scholarly journals Tsamdro (Rangeland) as a Source of Livelihood to the People of Bhutan

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
Yeshi Samdrup ◽  
Kinley Yangzom
Keyword(s):  
Land Tenure ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Grazing Land ◽  
Moderation Analysis ◽  
The People ◽  
Land Tenure System ◽  
Continuous Support ◽  
Socio Economic Impact ◽  
Similar Area ◽  
Numerous Change

Tsamdro plays an essential role in providing resources for the survival of yaks, cattles and horses as these animals provide continuous support to herders in Naro, Merak and Logchina gewogs. There has been numerous change in land tenure system of ownership in tsamdro since 1960s of the ownership of tsamdro. However, in Land Act 2007; it was stated that tsamdro will be nationalized and policy will be implemented by 2017, yet the policy has not been implemented and herders still use the tsamdro as used earlier, where the owners had to obtain written permits from the Dzongkhag authorities to graze one’s livestock on one’s own grazing land by paying an annual grazing permit fee. This study aimed at determining whether tsamdro is a source of livelihood for the herders in Naro, Merak and Logchina gewogs. It was carried out in Naro, Logchina and Merak subdistricts (gewogs) of Bhutan. It employed a quantitative method by distributing questionnaire survey. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews and the data was collected from a convenience sampling method of (N=75) herders through moderation analysis. The moderation analysis showed that tsamdro is a source of livelihood (land asset 571.526*** and livestock 37.670***) to herders. Further research is limited to study area and findings are likely to hold good for similar area only. Further research to find other sources of livelihood and their socio-economic impact on herders is recommended.

scholarly journals Conservation Debates: People’s Perceptions and Values towards a Privately Protected Area in Southern Ecuador

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 233
Author(s):  
Verónica Iñiguez-Gallardo ◽  
Fabián Reyes-Bueno ◽  
Olga Peñaranda
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
Southern Ecuador ◽  
Negative Perceptions ◽  
Land Tenure System

The perceptions and values that local communities have towards protected areas are of great value for the improvement of these territories’ management. Such perceptions and values are often absent in the conservation planning process, particularly in those privately protected areas that are established in areas where the land tenure system is based not only on ownership but also on customary uses. Drawing on qualitative and quantitative data obtained through semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders and members of communities surrounding a privately protected area in southern Ecuador, we identify that the level of collaboration with the managers, the distance to the protected area, the percentage of untitled land, and the dependence on the resources (customary uses) are among the variables affecting these perceptions and values. Positive perceptions towards protected areas and naturalistic values are developed among those who collaborate with the protected area managers, whereas negative perceptions, and a mix of naturalistic and biospheric values are developed among those who have a sense of a lack of attention to social needs although supporting nature conservation at the same time. The evidence presented shows the importance of matching local peoples’ expectations with conservation goals during the establishment of a protected area.

scholarly journals Addressing the Problems of Land Registration Processes in Complex Land Tenure Systems Using Computational Techniques: Evidence from Accra Ghana

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-57
Author(s):  
Williams Miller Appau ◽  
Baslyd B. Nara ◽  
Javier G. Morales
Keyword(s):  
Land Tenure ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Systems Design ◽  
Computational Techniques ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Land Registration ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
The People ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Land Tenure Systems

Land registration processes have been described to be simplistic in simple land tenure environments where land rights are treasured and registered by the state on behalf of the people. Duplication of tasks, repeated preparation of land registration documents, and wrong definition of tasks affect the activities and processes of land registration characterising complex land tenure environments. Many qualitative land registration models such as the use of Unified Modified Language (UML) diagrams have been developed to show the frameworks of land registration processes in most parts of the world. However, most researches avoid the technical implementation of these models. This paper presents the quantitative approaches to addressing the problems of land registration processes in complex land tenure systems using computational techniques such as Process Maker and Java Script. The paper used case study approach to collect data and systems design method for the output. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data from the Lands Commission of Accra and its stakeholders. Process maker software was operationalised using GeoJSON parcel file. Results show that, the simplification of land registration processes is based on the rationale behind the change (Data error, improved capacity, service quality), and the semantics (process re-engineering) involved in the computation of the modelling processes. The outcome has the ability to simplify an otherwise complex tenure system by avoiding delays and therefore improving the land registration processes.

