana R. Diakité ◽  
Mamadou Ouattara ◽  
Fidèle K. Bassa ◽  
Jean T. Coulibaly ◽  
Yves-Nathan T. Tian-Bi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Schistosoma Haematobium ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Transmission Season ◽  
Seasonal Transmission ◽  
Côte D'ivoire ◽  
Peak Transmission ◽  
Transmission Foci

In order to assess the impact of different control strategies against Schistosoma haematobium in seasonal transmission foci in Côte d’Ivoire, a three-year cluster randomized trial was implemented. The decrease in S. haematobium prevalence among children aged 9−12 years was the primary outcome. In the first step, an eligibility survey was conducted, subjecting 50 children aged 13−14 years to a single urine filtration. Sixty-four villages with a prevalence of S. haematobium of ≥4% were selected and randomly assigned to four intervention arms consisting of annual mass drug administration (MDA) before (arm 1) and after (arm 2) the peak transmission, biannual treatment with praziquantel before and after the peak transmission season (arm 3), and annual MDA before the peak transmission season, coupled with focal chemical snail control using molluscicides (arm 4). At baseline, we observed a prevalence of 24.8%, 10.1%, 13.9%, and 15.9% in study arms 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. One year after the first intervention, the prevalence decreased in all study arms by about two-thirds or more. The prevalence in arm 2 was lower than in arm 1 (3.5% vs. 8.1%), but the difference was not statistically significant (odds ratio (OR) = 0.42, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.10−1.80). After adjusting for baseline prevalence, arms 1 and 2 performed roughly similarly (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.03, 95% CI = 0.34−3.07). The prevalence in arms 3 and 4 (1.9% and 2.2%) were significantly lower compared to arm 1 in the unadjusted and the adjusted models (arm 3 vs. arm 1, OR = 0.22, 95% CI = 0.05−0.95, aOR = 0.19, 95% CI = 0.08−0.48; arm 4 vs. arm 1, OR = 0.26, 95% CI = 0.08−0.85, aOR = 0.23, 95% CI = 0.06−0.87). The initial intervention showed a significant impact on the prevalence of S. haematobium. It will be interesting to monitor the comparative impact of the different intervention arms and to determine whether the interruption of seasonal transmission of S. haematobium can be achieved in this epidemiological setting within three years.

Clausal Density Between Ages 4 and 9 Years for the Edmonton Narrative Norms Instrument: Reference Data and Psychometric Properties

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Ling-Yu Guo ◽  
Phyllis Schneider ◽  
William Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Language Impairment ◽  
Reference Data ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Criterion Validity ◽  
Likelihood Ratios ◽  
Generation Task ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Purpose This study provided reference data and examined psychometric properties for clausal density (CD; i.e., number of clauses per utterance) in children between ages 4 and 9 years from the database of the Edmonton Narrative Norms Instrument (ENNI). Method Participants in the ENNI database included 300 children with typical language (TL) and 77 children with language impairment (LI) between the ages of 4;0 (years;months) and 9;11. Narrative samples were collected using a story generation task, in which children were asked to tell stories based on six picture sequences. CD was computed from the narrative samples. The split-half reliability, concurrent criterion validity, and diagnostic accuracy were evaluated for CD by age. Results CD scores increased significantly between ages 4 and 9 years in children with TL and those with LI. Children with TL produced higher CD scores than those with LI at each age level. In addition, the correlation coefficients for the split-half reliability and concurrent criterion validity of CD scores were all significant at each age level, with the magnitude ranging from small to large. The diagnostic accuracy of CD scores, as revealed by sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratios, was poor. Conclusions The finding on diagnostic accuracy did not support the use of CD for identifying children with LI between ages 4 and 9 years. However, given the attested reliability and validity for CD, reference data of CD from the ENNI database can be used for evaluating children's difficulties with complex syntax and monitoring their change over time. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.13172129

1956: Does Increasing the Number of Cores of Prostate Biopsy Improve Diagnostic Accuracy? Indications and Morbidity

2007 ◽  
Vol 177 (4S) ◽  
pp. 649-649
Author(s):  
Ponnambalam Chandrasekar ◽  
Jeremy Raynard ◽  
Abdul Sayed ◽  
Faiyaz Kapasi ◽  
Jaspal S. Virdi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Prostate Biopsy
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