scholarly journals Preparation of Bi2O3/TiO2–Montmorillonite Nanocomposites and Their Applications to the Photodegradation of Pentachlorophenol

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-87
Author(s):  
Nacéra Boumahdi ◽  
Amel Hadj-Ziane-Zafour ◽  
Hafsa Yaiche-Achour ◽  
Hussein Khalaf
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Efficiency ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
The West ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Past ◽  
Preparation Conditions ◽  
Photocatalytic Activities ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Pillared Montmorillonites ◽  
Open Access Article

In the past decades, there has been a growing tendency to study the different techniques that can increase the photocatalytic efficiency as well as recyclability of new products “photocatalysts” for water treatment. In this last research the effect of bismuth addition to titanium was investigated. Bi/Ti-pillared montmorillonites have been prepared from natural Algerian bentonite exactly from deposits of Maghnia situated in the west side of the country. These nanocomposites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) methods, and Fourier Transformed Infrared (FT-IR). The photocatalytic activities have been tested for the removal of pentaclorophenol (PCP) in water. The effect of preparation conditions, the pH of the solution and photocatalysts concentration, on these activities has been investigated. It was found that the photocatalytic degradation increase by addition of bismuth in pillaring process. The Mont-Bi-Ti is shown to be the best photocatalyst in term of photocatalytic activity. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0). 

scholarly journals Hydrothermal Synthesis, Characterization and Exploration of Photocatalytic Activities of Polyoxometalate: Ni-CoWO4 Nanoparticles

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 456
Author(s):  
Fahad A. Alharthi ◽  
Hamdah S. Alanazi ◽  
Amjad Abdullah Alsyahi ◽  
Naushad Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Hydrothermal Synthesis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Structure Morphology ◽  
Photocatalytic Activities ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Photocatalytic Reactions ◽  
Cobalt Tungstate

This study demonstrated the hydrothermal synthesis of bimetallic nickel-cobalt tungstate nanostructures, Ni-CoWO4 (NCW-NPs), and their phase structure, morphology, porosity, and optical properties were examined using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Scanning electron microscopy- energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), high resolution Transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and Raman instruments. It was found that as-calcined NCW-NPs have a monoclinic phase with crystal size ~50–60 nm and is mesoporous. It possessed smooth, spherical, and cubic shape microstructures with defined fringe distance (~0.342 nm). The photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) and rose bengal (RB) dye in the presence of NCW-NPs was evaluated, and about 49.85% of MB in 150 min and 92.28% of RB in 90 min degraded under visible light. In addition, based on the scavenger’s study, the mechanism for photocatalytic reactions is proposed.

scholarly journals Nickel-phenanthroline Complex Supported on Mesoporous Carbon as a Catalyst for Carboxylation under CO2 Atmosphere

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-119
Author(s):  
Iman Abdullah ◽  
Riri Andriyanti ◽  
Dita Arifa Nurani ◽  
Yuni Krisyuningsih Krisnandi
Keyword(s):  
Mesoporous Carbon ◽  
Nickel Complex ◽  
Solid Support ◽  
Soft Template ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Phenanthroline Complex ◽  
Temperature Time ◽  
Open Access Article

Carbon dioxide is a highly potential renewable C1 source for synthesis of fine chemicals. Utilization of CO2 in carboxylation reactions requires catalysts, such as: nickel complex for CO2 activation. However, the use of homogeneous catalysts in the reaction is still less efficient due to the difficulty of separating the product and catalyst from reaction mixture. Therefore, it is necessary to heterogenize the nickel complex in a solid support such as mesoporous carbon. In this report, mesoporous carbon (MC) prepared from phloroglucinol and formaldehyde through soft template method was used as a solid support for Ni-phenanthroline complex (Ni-phen). The catalyst was characterized by Fourier Transform Infra Red (FT-IR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope - Energy Dispersive X-Ray (SEM-EDX), and Surface Area Analyzer (SAA). The result of SAA characterization showed that the pore diameter of MC was 6.7 nm and Ni-phen/MC was 5.1 nm which indicates that the materials have meso-size pores. Ni-phen/MC material was then used as a heterogeneous catalyst in the carboxylation reaction of phenylacetylene under an ambient CO2 pressure. The reactions were carried out in several variations of conditions such as temperature, time and catalyst types. Based on the results of the reaction, the best conditions were obtained at 25 °C for 8 h of reaction time using Ni-phen/MC catalyst.  Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0). 

