Distribution and Carcinogenicity of PCBs in Soil Contaminated with Transformer Oil in Selected Locations in Jos, Plateau State Nigeria

Soil from the vicinity of transformers installation in different locations in Jos, Plateau State was investigated for Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs). The assessment was carried out for both total PCBs and congeners using Agilent 6975 GC-MS in ten different locations. The soil samples were extracted with 1:1 hexane- acetone in an ultrasonic bath, concentrated and cleaned with column chromatography using silica gel and hexane as eluting solvent. The result shows five locations were polluted with PCBs that exceed the maximum limit of 2.0mg/kg as permitted by the United States Toxic Substance Control Act (TSCA) with the following values NGS 1 (14.25), NGS 3 (4.47), NGS 6 (9.48), NGS 9 (8.21) and NGS 10 (5.05) while the others have NGS 2 (0.64), NGS 4 (1.85), NGS 5 (0.83), NGS 7 (0.95) in mg/kg respectively, NGS 8 value was below the instrument detection limit (0.0012mg/kg). The order for the total PCBs concentration in these selected locations are NGS 1 > NGS 6 > NGS 9 > NGS 10 > NGS 3 > NGS 4 > NGS 7 > NGS 5 > NGS 2. The carcinogenicity of the dioxin-like PCBs calculated as total toxicity equivalence concentration (TTEC) in these selected locations corresponds to NGS 1 (0.00001), NGS 2 (0.0000051), NGS 3 (0.0000054), NGS 4 (0.0000051), NGS 6 (0.0000063), NGS 7 (0.0000078), NGS 9 (0.0000051) and NGS 10 (0.0000051) respectively. The total cancer risk computed by addition of cancer risk due to ingestion, inhalation and dermal contact revealed that all the locations have very low to low cancer risk compared with the value recommended by the United State.

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Evaluation of Harmful Substances and Health Risk Assessment of Mercury and Arsenic in Cosmetic Brands in Nigeria

International Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.5539/ijc.v8n1p178 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 178 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

John Kanayochukwu Nduka ◽

Isaac Omoche Odiba ◽

Eruemrejovwo Inspector Aghoghome ◽

Ngozi Lilian Umedum ◽

Maduabuchi Joseph Nwosu

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

Cancer Risk ◽

Health Risk ◽

Health Risk Assessment ◽

Environmental Protection Agency ◽

Human Health Risk ◽

The United States ◽

Department Stores ◽

Two Samples ◽

Total Cancer

Forty two different cosmetic samples consisting of 16 facial cosmetics, 6 soaps, 1 shower gel, 12 emulsions, 2 underarm cosmetics, 3 nail cosmetics and 2 perfumes were purchased from department stores and cosmetic shops within Onitsha Main Market and Eke-Awka in Anambra, Nigeria. Seven of these cosmetic (16.67%) were locally manufactured in Nigeria while thirty five (83.33%) were imported into Nigeria. The cosmetics were ashed before digestion and filtration. The filtrates were assayed for mercury and arsenic with AAS SearchTech AA320N. Hydroquinone presence was identified by chromatographic test while steroids, nitrite and N-nitrosamines were identified by colour test and together were assayed by UV-spectrophotometer (Spectrulab 21). The health risk assessment methods developed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) were employed to explore the potential human health risk of Mercury and Arsenic in cosmeticsamples. Results showed that two (2) of the cosmetic samples contained mercury ( 0.003 + 0.000mg/kg and 0.07 + 0.00mg/kg) while three cosmetic samples contained arsenic (0.002 + 0.000, 0.002+0.000 and 0.005 +0.000 mg/kg). Hydroquinone concentration ranged from 1.14 + 0.00 – 1.83 + 0.03 mg/kg (1.14E-02 – 1.83E-02 %).Steroid was found in only two samples with concentration of 16.70 + 0.74 mg/kg and 17.63 + 0.74 while N-nitrosamines and nitrite occurred in nine and eleven samples in the range of 4.66 + 0.09 – 43.52 + 0.47 and 0.87 + 0.02 – 13.42 + 2.90 respectively. The total cancer and non-cancer risk results indicated that although the chances of cancer risk and non-cancer risk resulting from the use of these cosmetic products were unlikely, build up of these heavy metals overtime on continuous usage could be detrimental.

