scholarly journals Kinetic Study on Biogas Production from Cabbage (Brassica oleracea) Waste and Its Blend with Animal Manure Using Logistic Function Model

2021 ◽  
pp. 34-43
Author(s):  
Christian C. Opurum
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Kinetic Parameters ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Logistic Function ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Function Model ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Significant Difference

This research paper aimed to evaluate the kinetics of anaerobic digestion (AD) of mixtures of cabbage waste (CW) with (Poultry dropping (PD) and Cow dung (CD). The study was conducted in 10L bio-digesters for 35 days under mesophilic conditions (25 - 35OC). Logistic function equation was used to simulate the experimental data to test for its goodness of fit and kinetic parameters namely: maximum biogas potential (Pb), the maximum biogas production rate (Rm), and the lag phase duration (λ) were estimated in each treatment. Chemical analysis showed that individual substrates possess characteristics that could support microbial activities in biogas production. The biogas yield in terms of added  volatile solids (VS) in decreasing order was as follows: 0.022, 0.018, 0.017, 0.014, 0.014 and 0.013 dm3/g VS for CW/CD 2:1, CW/PD3:1, CW/CD 1:1, CW alone, CW/PD1:1 and  CW/PD 2:1, respectively. A significant difference (P ≤ 0.05) in biogas yield was recorded in CW/CD 2:1 with 7.19 dm3 (53.29% increase). The kinetic parameters (Pb, Rm, and λ) for CW/CD 2:1 was 7.01 dm3, 1.58 dm3.d, and 2.29 days, respectively. This was followed by CW/PD 3:1 (5.84 dm3); with 24.92% increase in gas production and CW/CD 1:1 (5.42 dm3) with 15.53% increase relative to CW alone, 4.69 dm3. The digesters fed with CW/PD 1:1 and CW/PD 2:1 exhibited inhibitory effects on biogas production, with 7.51 and 2.05% decrease in gas yield, respectively. The logistic function model demonstrated a strong relationship between the experimental and model-predicted data. The high correlation coefficient (R2) ranging between 0.978 - 0.993 is evident. The model proved to be a useful tool in predicting anaerobic digestion and biogas production process.

scholarly journals Modelling of Biphasic Biogas Production Process from Mixtures of Livestock Manure Using Bi-logistic Function and Modified Gompertz Equation

2021 ◽  
pp. 116-129
Author(s):  
Christian C. Opurum ◽  
Christian O. Nweke ◽  
Christopher E. Nwanyanwu ◽  
Nkemakolam A. Nwogu
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Logistic Function ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Organic Substrates ◽  
Livestock Manure ◽  
Function Model ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Significant Difference

In this study, anaerobic digestion (AD) of three livestock manure: (poultry manure (PM), pig dung (PD), and cow dung (CD) was conducted at different mixed ratios under mesophilic (25-35°C) conditions. Two kinetic models, the modified Gompertz and bi-logistic function model were used to simulate the cumulative biogas yield from the experiments, and model parameters simultaneously obtained. The biogas production profile appeared diauxic-like or biphasic with multiple peaks, revealing the complexity and multi-component nature of the substrates. There was an increase in biogas yield from the treatments, PD/CD 1:1; 37.25 dm3 (3.47%), PD/CD 3:1; 38.41 dm3 (6.96%), CD/PM 1:1; 26.76 dm3 (16.80%) and CD/PM 3:1 24.31 dm3 (6.11%), whereas PD/CD 2:1 (15.41 dm3) and CD/PM 2:1 (22.57 dm3) exhibited inhibitory effect. However, statistical analysis (ANOVA) indicated a significant difference in biogas yield from PD alone (36 dm3) compared to CD alone (22.91 dm3). The two models showed good performance in the simulation of the AD process, with high correlation coefficients, an indication of a very strong relationship between experimental data and model parameters. However, the bi-logistic function model showed a better fit in the simulation of the experimental values, as it was able to capture the curves in the plots, with a higher correlation coefficient R2 (0.9920 - 0.9985) than the modified Gompertz model (0.9797 - 0.9968). This work has shown that the phenomenon of diauxic growth in the anaerobic digestion of complex organic substrates could be captured quantitatively in the kinetic model using bi-logistic function model.

scholarly journals Kinetics of Diauxic Biogas Production from Energy Crops: Sunflower (Helianthus annus) and Napier Grass (Pennisetum purpureum) with Animal Manure

