scholarly journals Awareness of Parents Regarding DKA Symptoms in their Children with Type I DM

2021 ◽  
pp. 821-830
Author(s):  
Nazim Faisal Hamed ◽  
Manal Mohammed E. Alhawiti ◽  
Eman Hamed A. Albalawi ◽  
Lena Defallah G. Alzahrani ◽  
Raghad Mohammed E. Alhawiti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Diabetic Ketoacidosis ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Type I ◽  
Knowledge Source ◽  
Diabetic Children ◽  
Source Of Information

Background: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a common emergency and life-threatening illness. Also, if not detected early, early treatment in the emergency room can cause serious complications. The goal of managing type 1 diabetes is to maintain the correct levels of blood sugar, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), blood pressure, lipid levels, and body weight while avoiding hypoglycemia. Treatment of type 1 diabetes requires proper insulin treatment, proper nutrition, physical activity, preventive education, and patient self-care Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine parental perceptions of DKA symptoms in children with type 1 diabetes in the Northern Region of Saudi Arabia. Methods: In the Northern Region of Saudi Arabia, a cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2020 to May 2021 among parents with diabetic children at the Diabetes Center in the Northern Region of Saudi Arabia using a pre-designed online questionnaire distributed on social media web-sites to collect data.  Data was analyzed by using statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS, version 23) and results was presented by tabular and graphical presentation according to the study objectives. Results: only 42.9% of our participants responded that they have good knowledge about DKA. 19.2% thought it only occurs in children. 43.3% of our participants knew that DKA is a complication of diabetes due to hyperglycemia. Regarding the source of information about DKA among our participants, our data demonstrated that only 22.9% of our participants got their information about DKA from the doctors, and 31.8% of the participants had the internet as their source of information regarding DKA. In the current study, 14% of the participants said that they had a child had DKA at least one, and 91.6% of them were admitted to the hospital. There was a significant relation with gender, age of the parent, and educational level, while it showed insignificant relation with marital status. Conclusion: In conclusion, knowledge of most of parents of diabetic children about diabetic ketoacidosis is poor. Their main knowledge source is not trustful or adequate. Their main knowledge source is not trustful or adequate. Therefore, we recommend policy makers to held health education to parents and/or caregivers of type 1 diabetic children regarding all aspects of DKA. It must be properly achieved in a structured manner based on a general outline that should include education at the onset of treatment and then repeated based upon an annual assessment of patients’ training needs or upon their own request. Areas of poor knowledge related to diabetes and diabetic ketoacidosis should be emphasized during health education sessions.

Type I Diabetes Mellitus

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph I. Wolfsdorf ◽  
Katharine Garvey
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Ketoacidosis ◽  
Autoimmune Diabetes ◽  
Type I ◽  
Insulin Deficiency ◽  
Glucose Levels

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is characterized by severe insulin deficiency, making patients dependent on exogenous insulin replacement for survival. These patients can experience life-threatening events when their glucose levels are significantly abnormal. Type 1 diabetes accounts for 5 to 10% of all diabetes cases, with type 2 accounting for most of the remainder. This review details the pathophysiology, stabilization and assessment, diagnosis and treatment, disposition and outcomes of patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus. Figures show the opposing actions of insulin and glucagon on substrate flow and plasma levels; plasma glucose, insulin and C-peptide levels throughout the day; the structure of human proinsulin; current view of the pathogenesis of Type 1 autoimmune diabetes mellitus; pathways that lead from insulin deficiency to the major clinical manifestations of Type 1 diabetes mellitus; relationship between hemoglobin A1c values at the end of a 3-month period and calculated average glucose levels during the 3-month period; different combinations of various insulin preparations used to establish glycemic control; and basal-bolus and insulin pump regimens. Tables list the etiologic classification of Type 1 diabetes mellitus, typical laboratory findings and monitoring in diabetic ketoacidosis, criteria for the diagnosis of Type 1 diabetes, clinical goals of Type 1 diabetes treatment, and insulin preparations. This review contains 10 figures, 9 tables, and 40 references. Keywords: Type 1 diabetes mellitus, optimal glycemic control, hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, HbA1c, medical nutrition therapy, Diabetic Ketoacidosis