scholarly journals Ultrasound-Assisted Rapid ZIF-8 Synthesis, Porous ZnO Preparation by Heating ZIF-8, and Their Photocatalytic Activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Pham Dinh Du ◽  
Nguyen Trung Hieu ◽  
Tran Vinh Thien
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Diffuse Reflectance ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Photocatalytic Activities ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

Zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) is synthesized quickly at room temperature in methanol with the support of ultrasound. Porous ZnO is also prepared via the thermal treatment of ZIF-8. The photocatalytic activities of the obtained materials are demonstrated via methylene blue (MB) decomposition under UV radiation. The obtained materials are characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms, UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra (DR-UV-Vis), and photoluminescence spectra. The results indicate that ZIF-8 and the materials obtained from ZIF-8 by heating in the air have photocatalytic activity under UV irradiation. The ZnO sample obtained by ZIF-8 calcination at 660°C for 5 h has the highest photocatalytic activity. However, the MB degradation photocatalytic efficiency of the ZnO samples is even lower than that of the ZIF-8 samples, indicating that ZIF-8 is an effective photocatalyst in the treatment of environmental pollution.

scholarly journals Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue and Metanil Yellow Dyes Using Green Synthesized Zinc Oxide (ZnO) Nanocrystals

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
S. Shwetha Priyadharshini ◽  
Jayachamarajapura Pranesh Shubha ◽  
Jaydev Shivalingappa ◽  
Syed Farooq Adil ◽  
Mufsir Kuniyil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Zno Nanocrystals ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Photocatalytic Activities ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Metanil Yellow

In this work, ZnO nanocrystals (NCs) have been effectively synthesized by a simple, efficient and cost-effective method using coconut husk extract as a novel fuel. The synthesized NCs are characterized by UV-Vis, XRD, FT-IR, SEM, EDX, Raman and PL studies. The obtained ZnO were found to be UV-active with a bandgap of 2.93 eV. The X-ray diffraction pattern confirms the crystallinity of the ZnO with hexagonally structured ZnO with a crystallite size of 48 nm, while the SEM analysis reveals the hexagonal bipyramid morphology. Photocatalytic activities of the synthesized ZnO NCs are used to degrade methylene blue and metanil yellow dyes.

Study on Adsorption Properties of Lignocellulose/ Organic Montmorillonite Nanocomposites

2011 ◽  
Vol 356-360 ◽  
pp. 325-330
Author(s):  
Min Min Wang ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
Ai Qin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Property ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Solution Intercalation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Organic Montmorillonite ◽  
Preparation Conditions ◽  
Result Show ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Reactive Compatibilizer

Lignocellulose/organic montmorillonite (LNC/OMMT) nanocomposites have been prepared by the solution intercalation method from pristine montmorillonite (MMT),using Cetyl three methyl brominated ammonium(CTAB) as the reactive compatibilizer between LNC and MMT .Then the nanocomposites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared(FT-IR),X-ray diffraction(XRD) and Scanning electron microscope(SEM).Diffferent preparation conditions influence of the adsorption property on nanocomposites for Congo Red were studied. The characterization results indicate that LNC molecules have intercalated into the interlayers of OMMT and increased its interlayer distance. The intercalated structure was formed in LNC/OMMT nanocomposits. The adsorption result show that the nanocomposits have higher adsorption capacity with weight ratio of LNC to OMMT 6:1, reaction temperature 50°C, reaction time 6 h, concentration of NaOH 10%.

Preparation of Conducting Polypyrrole in Gelatin Solution

2011 ◽  
Vol 306-307 ◽  
pp. 717-721
Author(s):  
Hui Rong Ma ◽  
Mei Li ◽  
Cong De Qiao ◽  
Jin Shui Yao
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transformation ◽  
Polymerization Process ◽  
Gelatin Solution ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Preparation Conditions ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Gelatin Concentration ◽  
Size And Morphology ◽  
Conducting Polypyrrole

Polypyrrole (PPy) nanoparticles were successfully synthesized from the gelatin solution. PPy nanoparticles with different size and morphology are prepared by changing the preparation conditions including the gelatin concentrations, with surfactant or not. The characteristics of the obtained PPy particles was collected by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), The X-ray diffraction(XRD), Fourier transformation infrared(FT-IR) spectra and Four-probe conductivity meter. The results indicated PPy could form nanoparticles, whereas some bigger spheres occurred when the gelatin concentration is 0.05g/L and the conductivity of the PPy is 0.05S/cm. The possible mechanism was proposed that the gelatin is used as a morphology-directing agent in the polymerization process.

