scholarly journals Overview on Fluid, Electrolyte and Nutrition Management of the Newborn and Pre-term Newborns

2021 ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
Abdulwahab Ahmed Alzahrani ◽  
Jumanah Azzam Altaf ◽  
Amal Mahmoud Alharbi ◽  
Razan Mohammed M. Alqarni ◽  
Bander Yahya Otayf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parenteral Nutrition ◽  
Third Space ◽  
Electrolyte Balance ◽  
Nutritional Management ◽  
Nutrition Management ◽  
Extremely Preterm ◽  
Term Newborns ◽  
Metabolic Activities ◽  
Serious Disease ◽  
Preterm Newborns

Often in extremely preterm newborns in the early postnatal daysproblems in fluid and electrolyte balance occur Due to excessive insensible water loss and renal immaturity. The dietary care of newborn newborns is challenged by the demands of growth and organ development. The stress of a serious disease makes it much more difficult to get enough nourishment. Newborns andespecially premature newborns must be assessed thoroughly for fluid and electrolytes balance. Calculating the fluid and electrolyte demand for sustaining metabolic activities, replacing losses (evaporative, third space, external), and considering pre-existing fluid imbalance are all part of effective fluid and electrolyte management. When a neonate's size or condition prevents them from receiving enteral nutrition, parenteral nutrition can help them grow and thrive. Although eating through the gastrointestinal tract is the recommended method of nutritional management, some situations necessitate the use of PN as an adjuvant or sole treatment. In this article we discuss fluid electrolytes and Nutritional management using parenteral nutrition.

scholarly journals 4CPS-379 Parenteral nutrition management in coronavirus critical patients: case report

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Palanques Pastor ◽  
A Vázquez Polo ◽  
L Lorente Fernández ◽  
E López Briz ◽  
I Beltrán García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Parenteral Nutrition ◽  
Nutrition Management ◽  
Critical Patients

Gestational Age Dependency of Umbilical Cord Serum IL-6 Levels for Detecting Fetal Inflammation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sota Iwatani ◽  
Takao Kobayashi ◽  
Sachiko Matsui ◽  
Akihiro Hirata ◽  
Miwa Yamamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Cord Serum ◽  
Very Preterm ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Extremely Preterm ◽  
Preterm Newborns

Objective The fetal inflammatory response syndrome (FIRS) is characterized by elevated concentrations of inflammatory cytokines in fetal blood, with preterm delivery and morbidity. Umbilical cord serum interleukin-6 (UC-s-IL-6) is an ideal marker for detecting FIRS. However, the effect of gestational age (GA) on UC-s-IL-6 levels has not been reported. This study aimed to determine the relationship between GA and UC-s-IL-6 levels, and GA-dependent cutoff values of UC-s-IL-6 levels for detecting fetal inflammation. Study Design UC-s-IL-6 concentrations were measured in 194 newborns (44 extremely preterm newborns (EPNs) at 22–27 weeks' GA, 68 very preterm newborns (VPNs) at 28–31 weeks' GA, and 82 preterm newborns (PNs) at 32–34 weeks' GA). Linear regression analyses were used to correlate GA and UC-s-IL-6 levels. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves analyses were performed for detecting the presence of funisitis, as the histopathological counterpart of FIRS. Results A significant negative correlation between GA and UC-s-IL-6 levels was found in newborns with severe funisitis (r s =  − 0.427, p = 0.004) and those with mild funisitis (r s =  − 0.396, p = 0.025). ROC curve analyses revealed the area under the curve for detecting funisitis were 0.856, 0.837, and 0.622 in EPNs, VPNs, and PNs, respectively. The UC-s-IL-6 cutoff value in EPNs (28.1 pg/mL) exceeded those in VPNs and PNs (3.7 and 3.0 pg/mL, respectively). Conclusion UC-s-IL-6 levels were inversely correlated with GA especially in newborns with funisitis. Such GA dependency of UC-s-IL-6 should be considered for detecting fetal inflammation. Key Points

Anemia in Preterm Infants

1996 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 370-370
Author(s):  
Philip Roth
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Fetal Life ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
The Third ◽  
Extremely Preterm ◽  
Extremely Preterm Infants ◽  
Preterm Newborns

During fetal life, hemoglobin concentration increases from a level of 9 g/dL at l0 weeks' to 14 to 15 g/dL at 22 to 24 weeks' gestation. By the middle of the third trimester, concentrations close to those observed at birth (16 to 17 g/dL) are reached, and little additional change occurs. As a result, cord hemoglobin concentrations in term and preterm newborns are very similar, with the possible exception of the most extremely preterm infants. Immediately after birth, the hemoglobin concentration begins to rise from the combined effects of placental transfusion and the postnatal readjustment of plasma volume. At approximately 8 to 12 hours of life, the hemoglobin plateaus at levels 1 to 2 g/dL above those observed at birth (about 18 g/dL).

scholarly journals Oscillatory respiratory mechanics on the first day of life improves prediction of respiratory outcomes in extremely preterm newborns

2018 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 312-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Veneroni ◽  
Linda Wallström ◽  
Richard Sindelar ◽  
Raffaele L. Dellacaʼ
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Mechanics ◽  
Extremely Preterm ◽  
Respiratory Outcomes ◽  
Preterm Newborns

Neonatal Outcomes in Extremely Preterm Newborns Admitted to Intensive Care after No Active Antenatal Management: A Population-Based Cohort Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 203 ◽  
pp. 150-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Diguisto ◽  
Laurence Foix L'Helias ◽  
Andrei S. Morgan ◽  
Pierre-Yves Ancel ◽  
Gilles Kayem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Neonatal Outcomes ◽  
Extremely Preterm ◽  
Antenatal Management ◽  
Preterm Newborns

Drug-Induced Metabolic Disorders and Parenteral Nutrition in the Intensive Care Unit: A Pharmaceutical and Metabolic Perspective

DICP ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 363-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph F. Dasta ◽  
David F. Driscoll
Keyword(s):  
Critical Care ◽  
Parenteral Nutrition ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Care Setting ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Critical Care Setting ◽  
Nutrition Support ◽  
Sensitive Period ◽  
Electrolyte Balance ◽  
Drug Induced

Since its inception, the field of parenteral nutrition has continued to evolve requiring the expertise of several health care disciplines. This feature has made nutrition support unique among clinical subspecialties. As a member of this team, the pharmacist plays a critical role in the provision of sterile admixtures, compatible nutritional formulations, and cost-effective, therapeutically equivalent strategies. The pharmacist has become more involved in the clinical care of the patient, with particular emphasis on the development of drug-induced metabolic disorders. The multitude of drugs prescribed to hospitalized patients increases the potential for serious metabolic disturbances. This is especially true in the critical care setting where sudden changes in metabolism (e.g., acid-base homeostasis, fluid and electrolyte balance) may result in profoundly negative effects. The critical care setting also represents the most sensitive period of hospitalization where even subtle changes in metabolic homeostasis may assume major clinical significance. Early recognition of offending agents and the institution of appropriate intervention may avert serious iatrogenic diseases. The nutrition support team is in a unique position to address many such disorders through selective manipulation of the various components in the parenteral nutrient admixture. The ability of the pharmacist to recognize the development of drug-induced metabolic disorders lends further support for clinical pharmacy in nutrition support services.

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