scholarly journals SEPTORIA LEAF BLOTCH AND YELLOW RUST CONTROL BY: FUNGICIDE APPLICATION OPPORTUNITY AND GENETIC RESPONSE OF BREAD WHEAT VARIETIES

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Conceiço Gomes ◽  
Rita Costa ◽  
Ana Almeida ◽  
Jos Coutinho ◽  
Nuno Pinheiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Yellow Rust ◽  
Genetic Response ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Septoria Leaf Blotch ◽  
Leaf Blotch ◽  
Fungicide Application

Development of new bread wheat resistant mutants for Ug99 rust disease (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici).

2021 ◽  
pp. 312-319
Author(s):  
Abdulwahid Saif ◽  
Aref Al-Shamiri ◽  
Abdulnour Shaher
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Yellow Rust ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Rust Disease ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Rust Diseases ◽  
Mutant Lines

Abstract M3 derived mutants from two bread wheat varieties, namely, 'Giza 186' and 'Saha 93', were screened for resistance to the rust Ug99 at two locations in Njoro (Kenya) and in Tihama (Yemen). At Tihama, two mutants of 'Giza 186' (G-M2-2010-1-28 and G-M2-2010-41-52) and four mutants of 'Saha 93' (S-M2-2010-16-12, S-M2-2010-21-13, S-M2-2010-22-14 and S-M2-2010-27-15) were seen to be resistant at both seedling and adult stages while their parents were resistant at seedling stage and susceptible at adult stage. In Kenya, the resistance score of the mutants was slightly different from those obtained at Tihama. The mutants G-M2-2010-1-28 and G-M2-2010-41-52 were stable in their level of resistance recorded at Tihama, but only two mutants of 'Saha 93' (S-M2-2010-16-12 and S-M2-2010-27-15) were resistant at both growth stages. S-M2-2010-22-14 and S-M2-2010-21-13 were resistant at the seedling stage while susceptible at adult stage. Further selection on these mutants for yield potential, agronomic performance and yellow rust disease resistance, as well as on selected mutants of both 'Giza 186' and 'Saha 93', at M5-M6 stages identified superior mutant lines compared with the two parents 'Saha 93' and 'Giza 186'. These included the line Erra-010-GM2w-41-52-40, which ranked first in yield (3768 kg/ha), followed by the lines Erra-010-SwM2-16-12-19, Erra-010-GM2w-1-28-18 and Erra-010-SwM2-22-14-6. Moreover, it can be concluded that Erra-010-GM2w-41-52-40 and Erra-010-SwM2-16-12-19 are highly recommended for their resistance to stem and yellow rust diseases as well as for yield potential and preference by farmers. Therefore, efforts are in progress to increase their seeds for dissemination over a wide range of farmers and wheat areas where rust diseases are an epidemic, and for registration of the lines as improved mutant varieties.

scholarly journals Foliar fungicide application as management strategie to minimize the growing threat of yellow rust on wheat in Portugal

2018 ◽  
pp. 715
Author(s):  
Conceição Gomes, Ana Sofia Almeida, José Coutinho, Rita Costa, Nuno Pinheiro ◽  
João Coco, Armindo Costa, Ana Sofia Bagulho and Benvindo Maçãs
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Escape Behavior ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Yellow Rust ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Fungicide Application

Yellow rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, is a foliar wheat disease that cause significant yield losses in Portuguese bread and durum wheat yield, mainly in recent years. The strategies to disease control include cultural practices (crop rotation, use of balanced fertilizers, framework of planting dates), use of resistant varieties and fungicide application. The concern of modern plant breeding has been the improvement of new varieties with escape behavior to diseases and/or genetic resistance, but currently, the use of chemical produts offers a pratical and rapid response solution to combat rust outbreaks. In the present study, field experiments were conducted from 2013/2014 to 2016/2017 growing seasons to evaluate: 1) resistance levels against yellow rust in some bread and durum wheat varieties widely used by Portuguese farmers; 2) the opportunity of application of fungicide in the control of Puccinia striiformis in two stages of plant development; 3) gains obtained in each situation in yield and thousand kernel weight (TKW) compared to the control without fungicide application. This study allows to conclude that the need to use fungicide sprays it´s related not only on the carry over of rust inoculum in crop, but also of the races/strains of P. striiformis occurring in a region, the crop growth stage at time of symptom appearance and on variety level of resistance.

