scholarly journals Common Sources of Pre-, Peri- and Post Surgical Site Infections (SSI) in Dogs during Clinical Students’ Surgical Practice

2020 ◽  
pp. 16-24
Author(s):  
A. S. Yakubu ◽  
N. N. Pilau
Keyword(s):  
Micrococcus Luteus ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Skin Defect ◽  
Defect Correction ◽  
Veterinary Students ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Important Complication ◽  
Animal Surgery ◽  
Klebsiella Spp

Surgical site infections (SSI) are important complication of Veterinary surgery. Pre, intra-, and post-surgical procedures are considered to be associated with SSI. An attempt to characterize veterinary SSI in small animal surgery practical was made. 15 dogs were grouped into 5 groups (with each group consisting of 3 dogs), in which skin-defect correction, caudectomy, cystotomy, orchidectomy, or ovariohysterectomy were performed by veterinary students under the guidance of qualified surgeons. Blood samples were obtained pre- and post-surgery. 120 swabs were taken from the following sites; students’ or surgeons’ hands (pre-/post-scrubbing), surgical tables, dog skin, random areas on surgical packs, kennels, and floors of surgical theatre. The microorganisms isolated were as follows; Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella spp, Micrococcus luteus, Enterobacter spp, and Bacillus subtilis, with Klebsiella being the highest. Leukocytosis, neutrophilia, monocytosis, increased bands, leukocytopenia, neutropenia, and lymphopenia were observed, with all being signs of infection. This study showed that the sources of SSI were numerous, including the followings; the dogs’ skin microflora, the students’ hands, surgical theater, surgical team, and the kennel. Proper scrubbing techniques should be adopted and maintained. The sterile field created should be kept and proper disinfection of the kennel should be ensured before returning the dogs after surgery.

scholarly journals Retrospective Study of Infection Rate in Small Animal Surgery – of UBASMV Timișoara (2007-2017)

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 231
Author(s):  
Cornel IGNA ◽  
Daniel BUMB ◽  
Bogdan SICOE ◽  
Larisa SCHUSZLER ◽  
Cristian ZAHA
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Prophylaxis ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Important Concern ◽  
Baseline Information ◽  
Wound Classification ◽  
Animal Surgery ◽  
Clean Contaminated ◽  
Surgical Clinic

Surgical site infections (SSIs) remain an important concern in veterinary practice. The purpose of this work was to determine the SSIs rate in the Surgery Clinic of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Timișoara and to correlate SSIs incidence with surgical wound classification by degree of contamination and with the use of antimicrobial prophylaxis and / or applied therapy. Records of all animals operated on between 2007 and 2017 were closely checked for development of postoperative wound infection and were reviewed. The rate of surgical site infection was 0.77%, and by categories was 0.70% in clean surgeries, 0.15% in clean-contaminated surgeries, 1.76% in contaminated surgeries, and 1.08% in infected surgeries. Baseline information for SSIs surveillance in our surgical clinic and for comparison with other studies was defined. SSIs frequency in companion animals in our service is comparable with the frequency observed in another studies.

scholarly journals CIPROFLOXACIN AND STREPTOMYCIN AS DRUGS OF CHOICE IN TREATMENT OF SURGICAL SITE INFECTIONS IN MAIDUGURI

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
AKANMU AO ◽  
◽  
ANONDE CE ◽  
BALOGUN ST ◽  
PAUL LM ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Antibacterial Agents ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Klebsiella Spp

Background: Surgical site infections (SSIs) are medical events that have direct unintended consequences on patients. They often result in increased hospitalization and a greater number of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. In Maiduguri, they are a major source of post-operative illness among hospitalized patients. Hence, it is important to determine the scope of bacteria involvement and identify suitable antibacterial agents for effective treatment. Objectives: The study was designed to determine the prevalence of SSIs in patients with surgical wounds, determine the antibiogram of the bacteria involved and drug of choice in the treatment of SSIs. Methodology: The study design was cross-sectional using the qualitative approach. Patients with surgically created wounds infected (>30 days post-surgery) were enrolled between April and May 2018 at UMTH following informed consent. Swab samples were aseptically collected from the patients. The isolation and identification of bacterial isolates were done by cultural, microscopic and biochemical characterization. The antibiogram of the bacterial isolates was determined using disc diffusion method. Appropriate statistical tools were used. Results: A total of 70 patients with surgically created wounds were enrolled. The prevalence of SSIs in patients with surgically created wounds was 95.7% (67/70). Three bacterial species were identified with S. aureus accounting for the highest proportion of 68.7% (46/67) while Klebsiella spp was (19.4 %, 13/67) and E. coli was (11.9 %, 8/67) [p<0.05]. Ciprofloxacin had the highest proportion of sensitivity against S. aureus isolates with a value of 87 %. Streptomycin is the most sensitive drug against the Gram negative organisms isolated with a sensitivity of 87.5 % and 85 % for E. coli and Klebsiella spp., respectively. Conclusions: These findings suggest that there is a high prevalence of SSIs in patients with surgically created wounds seen at UMTH. Ciprofloxacin and streptomycin are suitable antibacterial agents in the treatment of the condition and this could contribute to effective treatment of patients with SSIs.

scholarly journals Contamination of Gloved Hands by Multidrug Resistant Bacteria ‎During Small Animal Surgery Wet-labs and its Potential Implication for ‎Occurrence of Surgical Site Infections

