scholarly journals In-vitro Callogenesis and Screening of Antimicrobial Activity of Callus and Seed of Caesalpinia bonducella F.: A Threatened Medicinal Plant of Western Ghats

2021 ◽  
pp. 76-89
Author(s):  
Rajani Shirsat ◽  
Ajit Kengar ◽  
Aruna Rai
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Western Ghats ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Caesalpinia Bonducella

Aim: Caesalpinia bonducella Flem is a dioecious scrambling woody liana of Caesalpinoideae, a subfamily of Leguminosae. The plant is threatened and distributed in the deciduous forests of the Western Ghats of India. Being an important medicinal plant Caesalpinia bonducella F. attracted many scientists to exploit various activities associated with a number of phytoconstituents. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the most suitable media and suitable concentrations of plant growth regulators for in vitro Callogenesis and screening of antimicrobial activity of callus and seed of Caesalpinia bonducella. Materials and Methods: Callus was initiated from stem explants, on 1x and 0.5x MS medium plus supplements. The effects of plant growth regulators on callus cultures were studied and observations were made. The in vitro antibacterial activity was performed by using extracts of callus and seed of Caesalpinia bonducella in petroleum ether and methanol against multidrug resistance organisms. The organic extracts of seed and callus of the plant at concentrations of 0.02 mg/ml - 0.1 mg/ml were taken and their activities were measured.   Results: The combination of 2.5 mgL-1 2,4-D  with 2 mgL-1 BAP, resulted in the highest frequency and the highest mean percentage of callus formation (2.35 ± 0.294) with yellow friable callus. The results revealed that all the extracts had a variable degree of antibacterial activity. Conclusions: It was observed that 2,4-D at 2.5 mgL-1 in combination with BAP,2.0 mgL-1 BAP resulted in early initiation, highest induction percentage, with frequency highest mean percentage of callus formation, Antimicrobial tests with methanol and diethyl ether extract of Caesalpinia bonducella seed powder against the clinical isolates showed the zone of inhibition for all the pathogens tested with concentration of methanolic extract of C. bonducella seed powder.

scholarly journals Effect of plant growth regulators on the root formation in in vitro culture of Abelmoschus Sagittifolius Kurz

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. First
Author(s):  
Trân Huỳnh Ngọc Dương ◽  
Diễm Thị Lê ◽  
Mai Thị Bạch Võ
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Root Formation ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Increasing Demand

Abelmoschus sagittifolius Kurz is a medicinal plant with typical pharmacological of ginseng. However, the number of trees in the nature wild is declining rapidly due to the increasing demand for logging along with the narrowing of the distribution area and the low incidence of seed germination, affecting the use for researching and developing gene sources for drug production in many areas. In this plant, root is the most important organ of the plant, so the study of root formation in in vitro has been of great significance in assessing the effect of plant growth regulators on induction roots, as well as creating a source of starting material for studies on the biosynthesis of saponin in in vitro compounds as an alternative to outside planting. The results showed that after 2 weeks of culture, the germination rate was highest (88%) when the seeds were disinfected with HgCl2 0.1%, 3 minutes and then soaked in GA3 20,0 mg/L, 120 minutes, finally seed culture on MS + 20 g/L saccharose + GA3 5.0 mg/L + 7 g/L agar. The callus formation from hypocotyl in the environment on MS medium + 20 g/L sucrose + NAA 0.5 mg/L + BA 1.5 mg/L + 7 g/L agar was appropriate for root reduction and the best root formation was applied in the medium of MS + 20 g/L sucrose + IAA 0.3 mg/L + 7 g/L agar. In conclusion, the method of tissue culture is suitable for the formation of adventitious roots from callus formation from hypocotyl of Abelmoschus sagittifolius Kurz.

scholarly journals Morphogenetic Response of Lilium michiganense to Four Auxin-type Plant Growth Regulators In Vitro

HortScience ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 1922-1924 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Robert Ault ◽  
Sandy S. Siqueira
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
The North ◽  
Cut Surface

Shoot, root, and callus induction were examined in the North American lily Lilium michiganense in response to treatment with four auxin-type plant growth regulators (PGR). Seed from controlled crosses were aseptically excised from slightly immature capsules and cultured in vitro on Murashige and Skoog basal medium and vitamins with 30 g·L−1 sucrose, 7.0 g·L−1 agar, and a pH = 5.7. Seed were maintained at 20 °C with a 14-h photoperiod. After 5.0 to 5.5 months, leaves and roots were removed from seedlings, the bulbs transversely sectioned, then the bulb sections cultured cut-surface down on the identical medium supplemented with 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, or 8.0 μm dicamba, picloram, K-NAA, or 2,4-D. Morphogenetic response was tabulated 4 months after treatment. Shoot formation was promoted by treatment with dicamba, picloram, and K-NAA in comparison with the control (2.5 shoots/explant). Shoot formation varied significantly in response to individual dicamba, picloram, and 2,4-D concentrations. A maximum of 7.9 shoots per explant was promoted by 4.0 μm K-NAA and 1.0 μm dicamba, respectively. Root and callus formation also varied significantly between PGR treatments. Root formation was inhibited by dicamba, picloram, and 2,4-D treatments in comparison with the control (100% rooting); callus formation was promoted by dicamba, picloram, and K-NAA treatments in comparison with the control (15% callusing).

scholarly journals Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on Coloured Callus Formation and Accumulation of Azadirachtin, an Essential Biopesticide in Azadirachta indica

