PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS, ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL, ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF Clerodendrum species

Objectives: The present study was designed to investigate the phytochemical analysis, antioxidant potential, and antibacterial activities of the traditionally used medicinal plant Glycyrrhiza glabra. Methods: The plant secondary metabolites were extracted through cold percolation using methanol (MeOH) as a solvent. The MeOH extract was further fractionated in different solvents in increasing order of polarity. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay. The antibacterial activity was studied by agar well diffusion method. Results: The antioxidant potential IC50 was found 43.13, 104.83, and 200.11 μg/ml for ethyl acetate (EtOAc), MeOH, and chloroform (CHCl3) extracts, respectively. The EtOAc fraction showed the potent antioxidant with IC50 43.13 μg/ml compared to the standard ascorbic acid 58.76 μg/ml. The antimicrobial activity exhibited by MeOH extract against Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6051) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538P) zone of inhibition was 18 mm and 17 mm, for chloroform extracts 15 mm and 13 mm, and for EtOAc fraction 11 mm against Bacillus subtilis. The highest dilution that yielded no single bacteria colony on the nutrient agar plates for Bacillus subtilis and S. aureus of MeOH extract was found 0.39 mg/ml and 6.25 mg/ml, for chloroform extract 3.125 mg/ml and 6.25 mg/ml and EtOAc fraction against Bacillus subtilis was 12.50 mg/ml as minimum bactericidal concentration. Conclusion: The plant extracts showed potent antioxidant and antibacterial activity. The results support for using the G. glabra in bacterial infection which provides partial scientific validation for using the plant against bacterial infections.

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Evaluation of antibacterial activity and molecular characterization of bacteria from Holothuria atra intestine collected from anthropogenic and non-anthropogenic region in Karimunjawa, Indonesia

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity ◽

10.13057/biodiv/d210736 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (7) ◽

Author(s):

Bambang Sulardiono ◽

NINIEK WIDYORINI ◽

DJOKO SUPRAPTO ◽

DIAH AYUNINGRUM ◽

ARIF RAHMAN

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Molecular Characterization ◽

Molecular Identification ◽

Sea Cucumber ◽

Bacterial Isolates ◽

Plate Method ◽

Agar Plug ◽

16S Rdna Pcr ◽

Holothuria Atra

Abstract. Sulardiono B, Widyorini N, Suprapto D, Ayuningrum D, Rahman A. 2020. Evaluation of antibacterial activity and molecular characterization of bacteria from Holothuria atra intestine collected from anthropogenic and non-anthropogenic region in Karimunjawa, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 3149-3155. Evaluation of antibacterial activity and molecular characterization of bacteria from the intestine of Holothuria atra is needed in the anthropogenic region of Menjangan Besar, Karimunjawa. The research aims to evaluate antibacterial activity and molecular characterization of bacteria from intestine of Holothuria atra collected from anthropogenic and non-anthropogenic regions in Karimunjawa, Indonesia. Sea cucumber samples were collected at Menjangan Besar waters as anthropogenic region (code of HM) and Alang-alang waters as non-anthropogenics region (code of HA), Karimunjawa National Park, Indonesia. The H. atra sample collection was using purposive sampling method. Examination of the bacteria from isolation until molecular characterisation was done at the Tropical Marine Biotechnology Laboratory, Uiversitas Diponegoro. The isolation process was conducted using spread plate method, followed by bacterial isolates purification using streak plate method. Screening of antibacterial activity using the agar plug method, as well as molecular identification was conducted by 16S rDNA PCR amplification. The results of this study indicated that a total of 26 bacterial strains were successfully isolated from sea cucumber intestine, consisted of eleven bacterial isolates from H. atra in Menjangan Besar waters and the rest fifteen isolates from H. atra in Alang-alang waters. The preliminary assay of antibacterial test showed H. atra in both waters have potential bacterial isolates. Those bacterial isolates with antibacterial activity were HM1.2 and HA1.1, which based on molecular identification, showed isolates HM1.2 and HA1.1 had the closest similarity with Bacillus paramcoides and Vibrio alginolyticus consecutively, with BLAST homology 98% and 99%. The accession number for both isolates were LC550090 and LC550089, respectively.

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Green Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles using Crude Extract of Crotalaria burhia

RADS Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.37962/jpps.v8i4.464 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Khalil Ahmad ◽

Raeesa Noor ◽

Muhammad Younus ◽

Akram Chohan ◽

Ume Habiba ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Zeta Potential ◽

Green Synthesis ◽

Crude Extract ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Synthesis And Characterization ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

E Coli

Background: Appearance of antibiotic resistance has raised the demand to find alternative therapies and modified drug delivery system of medicinal plants to treat bacterial infections. Objective: The aim of this study is the green synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles by using crude extract of Crotalaria burhia and to evaluate their antibacterial potential. Methods: The roots and stems of plant were used to prepare the crude extract. The phytochemical analysis of different compounds in extract was performed. 1mM AgNO3 and different concentrations of plant extract were used for the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles. The particles size and zeta potential were measured by zeta sizer while surface morphology of silver nanoparticles was observed with Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles was performed by 96 well microdilution plate method. Results: The particle size and zeta potential of optimized formulation was 92 nm and -24.8 mV. The SEM analysis showed that silver nanoparticles are irregular and spherical shape. The antibacterial activity showed that MIC value of silver nanoparticles was lower for E. coli than S. aureus. Conclusion: Silver nanoparticles possess potent bactericidal activity against E. coli and moderate activity against S. aureus. It had been concluded that these nanoparticles can be used against multi-drug resistant bacterial infections.

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Studies on potential of Withania somnifera root extract against diabetic foot infection pathogens

Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology Research ◽

10.24896/jmbr.2017752 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (5) ◽

pp. 11

Author(s):

Abdul Kapur Mohamed Mydeen ◽

Ahmed John Syed Basha

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Diabetic Foot ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Root Extract ◽

Active Fraction ◽

Antibacterial Study ◽

Diabetic Foot Infections ◽

High Degree

Withaniasomnifera phytochemical analysis of root extract showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins saponins, carbohydrates, quinines and phenol compounds. Studies on the prevalence of diabetic foot infections showed a total of 88 isolates belongs to seven different genera. The standard antibacterial study reveals that E.coli and S.aureus were only isolated pathogens showed the high degree of resistant pattern against all tested antibiotics. S.aureus showed 100 percent resistant to penicillin, ampicillin and amoxicillin. Out of 40 S.aureus isolates, 23 were found to be methicillin resistant and 12 were vancomycin resistant. Similarly out of 22 E.coli, 18 were resistant to penicillin; ampicillin and nine isolates were resistant to amoxicillin. The antibacterial activity of W.somnifera root extract showed potent antibacterial activity at 5mg/mL against E.coli and S.aureus. Bio assay analysis of extracted compounds reveals that the Rf value of the active fraction is 0.38. Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrum of active fraction shows the presence of 7 different chemical constituents concludes further purification of active compound is necessary. The haemolytic study confirms that the extract is safe to use since there is no haemolysis of human RBCs. Further analysis of purification and characterization of an active fraction is required for structural elucidation.

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