scholarly journals Statistical Optimisation using Taguchi Method for Transesterification of Reutealis Trisperma Oil to Biodiesel on CaO-ZnO Catalysts

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 686-695
Author(s):  
Zeni Rahmawati ◽  
H. Holilah ◽  
Santi Wulan Purnami ◽  
Hasliza Bahruji ◽  
Titie Prapti Oetami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Taguchi Method ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Response Parameter ◽  
Ester Yield ◽  
Optimization Parameters ◽  
Co Precipitation ◽  
Open Access Article

Optimisation of biodiesel production from non-edible Reutealis Trisperma oil (RTO) was investigated using Taguchi method. Biodiesel was produced via consecutive esterification and transesterification reactions. Esterification of RTO was carried out using acid catalyst to decrease the amount of free fatty acid from 2.24% to 0.09%. Subsequent transesterification of the treated oil with methanol over a series of CaO-ZnO catalysts was optimized based on the L9 Taguchi orthogonal approach. The optimization parameters are Ca/Zn ratio (0.25, 0.5, and 1), methanol/oil ratio (10, 20, and 30) and reaction time (0.5, 1, and 2 h). CaO-ZnO catalysts at variation of Ca/Zn ratios were prepared using co-precipitation method and characterized using XRD, SEM, TEM, and FTIR analysis. The amount of methyl ester yield was used as the response parameter in the S/N ratio analysis and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The optimum parameter for RTO transesterification to biodiesel was determined at Ca/Zn ratio of 1, methanol oil ratio of 30 and reaction time for 2 h. Transesterification under these optimized parameter generated 98% of biodiesel yield, inferring the validity of the statistical approach. Furthermore, ANOVA analysis also confirmed that all the parameters were significantly contributed at approximately equal percentage towards the amount of biodiesel. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0). 

Synthesis and Characterization of Heterogeneous Solid Acid Catalyst from Alstonia Scolaris Stalks for Biodiesel Production using Waste Cooking Oil

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charishma Venkata Sai Anne ◽  
Karthikeyan S. ◽  
Arun C.
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Solid Acid ◽  
Solid Acid Catalyst ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Wood Biomass ◽  
Waste Wood ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cooking Oil

Background: Waste biomass derived reusable heterogeneous acid based catalysts are more suitable to overcome the problems associated with homogeneous catalysts. The use of agricultural biomass as catalyst for transesterification process is more economical and it reduces the overall production cost of biodiesel. The identification of an appropriate suitable catalyst for effective transesterification will be a landmark in biofuel sector Objective: In the present investigation, waste wood biomass was used to prepare a low cost sulfonated solid acid catalyst for the production of biodiesel using waste cooking oil. Methods: The pretreated wood biomass was first calcined then sulfonated with H2SO4. The catalyst was characterized by various analyses such as, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The central composite design (CCD) based response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to study the influence of individual process variables such as temperature, catalyst load, methanol to oil molar ration and reaction time on biodiesel yield. Results: The obtained optimized conditions are as follows: temperature (165 ˚C), catalyst loading (1.625 wt%), methanol to oil molar ratio (15:1) and reaction time (143 min) with a maximum biodiesel yield of 95 %. The Gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of biodiesel produced from waste cooking oil was showed that it has a mixture of both monounsaturated and saturated methyl esters. Conclusion: Thus the waste wood biomass derived heterogeneous catalyst for the transesterification process of waste cooking oil can be applied for sustainable biodiesel production by adding an additional value for the waste materials and also eliminating the disposable problem of waste oils.

Reactive Adsorption Desulfurization of Thiophene in n-hexane over Oxides Adsorbent of NiO-ZnO/Al2O3-SiO2

2013 ◽  
Vol 455 ◽  
pp. 43-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Ming Hou ◽  
Ben Xian Shen ◽  
Ji Gang Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Structural Properties ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Chemical Process ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Reactive Adsorption ◽  
Adsorption Desulfurization ◽  
Co Precipitation

The oxides adsorbent of NiO-ZnO/-Al2O3-SiO2 was prepared by co-precipitation method. SEM, XRD and BET studies were performed to understand the structural properties of the adsorbent. And the adsorbent can be used for the desulfurization of thiophene in n-hexane as model gasoline. Removal rate of thiophene increased with increasing reaction time. Removal rate of thiophene in equilibrium decreases with increasing the initial concentration of thiophene. The extent of adsorption in adsorbent increased with increasing the initial concentration of thiophene. The removal rate of thiophene increases with increasing reaction temperature, it showed that the desulfurization is a chemical process not a physical process.