Knowledge and Awareness of Mothers about Diabetic Ketoacidosis among Type-1 Diabetic Children and Their Action and Response in Emergency Conditions in Aseer Region of Saudi Arabia

2018 ◽  
Vol 03 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah Othman ◽  
Mohammad Ahmed Awwad ◽  
Kamran Mahmood Ahmed Aziz ◽  
Sameera Mohammed Asiri ◽  
Norura Mohammed alqahtani
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Diabetic Ketoacidosis ◽  
Diabetic Children

Factors associated with the presence of diabetic ketoacidosis: A retrospective analysis of patients with type 1 diabetes in Saudi Arabia

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 2117-2122
Author(s):  
Ayman A. Al Hayek ◽  
Asirvatham Alwin Robert ◽  
Ruqayah AL-Shaikh ◽  
Mohammed Alhojele ◽  
Shaza Aloufi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Diabetic Ketoacidosis ◽  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Factors Associated

Risk factors and predictors of uncontrolled hyperglycemia and diabetic ketoacidosis in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus in Jeddah, western Saudi Arabia

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Hesham Sayed ◽  
Moustafa Abdelaal Hegazi ◽  
Khairyah Abdulwahed ◽  
Khairya Moussa ◽  
Basem Salama El-Deek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Diabetic Ketoacidosis

Type I Diabetes Mellitus

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph I. Wolfsdorf ◽  
Katharine Garvey
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Ketoacidosis ◽  
Autoimmune Diabetes ◽  
Type I ◽  
Insulin Deficiency ◽  
Glucose Levels

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is characterized by severe insulin deficiency, making patients dependent on exogenous insulin replacement for survival. These patients can experience life-threatening events when their glucose levels are significantly abnormal. Type 1 diabetes accounts for 5 to 10% of all diabetes cases, with type 2 accounting for most of the remainder. This review details the pathophysiology, stabilization and assessment, diagnosis and treatment, disposition and outcomes of patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus. Figures show the opposing actions of insulin and glucagon on substrate flow and plasma levels; plasma glucose, insulin and C-peptide levels throughout the day; the structure of human proinsulin; current view of the pathogenesis of Type 1 autoimmune diabetes mellitus; pathways that lead from insulin deficiency to the major clinical manifestations of Type 1 diabetes mellitus; relationship between hemoglobin A1c values at the end of a 3-month period and calculated average glucose levels during the 3-month period; different combinations of various insulin preparations used to establish glycemic control; and basal-bolus and insulin pump regimens. Tables list the etiologic classification of Type 1 diabetes mellitus, typical laboratory findings and monitoring in diabetic ketoacidosis, criteria for the diagnosis of Type 1 diabetes, clinical goals of Type 1 diabetes treatment, and insulin preparations. This review contains 10 figures, 9 tables, and 40 references. Keywords: Type 1 diabetes mellitus, optimal glycemic control, hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, HbA1c, medical nutrition therapy, Diabetic Ketoacidosis

Characteristics and Outcomes of Children with Type-I Diabetes Mellitus Hospitalized for Ketoacidosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 779-786
Author(s):  
Roza Zinab Ababulgu ◽  
Behailu Terefe Tesfaye
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Diabetic Ketoacidosis ◽  
Type I Diabetes ◽  
Type I Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type I ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Diabetes Patients

Background: Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a common autoimmune disorder that often presents in children. In these patients, diabetic ketoacidosis is one of the most common and serious acute complications associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Nevertheless, limited studies are conducted in Ethiopia. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess patient-related characteristics and outcomes of diabetic ketoacidosis, and their relative difference among children with newly diagnosed and previously known type-I diabetes mellitus. Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study of 63 type-1 diabetes patients admitted for ketoacidosis at Jimma university medical center, a tertiary hospital. Data was collected using a checklist, and entered into Epidata 4.2.0.0 and analyzed using STATA 13.0. Descriptive statistics was performed; Mann-Whitney and Chi-square test statistics were employed for comparison. Result: Of the total, 39 were newly diagnosed type-I diabetes patients. Polydipsia and Polyuria (each in 74.6%) were the predominant symptoms at presentation. ketoacidosis precipitants were undocumented in the majority of the patients (53.97%). Mean (±SD) Random blood sugar was 434.05 (±117.62)mg/dl. Ketoacidosis was mild in severity in 63.49%. Family history of diabetes, unknown precipitants and the first episode of ketoacidosis were significantly different among the new and known type-I diabetes patients. No mortality was documented. Conclusion: The observed patient characteristics are typical of those reported in many studies and standard resources. Despite no mortality was documented, the need for early diagnosis and management should not be overlooked. Further study, with large sample size, is recommended to point-out the real characteristics difference among new and known type-I diabetes mellitus patients admitted for ketoacidosis.

