Yield and resistance to leaf diseases of modern winter bread wheat varieties under the limiting influence of biotic factors

2020 ◽  
pp. 11-25
Author(s):  
A.V. Yarosh ◽  
V.K. Riabchun ◽  
O.O. Chetveryk
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Septoria Leaf Blotch ◽  
Leaf Blotch ◽  
Winter Bread Wheat ◽  
Brown Leaf ◽  
Group Resistance

Aim. To identify new sources of resistance of winter bread wheat to powdery mildew,Septoria leaf blotch, brown leaf rust and of high yield capacity under the conditions of the northeastern part of the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Results and Discussion. The study of modern varieties of winter bread wheat onepiphytoties identified 88 sources with high (7-9 points) individual resistance to leaf diseases wereidentified, including 40 sources of resistance to powdery mildew, 20 sources of resistance to Septoria leaf blotch, and 28 sources of resistance to brown leaf rust. We selected 12 accessions of the highest breeding value due to their group resistance to powdery mildew, Septoria leaf blotch and brown leaf rust, among which domestic accessions bred by the Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics of NAS of Ukraine and the VM Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat of NAAS were predominant. As to foreign institutions, varieties bred at the RUE "Scientific and Practical Center for Agriculture of Belarus of NAS" stood out. Among the mid-tall sources of group resistance to powdery mildew, Septoria leaf blotch and brown leaf rust, three domestic genotypes with high yields (116-155% related to the check variety) were distinguished: Darynka Kyivska,Amina, Vezha Myronivska (UKR). Among the semi-dwarfs, Novosmuhlianka and Koliada (UKR) were the best varieties in terms of yield (152% related to the check variety). Conclusions. It was determined that there were moderate or strong positive correlationsbetween the resistance of the winter bread wheat accessions under investigation to leaf diseases on epiphytoties and yield capacity (r = 0.47-0.60) with the greatest significance (P <0.01). At thesame time, Septoria-induced reduction in the yields was more conspicuous than that caused by brown leaf rust and especially by powdery mildew. The identified winter bread wheat sources of resistance to powdery mildew, Septoria leaf blotch, and brown leaf rust as well as of high yield

scholarly journals Isolation of sources of resistance of winter wheat samples to the group of pathogens as a component of immunological protection of plants

2017 ◽  
pp. 42-50
Author(s):  
L. Golosna ◽  
O. Afanasieva ◽  
G. Lisova ◽  
L. Kucherova
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Septoria Leaf Blotch ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Immunological Protection ◽  
Group Resistance

In 2014—2016 on the artificial infectious background of the pathogens of Septoria leaf blotch, leaf rust and bunt, and on the natural background of powdery mildew and root rot, the stability of the collection of cultivars of winter wheat of different ecological and geographical origin was assessed. Perspective sources of group resistance to pathogens are identified to powdery mildew and root rot — Midas (Austria); to pathogens of powdery mildew and bunt — Radiance (Ukraine), Miranda (Romania), F94578G3-1/Bucur // Delabrad (Romania); to leaf rust and root rot — Mukhran (Germany) and Mv17/Zrn (Iran). To the pathogen Septoria leaf bloth of winter wheat resistant varieties is not detected.

AC Hamilton barley

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 697-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Ho ◽  
W. L. Seaman ◽  
T. M. Choo ◽  
R. A. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Septoria Leaf Blotch ◽  
Leaf Blotch ◽  
Barley Breeding ◽  
Moderately Resistant

AC Hamilton is a six-rowed spring feed barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivar bred at the Plant Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, and evaluated by the Eastern Canada Barley Breeding Group. It was selected from a Leger/OAC Kippen cross and is suitable for growing in Ontario, where it outyielded the check cultivars AC Stephen and Chapais. AC Hamilton is moderately resistant to powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis f. sp. hordei) and is resistant to septoria leaf blotch (Septoria passerinii). Key words:Hordeum vulgare L., six-rowed barley, feed barley, high yield, powdery mildew

Allelism and resistance loci of powdery mildew and leaf rust in Egyptian hexaploid bread wheat

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Sobhy Draz ◽  
Ahmed Fawzy Elkot ◽  
Abdelrazek Shaarawy Abdelrhim
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Bread Wheat

scholarly journals Immunological characteristics of winter wheat varieties to the main pathogens in the right-bank Forest Steppe