INFLUENCE OF SYNTHESIS CONDITIONS ON Al(OH)3–Y(OH)3/ZrB2 COMPOSITE PARTICLES

2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (06) ◽  
pp. 1135-1141 ◽  
Author(s):  
JIE-GUANG SONG ◽  
LIAN-MENG ZHANG ◽  
JUN-GUO LI ◽  
JIAN-RONG SONG
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Composite Particles ◽  
Coating Quality ◽  
Ultrasonic Dispersion ◽  
High Temperature Properties ◽  
Synthesis Conditions ◽  
Solution Reaction ◽  
Co Precipitation

Although Zirconium diboride ( ZrB 2) is a desirable combination with some good properties, it is easily oxidized in the high-temperature air to impact high-temperature properties, which dwindles the applied range. In order to decrease oxidization and improve the high-temperature properties of ZrB 2, the surface of ZrB 2 is coated with Al ( OH )3– Y ( OH )3 to synthesize Al ( OH )3– Y ( OH )3/ ZrB 2 composite particles. In this paper, the conditions of synthesizing Al ( OH )3– Y ( OH )3/ ZrB 2 composite particles by the co-precipitation method are investigated. Al ( OH )3– Y ( OH )3/ ZrB 2 composite particles are synthesized under different conditions, but the conditions of synthesizing Al ( OH )3– Y ( OH )3/ ZrB 2 composite particles with the better coating quality require pH = 9, the appropriate concentration ( Al 3+ = 0.017 mol/L , Y 3+ = 0.01 mol/L ) of composite solution, reaction time of 60 min, titration speed of 0.05 ml/s, using the dispersant in the ZrB 2 suspension and the ultrasonic dispersion, respectively.

scholarly journals The Heterogeneous Aminohydroxylation Reaction Using Hydrotalcite-Like Catalysts Containing Osmium

Catalysts ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 547
Author(s):  
Mohamed Fadlalla ◽  
Glenn Maguire ◽  
Holger Friedrich
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Amino Alcohol ◽  
Amino Alcohols ◽  
Solvent System ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Reaction Solution ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Transformation Reaction ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Co Precipitation

The aminohydroxylation reaction of olefins is a key organic transformation reaction, typically carried out homogeneously with toxic and expensive osmium (Os) catalysts. Therefore, heterogenisation of this reaction can unlock its industrial potential by allowing reusability of the catalyst. Os–Zn–Al hydrotalcite-like compounds (HTlcs), as potential heterogeneous aminohydroxylation catalysts, were synthesised by the co-precipitation method and characterised by several techniques. Reaction parameters (i.e., solvent system, reaction temperature, and catalyst structure) were optimized with cyclohexene, styrene, and hexene as substrates. The different classes of olefins (aliphatic, aromatic, and functionalised) that were tested gave >99% conversion and high selectivity (>97%) to the corresponding β-amino alcohol. The catalyst HTlc structure had a significant effect on the reaction time and yield of the β-amino alcohols. Under the same testing conditions, a heat treated catalyst (non-HTlc) showed a shorter reaction time, but drop in the yield of β-amino alcohols and rise in diol formation was observed. Leaching tests showed that 2.9% and 3.4% of Os (inactive) leached from the catalyst to the reaction solution when MeCN/water (1:1 v/v) and t-BuOH/water (1:1 v/v), respectively, were used as the solvent system. Recycling studies showed that the catalyst can be reused at least thrice, with no significant difference in the yield of the β-amino-alcohol.

