Morphological and Molecular Identification of Passalurus Ambiguus Rudolphi, 1819 in Domestic Rabbits (Oryctolagus Cuniculus) in Qena Governorate, Upper Egypt

Domestic rabbits in Egypt are used commercially for meat, but gastrointestinal disorders can affect production. Passalurus ambiguus is an intestinal parasite that infects the rabbit causing intestinal problems and death in severe cases. The present study collected domestic rabbits from several locations tgroughout the Qena Governorate in Upper Egypt. Passalurus ambiguus worms were detected in 90 out of 200 rabbits (45%). They were described morphologically using light and scanning electron microscopy. Males measured 4.622 mm (2.838–7.172 mm) in length and 0.278 mm (0.139–0.558 mm) in width. Females measured 5.622 mm (2.347–9.532 mm) in length, 0.314 mm, and (0.185–0.381 mm) in width. Phylogenetic results confirmed the identification of the worms as Passalurus ambiguus. They appeared as small white nodules in the appendix of the rabbits examined. Histopathologically, a heavy worm burden was observed inside the appendiceal lumen, among crypts, and inside the lymphoid follicles. The heavy worm infestation leads to hyperplasia in the epithelial lining of the appendix and the follicles resulting in lumen obstruction. Granulomatous reactions were induced due to irritation and injury by the worm. It could be concluded that morphological features, molecular phylogenetic data, and histopathological findings clearly identified the present species as as Passalurus ambiguus Rudolphi, 1819.

Public Health Problems associated with Informal Settlements around Waterfront Communities in Port Harcourt, Nigeria

Port Harcourt municipality, southern Nigeria, is faced with environmental problems with slums and informal settlements communities, ranging from use of poor and overstressed facilities and inadequate water and electricity supplies and lack appropriate garbage disposal facilities and good drainage systems resulting in perennial flooding due to blocked drainage systems resulting in a number of diseases, such as malaria, diarrhea, cold and cough. Communities are densely populated, with more than five people living in a room. Therefore this study was carried out to assess the public health status of slums/ informal settlements in Port Harcourt Municipality in Rivers state. The study utilized a mixed-method approach. A cross-sectional survey questionnaire and in-depth interview were used to collect data. A total of 180 Questionnaires were distributed across the five (5) selected waterfronts communities in the survey and key informants were interviewed to obtain detailed information about the status of the various communities in the Informal settlements studied. The results of the study revealed that the most prevalent illnesses in all Slums/Informal Settlements were malaria, typhoid, dysentery, diarrhea, coughing, worm infestation, and skin infection. The prevalence rate of infectious disease recorded for all slums/Informal settlements show that Malaria had 15-17%; Typhoid fever14-16%, Diarrhea 11-13%, Dysentery 12-14%, Cough 5-10%, Worm infestation 8-11% and Skin infections 2-4%. However, Malaria remains the foremost killer disease in Nigeria. It accounts for over 25% of under 5 mortality, 30% childhood mortality and 11% maternal mortality. These results suggest that people living in slums are predisposed to severe outbreak of epidemics, therefore requires an urgent attention for comprehensive interventions from the government and other organizations to strengthen existing programs to improve the public health and quality of life of this vulnerable population.

Ekstrak Antosianin Dari Ubi Ungu (Ipomoea Batatas L.) Sebagai Pewarna Alami Pada Pemeriksaan Soil Transmitted Helminths (STH) Metode Natif (Direct Slide)

Helminthiasis is a worm infestation caused by several different species of intestinal parasitic worms. This group of worms belongs to the category of Soil Transmitted Helminth (STH) because the process of developing eggs or larvae of these species requires soil to develop into an infective form. The simplest method of examining intestinal nematode worm eggs is the Native Method using 2% Eosin reagent in observing various elements of the examination on the preparations/preparations. Eosin itself has properties that are not easily biodegradable, and generates hazardous waste (toxic) and flammable so that alternative coloring is needed that is more environmentally friendly. Purple sweet potato has a high content of anthocyanin pigments and is more stable than the pigments of strawberries, red cabbage, perilla and other plants. Thus, purple sweet potato has been considered a good source of anthocyanins. This study aims to determine the use of anthocyanin extract from purple sweet potato as a natural dye substitute for eosin dye in the identification of STH in the native method. Parameters observed in the preparations were the quality of visual field contrast, color absorption on the surface of the parasite, and the level of clarity of the appearance of the parasite. The results showed that the use of anthocyanin extract from purple sweet potato at a concentration of 80% could color the eggs of STH worms which were found in positive samples of Ascaris lumbricoides seen in fertile (fertilized eggs) and infertile (unfertilized eggs). Therefore, the anthocyanin extract obtained from purple sweet potato has potential as an alternative dye to replace eosin.

Buchholzia coriacea: AN OFTEN NEGLECTED AFRICAN PLANT WITH MULTIFARIOUS ETHNOPHARMACOTHERAPEUTIC POTENTIALS

The evergreen shrub Buchholzia coriacea (Wonderful cola), which belongs to the Capparidaceae family, is found in Cameroon, Central African Republic, Gabon, Congo, Angola, Nigeria, and Ghana, among other places. Diarrhea, malaria, rheumatism, ulcers, worm infestation, asthma and cough, diabetes, hypertension, mental problems, and impotence were among the conditions for which traditional medicine believed it to be a useful alternative treatment. Some of its ethnomedicinal knowledge had been ethnopharmacologically verified and published in scientific publications. As a result, the emphasis of this study is on a current evaluation of its verified ethnomedicinal activities, which will serve as a research horizon for current and future academics.