scholarly journals About to Lose all the Soil in Zaka’s Ward 5, Zimbabwe: Rewards of Unsustainable Land Use

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 457 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.C. Makwara ◽  
D. Gamira
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Grazing Land ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Stream Bank ◽  
Land Tenure System ◽  
Ultimate Result ◽  
Decisive Action ◽  
Steep Slopes ◽  
Stocking Rates

Soil erosion which manifests itself in the form of gullies, rills and sheet wash is animmensely complicated process involving the interaction of many biological, social,economic, environmental and political factors. It varies in its occurrence bothspatially and temporally. The ultimate result of soil erosion is that it reduces cropyields and ruins agriculture, though the exact extent of soil erosion and landdegradation is not known.The study was carried out in Masvingo Province, ZakaDistrict, Ward 5 with 4502 households using the questionnaire survey, interviewand field observations as research methods. The study established that populationpressure ( people and livestock), as evidenced by, cultivation of steep slopes,stream bank cultivation, deforestation and overstocking are major problems .Fromthe results, it emerged that people continue to compound the problem by settlingand extending farmlands on steep slopes, stream banks, grazing land and dambos/veils. Therefore, there is need to educate people on conservation, proper tillage,proper or correct stocking rates, develop a proper land tenure system and avoidingland degradation. There are patches of abandoned land on account of failure tosupport crops or grazing. This means that there is need for soil conservationmeasures to be instituted so as to save the soil from further deterioration. This isnot to say nothing has been done before, rather it is the enormity of the problemthat dictates that form and decisive action needs be taken sooner rather than latter.Measures which have been implemented are fragmented and seem to have metwith very limited, if at all any, success so there might be need to revisit both theapproach ,methods, techniques and strategies which have been tried hitherto witha view to blend them with the yet untried and untested methods.

scholarly journals Conflits Fonciers Et Problématique De Développement Rural Dans La Sous-Préfecture De Mongo, Région Du Guéra (Tchad)

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (32) ◽  
pp. 213
Author(s):  
Moussa Alladjaba ◽  
Hervé Tchekote
Keyword(s):  
Land Tenure ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Land Conflicts ◽  
Colonial Authority ◽  
Urban Elite ◽  
Land Tenure System ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Traditional Authorities

Located in the Guéra region in central Chad, the Mongo Sub-Prefecture is the scene of recurring conflicts related to the occupation and exploitation of the land. While the phenomenon is neither new nor specific to this part of the country, the scale it has taken in recent years makes it a worrying subject. This land conflicts are driven by a multitude of actors with traditional authorities, agricultural producers and the urban elite at the center. They are fuelled by the fact that the legal land tenure system, set up first by the colonial authority and then renewed by the Chadian authorities, has never been a reality in rural areas. To conduct the study the questionnaire survey was conducted from a sample of 106 households. Subsequently, semi-structured interviews supplemented the information collected through the questionnaires. The results reveal not only a pluralism of norms whose contradiction in implementation is inevitably conflicting, but also and above all the actors' play around rural land, with a multitude of conflicts whose impact is strongly felt by populations, both in terms of agricultural or pastoral production, and in terms of trade and social cohesion. At the end of the study, it turns out that the population largely ignores the laws governing the land. The result is a pluralism of norms, but the customary rules are preponderant. This determines several modes of access and use of the land.

scholarly journals British Land Policies in the Gold Coast and Her Relations with Asante

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-181
Author(s):  
Samuel Adu-Gyamfi ◽  
Emmanuel Bempong ◽  
Henry Tettey Yartey ◽  
Benjamin Dompreh Darkwa
Keyword(s):  
Land Tenure ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Land Distribution ◽  
Cash Crops ◽  
Tenure System ◽  
The People ◽  
Land Tenure System ◽  
Laws And Policies ◽  
Land Policies