Incidence of diabetic ketoacidosis in newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes children in western Saudi Arabia: 11-year experience

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 857-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adnan Al Shaikh ◽  
Fayssal Farahat ◽  
Mohammad Saeedi ◽  
Ayman Bakar ◽  
Amal Al Gahtani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Diabetic Ketoacidosis ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Background A wide range of reports on the incidence of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) at the onset of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in children have been published worldwide. Reports from Saudi Arabia are limited. The aim of this study was to assess the incidence, clinical pattern and severity of DKA in children with newly diagnosed T1DM and the association of autoimmune conditions with initial DKA occurrence at King Abdulaziz Medical City – Jeddah. Methods This retrospective chart review was conducted during the period 2005–2015. All newly diagnosed T1DM children during the study period were investigated (n = 390). Data were collected on the demographic characteristics, body mass index (BMI), DKA severity, length of hospital stay and follow-up data on the type of diabetes therapy. Results The incidence of DKA among newly diagnosed T1DM pediatric patients was 37.7% (n = 147). Moderate and severe DKA cases were significantly higher among female children (p = 0.04). Patients diagnosed with DKA had lower BMI (20.87 ± 5.21) than their counterparts (p = 0.03). The median length of hospital stay was higher among severe DKA compared to moderate and mild cases (5.0, 4.5 and 4.0 days, respectively). Conclusions The incidence of DKA among newly diagnosed T1DM is still high compared to developed countries; however, it is relatively lower than previous reports in Saudi Arabia. Immediate interventions, such as awareness campaigns, are vital to reduce the burden of this preventable health sequela among children with DM.

Type I Diabetes Mellitus

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph I. Wolfsdorf ◽  
Katharine Garvey
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Ketoacidosis ◽  
Autoimmune Diabetes ◽  
Type I ◽  
Insulin Deficiency ◽  
Glucose Levels

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is characterized by severe insulin deficiency, making patients dependent on exogenous insulin replacement for survival. These patients can experience life-threatening events when their glucose levels are significantly abnormal. Type 1 diabetes accounts for 5 to 10% of all diabetes cases, with type 2 accounting for most of the remainder. This review details the pathophysiology, stabilization and assessment, diagnosis and treatment, disposition and outcomes of patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus. Figures show the opposing actions of insulin and glucagon on substrate flow and plasma levels; plasma glucose, insulin and C-peptide levels throughout the day; the structure of human proinsulin; current view of the pathogenesis of Type 1 autoimmune diabetes mellitus; pathways that lead from insulin deficiency to the major clinical manifestations of Type 1 diabetes mellitus; relationship between hemoglobin A1c values at the end of a 3-month period and calculated average glucose levels during the 3-month period; different combinations of various insulin preparations used to establish glycemic control; and basal-bolus and insulin pump regimens. Tables list the etiologic classification of Type 1 diabetes mellitus, typical laboratory findings and monitoring in diabetic ketoacidosis, criteria for the diagnosis of Type 1 diabetes, clinical goals of Type 1 diabetes treatment, and insulin preparations. This review contains 10 figures, 9 tables, and 40 references. Keywords: Type 1 diabetes mellitus, optimal glycemic control, hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, HbA1c, medical nutrition therapy, Diabetic Ketoacidosis

Predictors of diabetic ketoacidosis hospitalizations and hemoglobin A1c among youth with Type 1 diabetes.

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 577-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Semenkovich ◽  
Kristoffer S. Berlin ◽  
Rachel L. Ankney ◽  
Kimberly L. Klages ◽  
Mary E. Keenan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Diabetic Ketoacidosis ◽  
Hemoglobin A1c
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