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharmilla Ashokhan ◽  
Rashidi Othman ◽  
Muhamad Hafiz Abd Rahim ◽  
Saiful Anuar Karsani ◽  
Jamilah Syafawati Yaacob
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Continuous Production ◽  
High Mass ◽  
Petiole Explants ◽  
Green Callus

For centuries, Azadirachta indica or neem has been utilized as a primary source of medicine due to its antimicrobial, larvacidal, antimalarial and antifungal properties. Recently, its potential as an effective biopesticide has garnered attention, especially towards efficient and continuous production of its bioactive compounds. The present study investigated the effect of the plant growth regulators (PGRs) thiadiazuron (TDZ) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) on the induction of colored callus formation and subsequent accumulation of azadirachtin (AZA) in A. indica. An efficient protocol was established for micropropagation and colored callus production of this species, followed by quantification of AZA (a mixture of azadirachtin A and B) and its safety assessment. For induction of the callus, leaf and petiole explants obtained from a young growing neem plant were excised and cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with TDZ (0.2–0.6 mg L−1) and 2,4-D (0.2–0.6 mg L−1), either applied singly or in combination. Callus was successfully induced from both explant types at different rates, where media with 0.6 mg L−1 of TDZ resulted in the highest fresh weight (3.38 ± 0.08 g). In general, media with a single hormone (particularly TDZ) was more effective in producing a high mass of callus compared to combined PGRs. A culture duration of six weeks resulted in the production of green, brown and cream colored callus. The highest callus weight and accumulation of AZA was recorded in green callus (214.53 ± 33.63 mg g−1 dry weight (DW)) induced using TDZ. On the other hand, small amounts of AZA were detected in both brown and cream callus. Further experimentation indicated that the green callus with the highest AZA was found to be non-toxic (LC50 at 4606 µg mL−1) to the zebrafish animal model. These results suggested that the addition of different PGRs during in vitro culture could prominently affect callus and secondary metabolite production and can further be manipulated as a sustainable method for the production of a natural and environmentally friendly pesticide.

scholarly journals Alterations in Microrhizome Induction, Shoot Multiplication and Rooting of Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) var. Bentong with Regards to Sucrose and Plant Growth Regulators Application

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 320
Author(s):  
Nisar Ahmad Zahid ◽  
Hawa Z.E. Jaafar ◽  
Mansor Hakiman
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Zingiber Officinale Roscoe ◽  
Planting Materials ◽  
Disease Free

Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) var. Bentong is a monocotyledon plant that belongs to the Zingiberaceae family. Bentong ginger is the most popular cultivar of ginger in Malaysia, which is conventionally propagated by its rhizome. As its rhizomes are the economic part of the plant, the allocation of a large amount of rhizomes as planting materials increases agricultural input cost. Simultaneously, the rhizomes’ availability as planting materials is restricted due to the high demand for fresh rhizomes in the market. Moreover, ginger propagation using its rhizome is accompanied by several types of soil-borne diseases. Plant tissue culture techniques have been applied to produce disease-free planting materials of ginger to overcome these problems. Hence, the in vitro-induced microrhizomes are considered as alternative disease-free planting materials for ginger cultivation. On the other hand, Bentong ginger has not been studied for its microrhizome induction. Therefore, this study was conducted to optimize sucrose and plant growth regulators (PGRs) for its microrhizome induction. Microrhizomes were successfully induced in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with a high sucrose concentration (>45 g L−1). In addition, zeatin at 5–10 µM was found more effective for microrhizome induction than 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) at a similar concentration. The addition of 7.5 µM 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) further enhanced microrhizome formation and reduced sucrose’s required dose that needs to be supplied for efficient microrhizome formation. MS medium supplemented with 60 g L−1 sucrose, 10 µM zeatin and 7.5 µM NAA was the optimum combination for the microrhizome induction of Bentong ginger. The in vitro-induced microrhizomes sprouted indoors in moist sand and all the sprouted microrhizomes were successfully established in field conditions. In conclusion, in vitro microrhizomes can be used as disease-free planting materials for the commercial cultivation of Bentong ginger.

scholarly journals The Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on Callus Induction and Regeneration of Amygdalus communis

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 97-100
Author(s):  
Naimeh SHARIFMOGHADAM ◽  
Abbas SAFARNEJAD ◽  
Sayed Mohammad TABATABAEI
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Induction Medium ◽  
Root Induction ◽  
Amygdalus Communis

The Almond (Amygdalus communis) is one of the most important and oldest commercial nut crops, belonging to the Rosaceae family. Almond has been used as base material in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, hygienically and food industry. Propagation by tissue culture technique is the most important one in woody plants. In the current research, in vitro optimization of tissue culture and mass production of almond was investigated. In this idea, explants of actively growing shoots were collected and sterilized, then transferred to MS medium with different concentrations and combinations of plant growth regulators. The experiment was done in completely randomized blocks design, with 7 treatment and 30 replications. After 4 weeks, calli induction, proliferation, shoot length and number of shoot per explants were measured. Results showed that the best medium for shoot initiation and proliferation was MS + 0.5 mg/l IAA (Indol-3-Acetic Acid) + 1 mg/l BA (Benzyl Adenine). Autumn was the best season for collecting explants. The shoots were transferred to root induction medium with different concentrations of plant growth regulators. The best root induction medium was MS + 0.5 mg/l IBA (Indol Butyric Acid).

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