2021 ◽  
pp. 48-58
Author(s):  
Christian C. Opurum ◽  
Christian O. Nweke ◽  
Christopher E. Nwanyanwu ◽  
Nkemakolam A. Nwogu
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Parameters ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Logistic Function ◽  
Energy Crops ◽  
Napier Grass ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Function Model ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Kinetics Of

This study evaluated the kinetics of diauxic-like pattern of biogas production from energy crops, Sunflower (SF) and Napier grass (NG) with cow dung (CD). The tests were performed in a batch reactor (R) operation for 60 days in R1 - R4 and 53 days in R5 - R8 under mesophilic conditions (24 - 36OC). The characteristics of the tested energy crops suggest that they hold prospects for bioenergy production. The cumulative biogas yield/gVS showed that the best performance was R1 with a biogas yield of 15.17 dm3 (0.046 dm3/gVS) followed by R3, 13.90 dm3 (0.041 dm3/gVS) and R2, 11.01dm3 (0.032 dm3/gVS). A significant difference (P ≤ 0.05) in biogas yield was found in the reactors charged with SF/CD as against SF only. In the reactors that exhibited biphasic biogas production profile, two (2) kinetic parameters, K1 and K2 were determined by the bi-logistic function model. It was observed that the predicted values in the second phase (K2) of biogas production were considerably higher than the first phase (K1) in R2 - R5 as opposed to R6 - R8, which implies more biogas yield in phase 2 than phase 1. The results indicate that anaerobic digestion of SF and NG had a strong positive influence on biogas yield, BP, PR and λ1 but not for λ2. The bi-logistic function model suitably fitted the experimental data with a high correlation coefficient (R2) in the range of 0.986 - 0.997. Based on the kinetic parameters, the bi-logistic function model is well suited for the simulation of diauxic-like biogas production process.

scholarly journals Biogas Production from Combined Irish Potato and Poultry Wastes: Optimization and Kinetic Studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.36) ◽  
pp. 170
Author(s):  
Umar M. Ibrahim ◽  
Saeed I. Ahmed ◽  
Babagana Gutti ◽  
Idris M. Muhammad ◽  
Usman D. Hamza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Kinetic Parameters ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Irish Potato ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Potato Waste ◽  
Initial Ph

The combination of Irish potato waste (IPW) and poultry waste (PW) can form a synergy resulting into an effective substrate for a better biogas production due to some materials they contain. In this work, optimization and kinetic study of biogas production from anaerobic digestion of IPW and PW was investigated. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize conditions such as initial pH, solids concentrations and waste ratios. The anaerobic digestion of the two wastes was carried out in the mesophilic condition and Box-Behnken design (BBD) was used to develop and analyze a predictive model which describes the biogas yield. The results revealed that there is a good fit between the experimental and the predicted biogas yield as revealed by the coefficient of determination (R2) value of 97.93%. Optimization using quadratic RSM predicts biogas yield of 19.75% at the optimal conditions of initial pH value 7.28, solids concentration (w/v) 9.85% and waste ratio (IPW:PW) 45:55%. The reaction was observed to have followed a first order kinetics having R2 and relative squared error (RSE) values of 90.61 and 9.63% respectively. Kinetic parameters, such as rate constant and half-life of the biogas yield were evaluated at optimum conditions to be 0.0392 day-1 and 17.68 days respectively. The optimum conditions and kinetic parameters generated from this research can be used to design real bio-digesters, monitor substrate concentrations, simulate biochemical processes and predict performance of bio-digesters using IPW and PW as substrate.  

Solid-State Anaerobic Digestion for Methane Production from Corn Stalks with Stack-Pretreated

2011 ◽  
Vol 697-698 ◽  
pp. 326-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.X. Zhou ◽  
Y.P. Dong ◽  
Y.L. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Pretreatment Method ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Microbial Pretreatment ◽  
Microbial Strains

Microbial pretreatment was applied to enhance biogas production from corn stover through solid-state anaerobic digestion, but the price of microbial strains is high. The objective of this study was to find the effects on biogas production by the naturally microbial pretreatment method. The highest cumulative biogas yield for 60-day solid-state anaerobic digestion was obtained in B group (the pretreated corn straws with cow dung), which was 19.6% higher than that of the untreated samples. The D group（the pretreated corn straws with the sludge）cumulative biogas yield for 60-day solid-state anaerobic digestion was obtained, which was 18.87% higher than that of the untreted samples. The biogas of D group increased to the range of 55%～60% methane content, while B group with the range of 75%～80%.The results indicated that the pretreated corn straws mixing cow manure can improve both the biogas production yield and the content of methane in CH4。