Sol-Gel Preparation of Fe-Doped TiO2 Loaded on HZSM-5 Zeolite

2010 ◽  
Vol 146-147 ◽  
pp. 466-469
Author(s):  
Wen Jie Zhang ◽  
Kuan Ling Wang ◽  
Yang Yu
Keyword(s):  
Supported Catalysts ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Doped Tio2 ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Photocatalytic Activities ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Supported Tio2 ◽  
Gel Preparation ◽  
Scanning Electron

Iron doped TiO2 nanoparticles with different doping amounts were prepared using sol–gel method and characterized. These materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Photocatalytic activities of the supported catalysts were examined for decolorization processes of methyl orange (MO) solution under UV irradiation. The results showed that doping of Fe3+ enhanced the photocatalytic activity of TiO2/HZSM-5, and the optimum Fe3+ doping of Fe/Ti mole ratio for TiO2/HZSM-5 was 0.07%. Doping of Fe3+ did not change the surface morphology of TiO2/HZSM-5. The Fe3+-doped TiO2/HZSM-5 possessed the anatase structures and Ti-O-Si bonds did not form between the HZSM-5 bulk and the supported TiO2.

scholarly journals Structural and Morphological Studies of V2O5/MWCNTs and ZrO2/MWCNTs Composites as Photocatalysts

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Sajid Iqbal ◽  
Tanveer Hussain Bokhari ◽  
Shoomaila Latif ◽  
Muhammad Imran ◽  
Ayesha Javaid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Photocatalytic Application ◽  
Photocatalytic Activities ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Multiwall Carbon ◽  
Scanning Electron

The present study outlines the synthesis of transition metal oxide- (TMO-) multiwall carbon nanotubes- (MWCNTs-) based composites for photocatalytic application. MWCNTs were functionalized/purified by treating with H2SO4 and HNO3 to improve their dispersion in water. The TMOs (ZrO2, V2O5) were decorated on MWCNTs by the hydrothermal method to yield V2O5/MWCNTs and ZrO2/MWCNTs composites. Subsequently, these composites were characterized for their structural/morphological studies by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Photocatalytic activities of TMO/MWCNTs composites were investigated by degradation phenomenon of methylene blue (MB) dye in aqueous solution. It was observed that the prepared composites best performed in the presence of H2O2 under ultraviolet irradiation. The maximum observed degradation efficiencies for ZrO2/MWCNTs and V2O5/MWCNTs were 49% and 96%, respectively.

The Use of Advanced Analytical Techniques for Characterization of the Chemical, Physical, and Crystallographic Nature of a Surface

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 132-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Herfert
Keyword(s):  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Depth Of Penetration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

Studies of the nature of a surface, either metallic or nonmetallic, in the past, have been limited to the instrumentation available for these measurements. In the past, optical microscopy, replica transmission electron microscopy, electron or X-ray diffraction and optical or X-ray spectroscopy have provided the means of surface characterization. Actually, some of these techniques are not purely surface; the depth of penetration may be a few thousands of an inch. Within the last five years, instrumentation has been made available which now makes it practical for use to study the outer few 100A of layers and characterize it completely from a chemical, physical, and crystallographic standpoint. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) provides a means of viewing the surface of a material in situ to magnifications as high as 250,000X.

RNA polymerase: Preparation and structural analysis of helical polymers

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 152-153
Author(s):  
E. Loren Buhle ◽  
Pamela Rew ◽  
Ueli Aebi
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Helical Polymers ◽  
X Ray ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ordered Arrays ◽  
Low Ionic Strength

While DNA-dependent RNA polymerase represents one of the key enzymes involved in transcription and ultimately in gene expression in procaryotic and eucaryotic cells, little progress has been made towards elucidation of its 3-D structure at the molecular level over the past few years. This is mainly because to date no 3-D crystals suitable for X-ray diffraction analysis have been obtained with this rather large (MW ~500 kd) multi-subunit (α2ββ'ζ). As an alternative, we have been trying to form ordered arrays of RNA polymerase from E. coli suitable for structural analysis in the electron microscope combined with image processing. Here we report about helical polymers induced from holoenzyme (α2ββ'ζ) at low ionic strength with 5-7 mM MnCl2 (see Fig. 1a). The presence of the ζ-subunit (MW 86 kd) is required to form these polymers, since the core enzyme (α2ββ') does fail to assemble into such structures under these conditions.

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