Process optimization of biodiesel production from Neem oil

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (06) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anindita Karmakar ◽  
Souti Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Edible Oils ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Neem Oil ◽  
Acid Pretreatment ◽  
Edible Plant ◽  
Short Supply ◽  
Biodiesel Feedstocks

Biodiesel is one of the most important types of sustainable alternate bioenergy sources. In developing countries like India, where edible oils are in short supply non-edible plant oils are used as biodiesel feedstocks. In the present work an attempt was made to produce biodiesel from crude neem oil. Due to its high FFA content, neem oil was processed in two steps: acid pretreatment followed by base catalyzed transesterification. The optimum combination for reducing the FFA of crude neem oil to less than 1% after pretreatment was found to be 1.58%v/v H2SO4 acid catalyst, 0.63v/v methanol to oil ratio and 90 min reaction time at a reaction temperature of 60oC as compared to 0.23 v/v methanol to pretreated oil ratio and 23 min reaction time for transesterification. The maximum yield of biodiesel was 90.5%. The properties of produced biodiesel were found quite comparable to diesel and also met the ASTM standards.

Thermodynamic and kinetic approach of biodiesel production from waste cooking oil using nano-catalysts

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saima Noreen ◽  
Iqra Sahar ◽  
Nasir Masood ◽  
Munawar Iqbal ◽  
Muhammad Zahid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Used Cooking Oil ◽  
Optimum Reaction ◽  
Co Precipitation ◽  
Nano Catalysts

Abstract This study focusses on the production of biodiesel by reacting the heterogeneous based nano-catalysts with used cooking oil in the presence of methanol. The CZO nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by co-precipitation method and characterized by different techniques. Biodiesel was characterized by the gas chromatograph (GC) and Fourier Transform Infra-red Spectroscopy (FTIR). Optimum conditions for the maximum biodiesel yield (90%) were 0.2% (w/w) catalyst dose, 3:1 methanol to oil ratio, 50 °C reaction temperature, 150 min reaction time and 136 rpm stirring speed. The kinetic modeling and the thermodynamic factors like enthalpy (ΔH), activation energy (Ea), entropy (ΔS) and free energy (ΔG) were operated on all the data. Mean and standard deviation was used for analysis of data. The results indicate the maximum biodiesel yield under the optimum reaction conditions, which is promising to reduce the pollution such as air pollution and greenhouse effect for sustainable environmetal development.

scholarly journals Continuous Production of ws2 Nanoparticles by Co-Precipitation Method

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Continuous Production ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Temperature Reaction ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Design Modification ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Initial Investigation ◽  
Inorganic Fullerene ◽  
Co Precipitation

This manuscript demonstrates the design, modification and initial investigation of a co-precipitation method for manufacturing of inorganic fullerene WS2 nanoparticles. Different preparation methods starting with various precursors have been investigated. Furthermore, the influence of temperature, reaction time, and reaction gases etc, on the synthesis of inorganic fullerene WS2 nanomaterials was investigated, and these parameters were optimised based on combined characterisations using XRD, SEM and TEM.

scholarly journals Biodiesel Production Optimization using Heterogeneous Catalyst (Al2O3) in Karanja oil by Taguchi Method

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 5555-5558
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Taguchi Method ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalyst ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Production Optimization ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Experimental Yield ◽  
Karanja Oil

Biodiesel is renewable and environmental friendly fuel which has the potential to obtain considerable performance of engine. The aim of this work is to optimize the transesterification process for production of biodiesel using Taguchi method. In this experimental work, the Karanja oil transesterification is done to produce biodiesel using Al2O3 as a heterogeneous catalyst, using five parameters and five levels. Orthogonal array obtained by Minitab to analyze the interaction effect by using Taguchi method for the transesterification reaction. The parameters such as molar ratio of methanol to oil, catalyst concentration, reaction temperature, reaction time and stirring speed are effect on biodiesel yield. Effect of these parameters is investigated on small scale. Experimental yield obtained at optimal conditions i.e. are 20:1 molar ratio of methanol to oil, addition of 3% Al2O3 catalyst, reaction temperature 65ºC, reaction time 60 min and 600 rpm stirring speed is 80%.

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