A framework to characterize the commercial life cycle of crop varieties: Application to the case study of the influence of yellow rust epidemics on French bread wheat varieties

2017 ◽  
Vol 209 ◽  
pp. 159-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rémi Perronne ◽  
Solène Diguet ◽  
Claude de Vallavieille-Pope ◽  
Marc Leconte ◽  
Jérôme Enjalbert
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Yellow Rust ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Crop Varieties

scholarly journals Septoria Leaf Blotch and Reduced Nitrogen Availability Alter WRKY Transcription Factor Expression in a Codependent Manner

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 4165
Author(s):  
Alistair A. Poll ◽  
Jack Lee ◽  
Roy A. Sanderson ◽  
Ed Byrne ◽  
John A. Gatehouse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Wrky Transcription Factor ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Zymoseptoria Tritici ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Septoria Leaf Blotch ◽  
Leaf Blotch ◽  
Reduced Nitrogen ◽  
Necrotrophic Stage ◽  
Transcription Factor Expression

A major cause of yield loss in wheat worldwide is the fungal pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici, a hemibiotrophic fungus which causes Septoria leaf blotch, the most destructive wheat disease in Europe. Resistance in commercial wheat varieties is poor, however, a link between reduced nitrogen availability and increased Septoria tolerance has been observed. We have shown that Septoria load is not affected by nitrogen, whilst the fungus is in its first, symptomless stage of growth. This suggests that a link between nitrogen and Septoria is only present during the necrotrophic phase of Septoria infection. Quantitative real-time PCR data demonstrated that WRKYs, a superfamily of plant-specific transcription factors, are differentially expressed in response to both reduced nitrogen and Septoria. WRKY39 was downregulated over 30-fold in response to necrotrophic stage Septoria, whilst changes in the expression of WRKY68a during the late biotrophic phase were dependent on the concentration of nitrogen under which wheat is grown. WRKY68a may therefore mediate a link between nitrogen and Septoria. The potential remains to identify key regulators in the link between nitrogen and Septoria, and as such, elucidate molecular markers for wheat breeding, or targets for molecular-based breeding approaches.

Yield and resistance to leaf diseases of modern winter bread wheat varieties under the limiting influence of biotic factors

2020 ◽  
pp. 11-25
Author(s):  
A.V. Yarosh ◽  
V.K. Riabchun ◽  
O.O. Chetveryk
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Septoria Leaf Blotch ◽  
Leaf Blotch ◽  
Winter Bread Wheat ◽  
Brown Leaf ◽  
Group Resistance

Aim. To identify new sources of resistance of winter bread wheat to powdery mildew,Septoria leaf blotch, brown leaf rust and of high yield capacity under the conditions of the northeastern part of the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Results and Discussion. The study of modern varieties of winter bread wheat onepiphytoties identified 88 sources with high (7-9 points) individual resistance to leaf diseases wereidentified, including 40 sources of resistance to powdery mildew, 20 sources of resistance to Septoria leaf blotch, and 28 sources of resistance to brown leaf rust. We selected 12 accessions of the highest breeding value due to their group resistance to powdery mildew, Septoria leaf blotch and brown leaf rust, among which domestic accessions bred by the Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics of NAS of Ukraine and the VM Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat of NAAS were predominant. As to foreign institutions, varieties bred at the RUE "Scientific and Practical Center for Agriculture of Belarus of NAS" stood out. Among the mid-tall sources of group resistance to powdery mildew, Septoria leaf blotch and brown leaf rust, three domestic genotypes with high yields (116-155% related to the check variety) were distinguished: Darynka Kyivska,Amina, Vezha Myronivska (UKR). Among the semi-dwarfs, Novosmuhlianka and Koliada (UKR) were the best varieties in terms of yield (152% related to the check variety). Conclusions. It was determined that there were moderate or strong positive correlationsbetween the resistance of the winter bread wheat accessions under investigation to leaf diseases on epiphytoties and yield capacity (r = 0.47-0.60) with the greatest significance (P <0.01). At thesame time, Septoria-induced reduction in the yields was more conspicuous than that caused by brown leaf rust and especially by powdery mildew. The identified winter bread wheat sources of resistance to powdery mildew, Septoria leaf blotch, and brown leaf rust as well as of high yield

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