AbstractColonization successfully advanced various reforms in Africa that affected several practices on the continent. The various customs that have been affected include the land tenure system of British colonies in particular. An abundance of laws and policies were adopted with the sole aim of conserving the environment. These policies often clashed with indigenous interests and witnessed counter attacks as a result. Despite this, there is little information in the literature concerning how British land policies shaped their relations with the indigenous people, particularly the Asante. Based on a qualitative research approach, the current study uses Asante as a focal point of discourse in order to historically trace British land policies and how they, the British engaged with the people of Asante. From the discourse, it should be established that the colonial administration passed ordinances to mobilize revenue and not necessarily for the protection of the environment. In addition, the findings indicated that the boom in cash crops, such as cocoa and rubber, prompted Britain to reform the land tenure system. With the land policies, individuals and private organizations could acquire lands from local authorities for the cultivation of cash crops. We conclude that the quest to control land distribution caused the British to further annex Asante.

scholarly journals Prospects and challenges in ginger cultivation: Livelihood of the rural farmers in Dima Hasao district, Assam

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 724-728
Author(s):  
Phyllis Haizeutuale Panme ◽  
Lalzo S. Thangjom
Keyword(s):  
Land Tenure ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
Rural Farmers ◽  
Tenure System ◽  
The People ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Land Tenure System ◽  
Important Cash Crop ◽  
The Right ◽  
Additional Income

Ginger is an important cash crop which has gained a popular status among other major commercial crops for its profitability. Ginger cultivation provides additional income to households especially for the rural farmers in North Eastern India. The present study is an attempt to explore the prospects and challenges in ginger cultivation with special reference to Dima Hasao district of Assam. The major challenges that affects ginger production and marketing in the area under study is price fluctuation and inconsistent of ginger. Other factors like low innovation specific for ginger cultivation, lack of storage facilities, land tenure system affect the production as well as marketing of ginger. On the other hand the prospect of ginger cultivation is attributed to its profitability with very low investments. Since the cultivation of ginger in the area under study employs traditional method it requires no fertilizers and crop is easily maintained. The climatic condition in Dima Hasao district is ideal for growing ginger so, with the right approach and policy implementation, ginger has the potential to promote livelihood of the poor rural farmers on the district. Ginger cultivation can also be cultivated to provide supplementary additional income along with other crops. Promotion of livelihood in Dima Hasao district in order to secure the livelihood of the people within the traditional framework is a primary concern of the study.

scholarly journals Applying the Fit-for-Purpose Land Administration Concept to South Africa

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 602
Author(s):  
Christopher Williams-Wynn
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Administration System ◽  
Land Administration ◽  
Tenure System ◽  
The People ◽  
Land Tenure System ◽  
Fit For Purpose ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Land Administration Systems

What potential will the fit-for-purpose land administration concept have of working in the Republic of South Africa? This question is asked against the existence of a high-quality cadastre covering most of the South African landmass. However, a large proportion of the people living in South Africa live outside of this secure land tenure system. Many citizens and immigrants reside on communal land, in informal settlements, in resettled communities, in off-register housing schemes, and as farm dwellers, labour tenants and other occupants of commercial farms. Reasonable estimates suggest that there are more than 5 million land occupations that exist outside the formal land tenure system and hence outside the formal land administration system. This paper looks at the current bifurcated system and considers how the application of the fit-for-purpose land administration system can expand the existing cadastral system and provide security of tenure that is beneficial and acceptable to all. It demonstrates that, not only could it work, but it is also considered to be necessary. This paper uses South Africa as a case study to demonstrate how adjustments to institutional, legal and spatial frameworks will develop a fully inclusive, sufficiently accurate land administration system that fits the purpose for which it is envisioned. These country-specific proposals may well be of international interest to assist with the formulation of fit-for-purpose land administration systems being developed in other countries.

