scholarly journals Structure-property Relationship of Flavonoids as Potential Green Inhibitors for Oilfield Scales: A Mini-review

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-51
Author(s):  
Dominica Una ◽  
Dulu Appah ◽  
Joseph Amieibibama ◽  
William Iheanyi Eke ◽  
Onyewuchi Akaranta
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Inhibition Mechanism ◽  
Well Performance ◽  
Structure Property ◽  
Chemical Additives ◽  
Scale Inhibition ◽  
Continuous Application ◽  
Green Scale Inhibitors ◽  
Good Scale

Scale deposits are a significant flow assurance issue in oil and gas operation with huge financial consequences. Not only does scaling drastically impair well performance, but it also has the potential to permanently destroy formation and equipment. Scale inhibitors are commonly used to prevent the accumulation of scales. A good scale inhibitor should be stable at the minimum effective inhibitor concentration under imposed operating conditions without interfering with or being affected by other chemical additives. However, most conventional scale inhibitors that possess these attributes, do not meet environmental restrictions which make them unfavorable for continuous application, prompting the industry to focus more on developing eco-friendly substitutes. This paper reviews the various types of scale inhibitors and general scale inhibition mechanism, summarizes scale concepts and ultimately, assesses the potential of flavonoids from natural plants as potential green scale inhibitors.

Maximising Asset Value through Implementation of Dynamic Well Operating Envelop

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Islamov ◽  
Eghbal Motaei ◽  
Bahrom Madon ◽  
Khairul Azhar Abu Bakar ◽  
Victor Hamdan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Performance Monitoring ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Well Performance ◽  
Time Dynamic ◽  
Well Model ◽  
Maximum Range ◽  
Facilities Design ◽  
Well Models

Abstract Dynamic Well Operating Envelop (WOE) allows to ensure that well is maintained and operated within design limits and operated in the safe, stable and profitable way. WOE covers the Well Integrity, Reservoir constraints and Facility limitations and visualizes them on well performance chart (Hamzat et al., 2013). Design and operating limits (such as upper and lower completion/facilities design pressures, sand failure, erosion limitations, reservoir management related limitations etc) are identified and translated into two-dimensional WOE (pressure vs. flowrate) to ensure maximum range of operating conditions that represents safe and reliable operation are covered. VLP/IPR performance curves were incorporated based on latest Validated Well Model. Optimum well operating window represents the maximum range of operating conditions within the Reservoir constraints assessed. By introducing actual Well Performance data the optimisation opportunities such as production/injection enhancement identified. During generating the Well Operating Envelops tremendous work being done to rectify challenges such as: most static data (i.e. design and reservoir limitations) are not digitized, unreliable real-time/dynamic data flow (i.e. FTHP, Oil/Gas rates etc), disintegrated and unreliable well Models and no solid workflows for Flow assurance. As a pre-requisite the workflows being developed to make data tidy i.e.ready and right, and Well Model inputs being integrated to build updated Well Models. Successful WOE prototype is generated for natural and artificially lifted Oil and Gas wells. Optimisation opportunities being identified (i.e. flowline pressure reduction, reservoir stimulation and bean-up) Proactive maintenance is made possible through dynamic WOE as a real time exceptional based surveillance (EBS) tool which is allowing Asset engineers to conduct the well performance monitoring, and maintain it within safe, stable and profitable window. Additionally, it allows to track all Production Enhancement jobs and seamless forecasting for new opportunities.

A Novel Methodology for Optimal Design of Compressor Plants Using Probabilistic Plant Design

2013 ◽  
Vol 135 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rainer Kurz ◽  
J. Michael Thorp ◽  
Erik G. Zentmyer ◽  
Klaus Brun
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Plant Design ◽  
Well Performance ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Machine Performance ◽  
Equipment Sizing

Equipment sizing decisions in the oil and gas industry often have to be made based on incomplete data. Often, the exact process conditions are based on numerous assumptions about well performance, market conditions, environmental conditions, and others. Since the ultimate goal is to meet production commitments, the traditional method of addressing this is to use worst case conditions and often adding margins onto these. This will invariably lead to plants that are oversized, in some instances, by large margins. In reality, the operating conditions are very rarely the assumed worst case conditions, however, they are usually more benign most of the time. Plants designed based on worst case conditions, once in operation, will, therefore, usually not operate under optimum conditions, have reduced flexibility, and therefore cause both higher capital and operating expenses. The authors outline a new probabilistic methodology that provides a framework for more intelligent process-machine designs. A standardized framework using a Monte Carlo simulation and risk analysis is presented that more accurately defines process uncertainty and its impact on machine performance. Case studies are presented that highlight the methodology as applied to critical turbomachinery.