Comparison of One-Phase and Two-Phase Anaerobic Digestion of Swine Manure

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 2875-2880
Author(s):  
Wen Hao Liu ◽  
Shi Jie Tian ◽  
Shu Biao Wu ◽  
Xiao Qian Zhang ◽  
Chang Le Pang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Swine Manure ◽  
Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The One

The possible exploitation of two-phase anaerobic digestion for swine manure was investigated in this study. One-phase and two-phase anaerobic digestion process were investigated in continuous stirred-tank reactor with hydraulic retention times 15 days (hydrolysis and acidification for 3 days and methanogenic12 days in two-phase). When the organic loading rates were equal to or less than 4 g VS/L day, the biogas yield and volumetric production of two processes were no significant difference. However, in the case of organic loading rates being equal to or higher than 5.0 g VS/L day, two-phase biogas yield and volumetric biogas production averaged 0.294 L CH4/g VS added and 2.218 L/L day, compared with one-phase averaged 0.255L CH4/g VS added and 2.168 L/L day, respectively. Significant advantages in saving cost of biogas project were indicated by the comparison of biogas production and COD degradation in the one-phase and two-phase processes.

scholarly journals Anaerobic Digestion of Corn Stover for Improved Biomethane Yield: Effect of Organic Nitrogen Sources (Soybean Curd Residue and Fish Waste)

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-33
Author(s):  
C. C. Opurum ◽  
F. J. C. Odibo
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Corn Stover ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Fish Waste ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Soybean Curd ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Soybean Curd Residue

The present study investigated the effect of organic nitrogen sources, soybean curd residue (SCR), and fish meal (FW) on the anaerobic digestion of corn stover for biomethane production. The bioreactors were seeded with the corn stover (corn cob and corn sheath), soybean curd residue (SCR), and fish waste (FW) at different combinations: (CC/SCR), (CC/FW), (CS/SCR) and (CS/FW), including CC and CS alone. The fermentation was for 31 days under mesophilic conditions. Characteristics of the substrates indicate that CC and CS are good carbon and energy sources, but low in nitrogen content. Conversely, SCR and FW are rich nitrogen sources, with low organic carbon content. There was a remarkable increase in biogas production in all treatments, except CC/SCR 75:25 and CC/SCR 85:15 in which inhibitory effect was observed.  The highest percentage increase (138%) in biogas was recorded in CS/SCR 85:15 (2.86 dm3), and the least was CC/FW 75:25 with 1.49 dm3 (24.18% increase). Significant difference (P ≤ 0.05) in biogas yield was in the following: CC/SCR 50:50, CC/FW 50:50, CS/SCR 85:15, CS/FW 50:50, and CS/FW 75:25. The composition of the biogas revealed that the treatment improved biogas production as well as biomethane content, the highest being 69.44% in CS/SCR 85:15. Regression analysis of cumulative biogas yield as a function of time (t) in the different treatments that had a significant difference in biogas yield showed a good correlation between biogas yield (GY) and time (t). Improving the biodegradability of lignocellulosic wastes could lead to a boost in the development of anaerobic digestion and biogas production technology. To improve their biodegradability during anaerobic digestion, both pre-treatments and supplementation have vital roles to play.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Effect of Compaction on the Anaerobic Digestion Process

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangyin Chen ◽  
Hai-Nan Cao ◽  
Xue-Qian Fan ◽  
Yi-Chen Sun ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Batch Type ◽  
Liquid Digestate ◽  
Physicochemical Index ◽  
Major Factors

Abstract This paper aims to evaluate the effects of compaction on the anaerobic biodegradability of straw. In the study, compaction tests were carried out at different applied pressures, i.e., 0 (CK), 277 (T1), 555 (T2), and 1109 Pa (T3), respectively. The changes in physicochemical indicators (i.e., pH, VFA, COD, and DHA) of the liquid digestate were monitored. Factor analysis was adopted to analyze biogas production's main factors in the bath Anaerobic digestion (AD) process. Changes in the surface structures and composition of solid digestate were analyzed. The results showed that the maximum gain in biogas production was 298.35mL·g− 1TS for the T2 reactor, significantly higher than that of CK and T3 reactors. The effect of compaction on the physicochemical index of liquid digestate was not significant during the batch-type AD process. The factor analysis results suggested that the major factors affecting biogas production were influenced by the compaction and varied based on the different stages of digestion. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the straw surface was damaged as the compaction increases; however, the degree of damage was not significant. This research concluded that compaction on gas production via changing the environment during the bath AD process and proper compaction could positively affect biogas' yield, while excessive compaction will inhibit gas production.