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 74-81
Author(s):  
L. Golosna ◽  
O. G. Afanasieva ◽  
O.V. Shevchuk ◽  
L.O. Kucherova ◽  
I.S. Shvets ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Tan Spot ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
Common Bunt ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Group Resistance ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

Aim. To determine the resistance of winter wheat varieties to the main pathogens, to establish their stability and plasticity, to identify perspective sources of resistance. Methods. Laboratory – production of inoculum of pathogens; field – artificial inoculation,, assessment of variety stability; statistical calculation of disease severity, indicators of stability and plasticity. Results. In 2015–2017, the resistance of 43 varieties of winter wheat to the main pathogens of leaf diseases, common bunt and root rots was assessed. Resistance to powdery mildew was found in 32 varieties, tan spot – in 2, root rot – in 3, hard smut – in 2 varieties. Six varieties of winter wheat were characterized by group resistance. Varieties that combine high plasticity and stability of the sign of disease resistance have been identified. Conclusions. Valuable sources of resistance are winter wheat varieties with group resistance to common bunt and powdery mildew – Tradytsiia Odeska and Kurs; powdery mildew and tan spot – Nasnaga and Zolotonozhka; powdery mildew and root rot – Nezabudka and Shchedrist kyivska.Keywords: resistance, winter wheat, diseases, plasticity, stability.

scholarly journals Sources of resistance to fungal diseases for selection of spring soft wheat

2020 ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
Tatyana Yuryevna Taranova ◽  
Alexander Ivanovich Kincharov ◽  
Elena Anatolyevna Demina ◽  
Olga Sergeevna Mullayanova
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Fungal Diseases ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
New Genes ◽  
Spring Soft Wheat ◽  
Resistance To Fungal Diseases

For breeding to create varieties resistant to fungal diseases, it is effective to work in the search for new genes of resistance to pathogens, as well as to constantly update the gene pool of spring wheat. The researches were conducted in 2014-2019 in the Samara region. The object of study was 352 collection samples of spring soft wheat of various ecological and geographical groups. The assessment of samples for resistance to fungal pathogens was carried out against a natural infectious background, including in years with a strong development of certain diseases (powdery mildew – 2014, brown rust – 2016, 2017). Accounting of plant damage by fungal diseases was carried out according to generally accepted phytopathological methods. Since 2000, the laboratory has studied and developed more than one thousand collection samples, formed working characteristic collections of samples for resistance to leaf rust (142), powdery mildew (185) and with complex resistance to these diseases (100). According to the results of six-year studies, collection samples with complex resistance to leaf rust and powdery mildew were identified: Kinelskaya yubileynaya, Erythrospermum 4112, Erythrospermum 4143, Erythrospermum 4144, Erythrospermum 4146, Erythrospermum 4147, Lutescens 6045/7, Erythrospermum 6310/10-63 (Kinel), Khutoryanka (Tambov), Ulyanovskaya 105, Yaritsa (Ulyanovsk), Tulaykovskaya 108 (Bezenchuk), Sigma 2 (Omsk), KVS Aquilon (Germany). Relatively resistant to root rot pathogens samples were noted: Kinelskaya 2010, Lutescens 3960, Erythrospermum 4112, Erythrospermum 4171, Lutescens 4394 (Kinel). The selected varieties and breeding lines are recommended by us as sources of resistance to fungal diseases for use in breeding programs of the middle Volga region and research sites with similar agro-climatic conditions.

scholarly journals Map-based isolation of disease resistance genes from bread wheat: cloning in a supersize genome

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
BEAT KELLER ◽  
CATHERINE FEUILLET ◽  
NABILA YAHIAOUI
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Genetic Map ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Positional Cloning ◽  
Repetitive Sequences ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Genome Projects

The genome of bread wheat is hexaploid and contains 1·6×1010 bp of DNA, of which more than 80% is repetitive sequences. Its size and complexity represent a challenge for the isolation of agronomically important genes, for which we frequently know only their position on the genetic map. Recently, new genomic resources and databases from genome projects have simplified the molecular analysis of the wheat genome. The first genes to be isolated from wheat by map-based cloning include three resistance genes against the fungal diseases powdery mildew and leaf rust. In this review, we will describe the approaches and resources that have contributed to this progress, and discuss genomic strategies that will simplify positional cloning in wheat in the near future.

scholarly journals Characteristics of wheat leaf diseases development in Latvia

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biruta Bankina ◽  
Ilza Priekule
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Septoria Tritici ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Septoria Leaf Blotch ◽  
Leaf Blotch ◽  
Wheat Leaf ◽  
Disease Epidemics