scholarly journals A Review of Green Scale Inhibitors: Process, Types, Mechanism and Properties

Coatings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 928
Author(s):  
Mohammad A. Jafar Mazumder
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Metal Sulfide ◽  
Earth Metal ◽  
Metallic Surfaces ◽  
Comparative Performance ◽  
Scale Inhibition ◽  
Green Scale Inhibitors ◽  
Shed Light

In the present time, more often, it has been seen that scaling has grown as widely and caused problems in the oilfield industry. Scaling is the deposition of various salts of inorganic/organic materials due to the supersaturation of salt-water mixtures. Many works have been proposed by researchers using different methods to solve the problem, of which scale inhibition is one of them. The scale inhibitors, particularly for antiscaling, have derived from natural and synthetic polymers. Among different polymers, inorganic and organic compounds (polyphosphates, carboxylic acid, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), etc.) can effectively manage the oilfield scales of which many are toxic and expansive. Scale inhibitors of alkaline earth metal carbonate and sulfates and transition metal sulfide are commonly used in oilfield applications. Scale inhibition of metallic surfaces is an essential activity in technical, environmental, economic, and safety purposes. Scale inhibitors containing phosphorus appear to have significant achievements in the inhibition process despite its toxicity. However, phosphorus-based inhibitors can serve as supplements prompting eutrification difficulties. Besides these increasing environmental concerns, green scale inhibitors are renewable, biodegradable, and ecologically acceptable that has been used to prevent, control, and retard the formation of scale. Considering the facts, this review article summarized the concept of scale, various green scale inhibitors, types, mechanisms, comparative performance, significance, and future aspects of green scale inhibitors, which will shed light and be helpful for the professionals working in the oil and gas industries.

A Novel Methodology for Optimal Design of Compressor Plants Using Probabilistic Plant Design

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rainer Kurz ◽  
Joseph M. Thorp ◽  
Eric G. Zentmyer ◽  
Klaus Brun
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Plant Design ◽  
Well Performance ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Machine Performance ◽  
Equipment Sizing

Equipment sizing decisions in the Oil and Gas Industry often have to be made based on incomplete data. Often, the exact process conditions are based on numerous assumptions about well performance, market conditions, environmental conditions and others. Since the ultimate goal is to meet production commitments, the traditional way of addressing this is, to use worst case conditions, and often adding margins onto these. This will invariably lead to plants that are oversized, in some instances by large margins. In reality, the operating conditions are very rarely the assumed worst case conditions, but they are usually more benign most of the time. Plants designed based on worst case conditions, once in operation, will therefore usually not operate under optimum conditions, have reduced flexibility, and therefore cause both higher capital expenses and operating expenses. The authors outline a new probabilistic methodology that provides a framework for more intelligent process-machine designs. A standardized framework using Monte Carlo simulation and risk analysis is presented that more accurately defines process uncertainty and its impact on machine performance. Case studies are presented that highlight the methodology as applied to critical turbo-machinery.

scholarly journals Effect of Coated Cow Dung on Fluidization Reduction of Fine Iron Ore particles

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1175
Author(s):  
Qiyan Xu ◽  
Zhanghan Gu ◽  
Ziwei Wan ◽  
Mingzhu Huangfu ◽  
Qingmin Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Ore ◽  
Linear Velocity ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Inhibition Mechanism ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Reduction Temperature ◽  
Reduction Time ◽  
Reducing Gas ◽  
Fine Iron ◽  
Ironmaking Process

The effects of reduction temperature, gas linear velocity, reduction pressure, reduction time, and reducing gas on the fluidized ironmaking process were studied for the fine iron Newman ore particles (0.154–0.178 mm) and the optimal experimental operating conditions were obtained. Under the optimal conditions, the effects of the coated cow dung on the reduction of fine iron ore particles were studied, and the inhibition mechanism of cow dung on particle adhesion in the fluidized ironmaking process was elucidated. The experimental results show that the optimal operating parameters are linear velocity of 0.6 m/s, reduction pressure of 0.2 MPa, reduction temperature of 1023 K, H2 as the reducing gas, and reduction time of 60 min. Cow dung can react with oxide in the ore powder to form a high melting point substance that can form a certain isolation layer, inhibit the growth of iron whiskers, and improve the fluidization.