scholarly journals CO-DIGESTION OF KITCHEN WASTE WITH INTESTINAL COW DUNG FOR BIOGAS PRODUCTION

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
JU Udensi ◽  
CC Ejiogu ◽  
HO Okafor ◽  
CN Uyo ◽  
KM Iwuji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Consumption Pattern ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Significant Difference

Anaerobic digestion process is gaining attention in the agriculture industry because of its potential for renewable energy production and manure stabilization. These potential benefits are significant against the current backdrop of rising energy costs and growing environmental concerns. Anaerobic digestion is a naturally occurring process through which organic matter such as manure, feed spills, meat processing wastes and crop residues are stabilized by microorganisms strictly in the absence of air. In developing countries, the inadequate management of waste particularly in urban areas where the consumption pattern have changed and the generation rate increased substantially from one location to another and from time to time. This study explored the production of biogas from kitchen wastes mixed with intestinal cow dung in a semi continuous anaerobic digester. Materials used as feed were Paw Paw, tomato, banana peels and intestinal cow dung. Various parameters were determined using standard methods; water displacement method was used to determine the volume of gas produced. The combustibility of the gas generated was tested using Bunsen burner. Microbiological methods were employed for the microbiological analysis. The temperature and pH recorded in the digester range from 27-33oC and 0-6.81c respectively. It was observed that the waste slurry produced biogas without nutrient or chemical addition to the digester. The highest volume of gas (2.8ml) was produced on the 14th day where the temperature (29oC) and pH (6.79) were relatively high. The result of the statistical analysis showed there is significant difference (P<0.05) in the slurry temperature and pH as compared to the volume of gas produced. The Bacteria isolates identified from the digester include Proteus Spp, Bacillus Spp, Escherichia Coli, Klebsiella Spp and Staphyllococcus Spp. Based on this, the search for alternative source of Energy such as Biogas should be intensified so as to curb the incidence of ecological disasters like Environmental pollution, deforestation, desertification and erosion.

Evaluation of Biogas Production from Bio-Digestion of Organic Wastes

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 217-227
Author(s):  
Oludare Johnson Odejobi ◽  
Oluwagbenga Abiola Olawuni ◽  
Samuel Olatunde Dahunsi ◽  
Akinbiyi Ayomikusibe John
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Organic Wastes ◽  
Methane Content ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Animal Manures ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Poultry Droppings

The present study evaluates the influence of kitchen wastes on animal manures via anaerobic digestion for biogas production. The digestion was done using a digester with a capacity of 5L. The digester was loaded with the slurry of wastes prepared by mixing the wastes with water in ratio 1:1, and operated at mesophilic temperature of 37 ± 2°C for 30 days. The co-digestion of kitchen wastes with poultry droppings produced highest biogas yield (814.0 ml/kg VS fed) and the least (365.84 ml/kg VS fed) was from the co-digestion of kitchen wastes with the mixture of poultry droppings and cow dung. Composition analysis of the biogas showed the highest methane content (63.1%) from kitchen wastes and the lowest (56.2%) from co-digestion of kitchen wastes with poultry droppings. The pH range for optimum biogas production varied between 5.25 and 7.5. The study concluded that biogas yield from co-digestion of substrates, among other factors depends on the composition of participating substrates.

scholarly journals Production of Biogas from an Agro-industrial Waste and its Characteristics

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Iqbal ◽  
T. Aftab ◽  
J. Iqbal ◽  
S. Aslam ◽  
R. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Sugar Industry ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Water Displacement ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Batch Bioreactor ◽  
Volatile Solids

Molasses is a significant by-product of sugar industry and can be used as substrate in anaerobic digestion process for biogas production. Molasses was diluted ten time; inoculated by methane producing bacteria, mixed thoroughly in 2 liter batch bioreactor, kept at 370C for 15 days under anaerobic conditions for biogas yield. pH in the process was monitored three times a day. Total solids, volatile solids and COD were measured at alternate days. The gas production was measured by water displacement method. Ten times diluted molasses under anaerobic conditions, in the presence of methane producing bacteria was converted to 6.55 dm3/kg of biogas or 3.93 dm3/kg CH4 and 0.144 kWh electricity.  Keywords: Agro industrial waste; Molasses; Methanogen; Anaerobic digestion; Biogas production. © 2014 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v6i2.17320 J. Sci. Res. 6 (2), 347-357 (2014)

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