Response of Some Soyabean Genotypes to Spraying with Potassium Silicate and Its effect on Yield and its Components, as Well as on Pod Worm Infestation Rate

A field experiments were conducted at Mallawy Agric. station, (latitude of 28 N, longitude of 30 E and altitude of 49 m above sea level), El-Minia Governorate, Egypt, during two successive growing seasons (2019 /2020) to study the effect of different concentrations of potassium silicate (P.Si), 0,3,6 and 9cm3/L foliar spray, under four soyabean genotypes, i.e. Giza 111, Giza22, Line3(H3L119 selected from Giza82) and Line7(H4L130 selected from Giza83) on yield ,its attributes and seed chemical analysis as well as pod warm infestation. The results indicated that, in both seasons foliar spraying of potassium silicate had highly significant effect on all studied character except seed index (S.I.). The concentration (6 cm3/L.) gave the highest values of seed yield (S.Y./F.) at 31.8 and 31.2% in the two seasons, respectively, as compared to control, as well as decreased the pod worm infestation (P.W.%) by 64.85% average both seasons. In the other hand Giza 22 surpassed the other genotypes regarding most characters, also the interaction between potassium silicate and soyabean genotypes had significant effect for all studied traits in both seasons, except seed weight/plant(S.W.) in the first season, the best values for all traits were obtained by foliar spraying of potassium silicate(6 cm3/L.) with Giza 22, furthermore the interaction ships among seed yield and its attributes through simple correlation( r) and regression(b) analysis were evaluated. Regarding correlation coefficients the seed yield was positively and significantly correlated with number of seeds /plant (No.S/P), number of pods plant-1 (No.p/p), Seed weight/ plant and seed index A strong correlation of seed yield with these traits indicated that, simultaneous improvement of these traits is possible. These findings indicate that selection for each of number of seeds plant-1, number of pods plant-1, seed weight/ plant and 1000-seed weight would be accompanied by high yielding ability under such conditions. Also, the seed yield was positively and significantly correlated with quantity traits Protein percent, oil percent, chlorophyl a (chl,a) + b (chl,b) and carotin(crt.), using silicon may be involved in cell elongation and/or cell division. negative and significant correlations were observed between seed yield (ton/fed.) and each of Infestation pods (P.W.%) and seeds (S.W.%) with pod worm percent. Decrease in these traits will ultimately Increase the seed yield. Regression procedure indicated that 6cm3/L. of potassium silicate gave the highest yield and yield components and reduce the pod worm infestation.

Macroscopic and Microscopic Identification in Native Chicken (Gallus domesticus) Organ with Helminthiasis

The native chickens collected from the Blimbing Malang Market were found with a state of lethargy and diarrhea. Native chickens were dissected to find out pathological abnormalities that occurred in the chicken's body by carrying out physical examinations and histopathological examinations. Based on the results of observations and examinations carried out both macroscopically and microscopically after necropsy chickens, the organs of chickens that have pathological abnormalities are the duodenum, jejunum and pulmo. The duodenum and jejunum had nematode infestations which showed villi erosion, hemorrhage, liquefactive necrosis, and inflammatory cell infiltration. Pulmo had hemorrhagic parabronchii, atelectasis of blood capillaries, cloudy swelling, and congestion of blood vessels. The visible abnormality of the small intestine organ damage leads to chicken disease to nematode worm infestation.

Gambaran Profil dan Infeksi Cacing Usus pada Pekerja di Tiga Rumah Potong Hewan Provinsi Riau

Background: Intestinal worm infestation is still a health problem in Indonesia that is often neglected. This disease is chronic in nature and is strongly influenced by factors of environmental hygiene and sanitation. Slaughterhouses are places where animals in the form of cows, goat/ sheep and pigs are slaughtered to be distributed to meat sellers or to reataurants. This study aims to determine the profil description and incidence of intestinal worm infestations in workers in three slaughterhouses in Riau Province.Methods: This study was a cross-sectional descriptive study in August – October 2020 in three slaughterhouses in Riau Province ( Pekanbaru, Duri and Dumai city). Stool examination was carried out using the Kato Katz Method at the Parasitology Laboratory Medical Faculty, Universitas Riau. Result: Do A total 37 workers who were examined found 35 men, age range 21 – 30 yo as much as 38% with latest education 46% was high school, length of work 1 – 5 years as much as 57% and as much as 41% have normal nutriotional status. Six workers found positive for intestinal worm infections (16%), there were three hookworm infections and one each to Trichuris trichiura, Oxyuris vermicularis and Hymenolepis diminuta.Conclusion : There were still intestinal worm infections among workers in the three slaughterhouses. Intestinal worm infection usually occurs in children and rarely occurs in adults and if it occurs in adults this may be due to poor hygiene and sanitation of the slaughterhouse workers.