A Transient 3D CFD Model of a Progressive Cavity Pump

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. R. Mrinal ◽  
Md. Hamid Siddique ◽  
Abdus Samad
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Complex Geometry ◽  
Transient Behavior ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Cfd Model ◽  
Ansys Fluent ◽  
Flow Variables

A progressive cavity pump (PCP) is a positive displacement pump and has been used as an artificial lift method in the oil and gas industry for pumping fluid with solid content and high viscosity. In a PCP, a single-lobe rotor rotates inside a double-lobe stator. Articles on computational works for flows through a PCP are limited because of transient behavior of flow, complex geometry and moving boundaries. In this paper, a 3D CFD model has been developed to predict the flow variables at different operating conditions. The flow is considered as incompressible, single phase, transient, and turbulent. The dynamic mesh model in Ansys-Fluent for the rotor mesh movement is used, and a user defined function (UDF) written in C language defines the rotor’s hypocycloid path. The mesh deformation is done with spring based smoothing and local remeshing technique. The computational results are compared with the experiment results available in the literature. Thepump gives maximum flowrate at zero differential pressure.

Research Progress of Scale Inhibition Mechanism

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 2411-2414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Xiu Liu ◽  
Ai Jiang He
Keyword(s):  
Metal Surface ◽  
Inorganic Salt ◽  
Simulation Technique ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Inhibition Mechanism ◽  
Scale Inhibitor ◽  
Scale Inhibition

Scale inhibitor is a medicament which has the properties of dispersing insoluble inorganic salt in water, and preventing or obstructing sediment and scaling of insoluble inorganic salt on metal surface. Research on the mechanism of scale inhibition can promote using and developing scale inhibitors. In this paper, the traditional macroscopic mechanism of scale inhibition was firstly analyzed, and it was also emphasized to introduce the research progress of quantization simulation technique on the mechanism of scale inhibition, and it was also suggested to combine the microstructure of scale crystal with quantization simulation technique to have a further study on the mechanism of scale inhibition.

Designing CO2 Transmission Pipelines Without Crack Arrestors

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graeme G. King ◽  
Satish Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Cost Optimization ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Design Work ◽  
Industrial Facilities ◽  
Pipeline Network

Masdar is developing several carbon capture projects from power plants, smelters, steel works, industrial facilities and oil and gas processing plants in Abu Dhabi in a phased series of projects. Captured CO2 will be transported in a new national CO2 pipeline network with a nominal capacity of 20×106 T/y to oil reservoirs where it will be injected for reservoir management and sequestration. Design of the pipeline network considered three primary factors in the selection of wall thickness and toughness, (a) steady and transient operating conditions, (b) prevention of longitudinal ductile fractures and (c) optimization of total project owning and operating costs. The paper explains how the three factors affect wall thickness and toughness. It sets out code requirements that must be satisfied when choosing wall thickness and gives details of how to calculate toughness to prevent propagation of long ductile fracture in CO2 pipelines. It then uses cost optimization to resolve contention between the different requirements and arrive at a safe and economical pipeline design. The design work selected a design pressure of 24.5 MPa, well above the critical point for CO2 and much higher than is normally seen in conventional oil and gas pipelines. Despite its high operating pressure, the proposed network will be one of the safest pipeline systems in the world today.

Synthesis, Characterization and Properties of the IA / SAS Copolymer

2013 ◽  
Vol 423-426 ◽  
pp. 404-407
Author(s):  
Zhen Fa Liu ◽  
Hao Lin Fu ◽  
Li Hui Zhang ◽  
Yan He Zhang ◽  
Xuan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Itaconic Acid ◽  
Inhibition Rate ◽  
Biodegradation Rate ◽  
Scale Inhibition ◽  
Good Scale

A copolymer was prepared from itaconic acid (IA) and sodium allysulfonate (SAS). The structure of the IA/SAS copolymer was characterized by the means of FTIR. The performances of scale inhibition, dispersion and biodegradability of the IA/SAS copolymer were studied. The results showed that the IA/SAS copolymer had good scale inhibition and dispersing performance. The scale inhibition rate on calcium carbonate was 93% when the copolymer was 20 mg·L-1. The scale inhibition rate on calcium phosphate was 92% when the copolymer was 24 mg·L-1. The copolymer had good biodegradation performance and biodegradation rate could reach 69.5% after 28 days.

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