Pastoral Identity and Reluctance to Change: the Mbanderu of Ngamiland

1980 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uri Almagor
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Resistance To Change ◽  
Recent Book ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Psychological Traits ◽  
The People ◽  
Land Tenure System ◽  
Over Exploitation ◽  
Present Pattern

In a recent book on the economics of pastoralism in Africa, Konczacki argues that “the present pattern of land use” by pastoralists, “results in the over-exploitation of pastures and precludes the application of rational methods of range movement”. He applies his argument to sub-Sahara Africa in general and maintains that an improvement in the pastoral sector is possible only if the damaging results of “mismanagement” can be prevented and “a scientifically controlled approach” to range management can be introduced. Konczacki is aware that pastoral societies are slow to change and even oppose changes which are imposed upon them, but despite this he claims that “socio-psychological traits alone cannot provide sufficient explanation of their resistance to change”. It is true that a rapid growth of livestock population may lead to an over-exploitation of grazing grounds, and thus will focus the attention of government officials and planners on patterns of land use, so that a policy and a number of measures become necessary to prevent a deterioration of pastures. However, one gets the impression from Konczacki's argument that the existing land tenure system of pastoralists poses a problem at a merely technical level (of “mismanagement”) which can be separated from the “socio-psychological traits” of pastoralists, and solved if the people are only shown how to manage livestock properly and “wisely”. Nor is Konczacki alone in his technical and split view of pastoralists.

scholarly journals Faraizi Movement and Zamindars of Nineteenth Century Bengal: The Story of a Peasant Movement

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurul Hossein Choudhury
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
Tenure System ◽  
The People ◽  
Legal Restriction ◽  
Permanent Settlement ◽  
Land Tenure System ◽  
British Colonial ◽  
The Government

The British colonial rule in Bengal had a very ominous impact on the people of the region as a whole. The introduction of a new land tenure system, known as the Permanent Settlement, and the creation of an all-powerful zamindar class particularly affected the interests of the peasants of Bengal. Under the new system, the government demand on the zamindars was fixed in perpetuity, but there was no legal restriction on the zamindars to enhance their share from the peasants. The peasants, consequently, became vulnerable to irregular rent increases and oppressions by the zamindars. The Faraizi movement, organized initially in the nineteenth century to reform the Muslim society, soon assumed the character of agrarian movement. In order to protect the poor peasants, the Faraizis soon became radical and challenged the zamindars. As majority of the peasants of the region, where this movement was launched, were Muslims and their zamindars mostly Hindus, the Faraizis used Islamic symbols to mobilize the Muslim masses. Thus, religion and economy intertwined in shaping such a protest movement in pre-industrial Bengal.  

Syed Nawab Haider Naqvi, Mahmood Hasan Khan and M. Ghaffu Otaudhry (edt.). LaJld Reforms in Pakistan, A Historical Perspective. Islamabad: Pakistan Institute of Development Economics 1987. viii+216 pp.Price: Rs 220 (USS 35) for hardcover; Rs 140.00 (USS 20) for soft-cover.

1988 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-218
Author(s):  
Luther Tweeten
Keyword(s):  
Land Tenure ◽  
Land Reform ◽  
State Ownership ◽  
Land Reforms ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Rural Pakistan ◽  
The Status ◽  
Land Tenure System ◽  
Ownership Of Land ◽  
High Degree

The authors describe how Pakistan has grappled with land reform, surely one of the most intractable and divisive issues facing agriculture anywhere. The land-tenure system at independence in 1947 included a high degree of land ownership concentration, absentee landlordism, insecurity of tenant tenure, and excessive rent. Land reform since 1947 focused on imposition of ceilings on landholding, distribution of land to landless tenants and small owners, and readjustments of contracts to improve the position of the tenant. These reformist measures have removed some but by no means all of the undesirable characteristics of the system. The authors list as well as present a critique of the reports of five official committees and commissions on land reform. The reports highlight the conflicts and ideologies of the reformers. The predominant ideal of the land reformers is a system of peasant proprietorship although some reformers favoured other systems such as communal farming and state ownership of land, and still others favoured cash rents over share rents. More pragmatic reformers recognized that tenancy is likely to be with Pakistan for the foreseeable future and that the batai (sharecropping) arrangement is the most workable system. According to the editors, the batai system can work to the advantage of landlord and tenant if the ceilings on landholding can be sufficiently lowered (and enforced), the security of the tenant is ensured, and the tenant has recourse to the courts for adjudication of disputes with landlords. Many policy-makers in Pakistan have come to accept that position but intervention by the State to realize the ideal has been slow. The editors conclude that" ... the end result of these land reforms is that they have not succeeded in significantly changing the status quo in rural Pakistan" (p. 29).

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