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Prevalence of Hepatitis B among School Adolescents in Jos, Plateau State Nigeria

TEXILA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH ◽

10.21522/tijph.2013.06.04.art006 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 54-60

Author(s):

Mary Mathew

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B ◽

Jos Plateau ◽

Plateau State

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Prediction of 10-year and lifetime risk of cancer in individual patients with established cardiovascular disease, results from UCC-SMART and CANTOS

European Heart Journal ◽

10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.2815 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽

Author(s):

C.C Van 't Klooster ◽

P.M Ridker ◽

N.R Cook ◽

J.G.J.V Aerts ◽

J Westerink ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Lung Cancer ◽

Cancer Risk ◽

Prediction Models ◽

Funding Source ◽

Cancer Models ◽

Total Cancer ◽

The Cantos ◽

Risk Of Cancer

Abstract Background As treatment for cardiovascular disease (CVD) has improved substantially over the last decades, more patients survive acute CVD manifestations and are at risk for developing cancer as well as recurrent CVD. Due to similar risk factors, including smoking and obesity, patients with established CVD are at higher risk for cancer. Objectives The aim of this study was to develop and externally validate prediction models for the estimation of 10-year and lifetime risk for total, colorectal, and lung cancer in patients with established CVD. Methods Data from patients with established CVD from the UCC-SMART prospective cohort study (N=7,280) were used for model development, and data from the CANTOS trial (N=9,322) were used for model validation. Predictors were selected based on previously published cancer risk prediction models or cancer risk factors, easy clinical availability, and availability in the derivation dataset (UCC-SMART cohort). A Fine and Gray competing risk-adjusted lifetime model was developed for total, colorectal, and lung cancer. Results Selected predictors were age, sex, smoking status, weight, height, alcohol use, antiplatelet use, diabetes mellitus, and C-reactive protein. External calibration for 4-year risks of the total cancer, colorectal cancer, and lung cancer models was good (Figure 1), and C-statistics were 0.63–0.74 in the CANTOS trial population. Median predicted lifetime risks in CANTOS were 26% (range 1%-52%) for total cancer, 4% (range 0%-13%) for colorectal cancer, and 5% (range 0%-37%) for lung cancer. Conclusions Lifetime and 10-year risk of cancer can be estimated with easy to measure variables in patients with established CVD, showing a wide distribution of predicted lifetime risks for total cancer and lung cancer. Using these lifetime models in clinical practice could increase understanding of cancer risk and aid in emphasizing healthy lifestyle changes. Figure 1. Calibration plots of cancer models Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Public hospital(s). Main funding source(s): University Medical Center; Additional funding: CANTOS trial was funded by Novartis Pharmaceuticals.

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Photosensitizing Medications and Skin Cancer: A Comprehensive Review

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers13102344 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (10) ◽

pp. 2344

Author(s):

Elisabeth A. George ◽

Navya Baranwal ◽

Jae H. Kang ◽

Abrar A. Qureshi ◽

Aaron M. Drucker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skin Cancer ◽

Cancer Risk ◽

Cell Carcinoma ◽

The United States ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Cancer Risk Factors ◽

Skin Cancer Risk ◽

Number Of Patients

(1) The incidence of skin cancer is increasing in the United States (US) despite scientific advances in our understanding of skin cancer risk factors and treatments. In vitro and in vivo studies have provided evidence that suggests that certain photosensitizing medications (PSMs) increase skin cancer risk. This review summarizes current epidemiological evidence on the association between common PSMs and skin cancer. (2) A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify meta-analyses, observational studies and clinical trials that report on skin cancer events in PSM users. The associated risks of keratinocyte carcinoma (squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma) and melanoma are summarized, for each PSM. (3) There are extensive reports on antihypertensives and statins relative to other PSMs, with positive and null findings, respectively. Fewer studies have explored amiodarone, metformin, antimicrobials and vemurafenib. No studies report on the individual skin cancer risks in glyburide, naproxen, piroxicam, chlorpromazine, thioridazine and nalidixic acid users. (4) The research gaps in understanding the relationship between PSMs and skin cancer outlined in this review should be prioritized because the US population is aging. Thus the number of patients prescribed PSMs is likely to continue to rise.

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