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 46-51
Author(s):  
S. T. Muhammad ◽  
P. H. Mamman ◽  
M. Abdurrahman ◽  
A. A. Bada ◽  
C. A. Awasum
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Potential Implication ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Wet Lab ◽  
Animal Surgery

This study was carried out to evaluate the level of asepsis at various stages of the surgical procedures during the undergraduate students’ wet-lab sessions. Skin and/or wound swabs were collected from different wet lab groups, sessions and stages. The swabs were processed for bacteriological isolation using standard microbiological procedures. A total of 62 isolates of bacteria belonging to 8 genera: Staphylococcus (n=38), Streptococcus (n=1), Corynebacterium n=4), Escherichia (n=7), Proteus (n=8), Klebsiella (n=2), Serratia (n=1) and Acinetobacter (1), were isolated. The most commonly isolated species of bacteria were Staphylococcus equorum (n=31) and Proteus spp. (n=7), which were detected in swabs from ungloved and gloved hands of surgeon and his assistant, patient’s surgical sites and surgical site infections. All the isolates (Gram-positive and negative) were resistant to at least one antibiotic with resistance to the β-lactam antibiotics: ampicillin (89.3% and 100% and amoxicillin (75% and 100%) most observed. The bacteria were more susceptible to doxycycline (75%) and imipenem (87.5%) respectively. Majority of the isolates (83.3%, n=30) were multidrug resistant, presenting in one of 24 different multidrug resistance patterns. The detection of these bacteria from the normally aseptic surgical procedure indicates a break in asepsis. Similarly, the danger of spreading multidrug resistant bacteria to the surgical wounds may result in wound infection, dehiscence, delayed healing and increased cost of post-surgical management. It is recommended that adherence to stringent pre-surgical and intra-surgical asepsis should be observed.

scholarly journals CIPROFLOXACIN AND STREPTOMYCIN AS DRUGS OF CHOICE IN TREATMENT OF SURGICAL SITE INFECTIONS IN MAIDUGURI

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Akanmu AO ◽  
◽  
Anonde CE ◽  
Balogun ST ◽  
Paul LM ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Antibacterial Agents ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Klebsiella Spp

Background: Surgical site infections (SSIs) are medical events that have direct unintended consequences on patients. They often result in increased hospitalization and a greater number of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. In Maiduguri, they are a major source of post-operative illness among hospitalized patients. Hence, it is important to determine the scope of bacteria involvement and identify suitable antibacterial agents for effective treatment. Objectives: The study was designed to determine the prevalence of SSIs in patients with surgical wounds, determine the antibiogram of the bacteria involved and drug of choice in the treatment of SSIs. Methodology: The study design was cross-sectional using the qualitative approach. Patients with surgically created wounds infected (>30 days post-surgery) were enrolled between April and May 2018 at UMTH following informed consent. Swab samples were aseptically collected from the patients. The isolation and identification of bacterial isolates were done by cultural, microscopic and biochemical characterization. The antibiogram of the bacterial isolates was determined using disc diffusion method. Appropriate statistical tools were used. Results: A total of 70 patients with surgically created wounds were enrolled. The prevalence of SSIs in patients with surgically created wounds was 95.7% (67/70). Three bacterial species were identified with S. aureus accounting for the highest proportion of 68.7% (46/67) while Klebsiella spp was (19.4 %, 13/67) and E. coli was (11.9 %, 8/67) [p<0.05]. Ciprofloxacin had the highest proportion of sensitivity against S. aureus isolates with a value of 87 %. Streptomycin is the most sensitive drug against the Gram negative organisms isolated with a sensitivity of 87.5 % and 85 % for E. coli and Klebsiella spp., respectively. Conclusions: These findings suggest that there is a high prevalence of SSIs in patients with surgically created wounds seen at UMTH. Ciprofloxacin and streptomycin are suitable antibacterial agents in the treatment of the condition and this could contribute to effective treatment of patients with SSIs.

scholarly journals Efficiency of Enzymatic Debridement in the Healing Process of Chronic Wounds in Small Animal Practice

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Hamilton ◽  
M. Kožár
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Wounds ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Skin Defect ◽  
Skin Wounds ◽  
Macroscopic Appearance ◽  
Enzyme Preparations ◽  
Chronic Skin ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Enzymatic Debridement

Abstract Skin wounds are a common presentation in small animal practice. These wounds may be acute or chronic with a complicated healing process. An important aspect of the healing of wounds is debridement which may be carried out by surgical, autolytic, mechanical or enzymatic methods. The debridement method is chosen according to the individual skin defect and influenced by factors such as wound size and location, the age of the wound, and the presence of infection or exudate. Enzymatic debridement is a method that is not commonly used in veterinary practice, and involves the use of enzyme preparations to remove necrotic tissue from a wound. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the enzymatic ointment collagenase as a method of debridement, and its effect on the macroscopic appearance of chronic skin wounds in cats and dogs. We observed that the application of Iruxol Mono directly to the wound changes the progress of the healing process, with no obvious adverse effects. The time of healing of chronic wounds was decreased and healthy granulation tissue was developed within a couple of days after application of the ointment. Enzymatic debridement appears to be a promising method of debridement for use in chronic wounds, and should be considered in cases where more conventional methods of debridement are ineffective or unsuitable.

Use of drains in small animal surgery

In Practice ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-81
Author(s):  
John Williams ◽  
Dawn McHugh ◽  
Richard White
Keyword(s):  
Small Animal ◽  
Animal Surgery
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