The field observations were carried out in 1999-2004 on 29 fields in Latvia. Incidence and severities of wheat leaf diseases were determined. Tan pot caused by <i>Drechslera tritici</i>-<i>repentis</i> and Septoria leaf blotch, induced by <i>Septoria tritici</i> were the most harmful diseases at the time of research (incidence 10-100% and 1-100%, respectively). Also the incidence of powdery mildew, caused by <i>Blomeria graminis</i> was high (4-100%), while that of rusts (<i>Puccinia tritici</i> and <i>P. striiformis</i>) was very low. Changes in disease epidemics were determined and showed the differences between the analyzed diseases.

scholarly journals Fungicides against diseases of lawn grass leaves

2019 ◽  
pp. 7-9
Author(s):  
S. Retman ◽  
O. Nychyporuk ◽  
О. Shevchuk
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Septoria Leaf Blotch ◽  
Leaf Blotch ◽  
Chemical Groups ◽  
Positive Effect

Goal. To evaluate the effectiveness of the use of fungicides of various chemical groups against the leaf diseases turfgrass. Methods. The research was carried out in 2015—2017 on the lawn mixture «Universal» in the zone of the Polissya of Ukraine. The effect of fungicides of various chemical groups was investigated (Impact T, SC; Bumper Super, EC; Amistar Extra 280 SC, SC; Alto Super 300 EC, EC; Maxim 025 FS, FS; Horus 75 WG, WG). Fungicides were applied twice. The first spraying was carried out when development of diseases in control plot reached 3—5%, the second — in 30 days. The assessments were performed according to generally accepted methods, disease spread, disease severity and technical efficiency of pesticides were determined. Results. During the period of research, the most common leaf diseases of turfgrass, which eveloped annually and had a significant severity during the growing season, were powdery mildew and septoria leaf blotch. After two-time spraying, the technical efficiency of fungicides against powdery mildew reached 82.2—92.2%, against septoria leaf blotch up to 80.2%. The most effective against powdery mildew was the use of Alto Super 330 EC, EC (0.5 l / ha), Amistar Extra 280 SC, SC (0.75 l / ha) and tank mixture of Maxim 025 FS, FS (0.75 l / ha and 1.0 l / ha) with Horus 75 WG, VH (0.6 kg / ha). Against the septoria leaf blotch, the highest efficiency was shown by Alto Super 330 EC, EC (0.5 l / ha), Bumper Super, EC (0.8 l / ha) and Maxim 025 FS, FS (1.0 l / ha) + Horus 75 WG, WG (0.6 kg / ha). In addition, due to the reduction of disease severity, a positive effect of fungicides on the quality of the lawn was achieved and the projective coating increased to 92—93%. Conclusion. The use of fungicides contributes to the reduction of disease and the formation of quality herbs. The best indicators against flour dew and septoriosis of leaves were obtained for the treatment of Alto Super 330 EC, CE (0.5 l / ha) and tank Maxim 025 FS, tc.s. (1.0 l / ha) + Horus 75 WG, VH (0.6 kg / ha).

scholarly journals Peculiarities of action and retrospective analysis of fungicides efficacy for protection of soft winter wheat against leaf diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. 224-232
Author(s):  
N. A. Krupenko* ◽  
I. N. Odintsova
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Septoria Leaf Blotch ◽  
Leaf Blotch ◽  
Biological Efficacy ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Soft Winter Wheat

The data on the efficacy of 40 fungicides for protection of soft winter wheat against leaf diseases during 2010–2019 are demonstrated. Biological efficacy is calculated based upon the area under the curve of disease development. Biological and economical efficacy of those compounds has been analyzed depending on the number of components, as well as chemical classes of active agents in those compounds. The highest biological efficacy of one-component fungicides against powdery mildew has been recorded for those containing proquinazid, tebuconazole and metrafenone – 69.9–79.3 %. Among 23 two-component fungicides the higher efficacy (82.1–84.3 %) against powdery mildew has been recorded for the fungicides containing azole combined with morpholine. Biological efficacy against Septoria leaf blotch has varied from 64.7 to 88.0 % depending on fungicide composition. Among three-component fungicides the efficacy against powdery mildew has varied from 59.5 to 82.8 %, and against Septoria leaf blotch it has varied from 59.8 to 89.9 %. As a result of the diseases severity decrease due to the fungicide application the saved yield has reached 9.9 centner of grain per hectare.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document