FORMULATION OF CINNAMON BARK ESSENTIAL OIL GEL AS MOSQUITO REPELLENT

Objective: The purpose of this research is to prepare a cinnamon bark essential oil gel preparation, determines the physical characteristic and physical stability during storage, and examines the activity of mosquito repellent from the best gel preparation. Methods: The formulations of gel were made with variations in the concentration of Carbopol 940 (0.5%, 1.5%, and 2%) contain 1% of cinnamon bark essential oil. The gel evaluated physical characteristics and physical stability. The parameters of organoleptic, homogeneity, and pH are analyzed descriptive, while the viscosity, the spreadability, and the gel adhesion were analyzed using one-way ANOVA at the level of confidence of 95%. The best gel tested its effectiveness as compared to the negative control and product innovator (which used DEET as an active compound) as a positive control. The activity of repellent was determined by an Aedes aegypti mosquito for 6 h with 2 hands respondents. The effectiveness of repellent protection is calculated by the percentage of protection power. Results: The studies showed that all the gel preparations qualified the organoleptic, homogeneity, and pH parameters. The viscosity, gel adhesion, and spreadability are also stable during storage. Conclusion: Based on the results, the best gel is the formula I which has mosquito repellent activity effective for 6 h like DEET.

FORMULATION AND EFFECTIVITY OF THE ANTIOXIDANT GEL PREPARATION CONTAINING ZEAXANTHIN AS ANTI AGING

Objective: This study was conducted to determine the IC50 value of zeaxanthin, to know the formula that meets the requirements of the results of physical evaluation of gel preparations, and to know the effectiveness of zeaxanthin gel as an anti-aging on the skin. Methods: The preparation of this gel is made using zeaxanthin as an active substance with concentrations of 5%; 7.5%; and 10%. Tests conducted are organoleptic test, homogeneity test, pH, spreadability, viscosity, irritation test and cycling test. Tests conducted are organoleptic test, homogeneity test, pH, spreadability, viscosity, irritation test and cycling test. Tests on the effectiveness of zeaxanthin gel preparations against the backs of volunteers' hands were divided into 4 groups as well as testing conducted over 28 d. Results: The results showed a value of IC50 zeaxanthin of 9.044 μg/ml, all gel preparations met the requirements of physical evaluation results except in cycling test and test results of the effectiveness of zeaxanthin gel preparations on the backs of volunteer hands there was an increase in humidity with an average increase of 33.17%±11.867 and wrinkles obedience with an average decrease of 47.466%±7.115. Conclusion: Zeaxanthin can be formulated as gel anti-aging.

Karakterisasi Dan Optimasi Formula Sediaan Gel Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Buah Pisang Kapas (Musa paradisiaca Linn.)

Cotton banana peel (Musa paradisiaca Linn.) has not been used by the community. Nanoparticles are solid colloidal particles with a diameter of 10-1000 nm. This study aims to make ethanol extract of cotton banana peel (Musa paradisiaca Linn.) as an active substance in the form of nanoparticles formulated in gel preparations and to determine the evaluation of cotton banana peel (Musa paradisiaca Linn.) nanoparticle gel. The method of making nanoparticles of ethanolic extract of cotton banana peel (Musa paradisiaca Linn.) in this research is ionic gelation. Nanoparticles of ethanolic extract of cotton banana peel (Musa paradisiaca Linn.) were characterized using particle size analyzer. Evaluation of gel preparations included organoleptic tests, homogeneity, pH, dispersibility, adhesion, viscosity and cycling tests. The cycling test includes organoleptic, pH and viscosity testing. Cycling test observations were carried out for 6 cycles. Characterization of nanoparticles of ethanolic extract of cotton banana peel (Musa paradisiaca Linn.) had a particle size of 220.3 nm with a polydipsia index of 0.139. Evaluation of pH preparations has a pH of 6, viscosity ranges from 7116 cps – 8095 cps, dispersion ranges from 5.1 cm to 5.4 cm, adhesion ranges from 1.11 seconds to 7.54 seconds. The results of the cycling test showed a change in the color of the preparation, while the cycling test for pH and viscosity did not change the stability. Conclusion The cotton banana peel extract (Musa paradisiaca Linn.) can be made into smaller particles or nanoparticles using the ionic gelation method and the evaluation of the nanoparticle gel preparation of the cotton banana peel (Musa paradisiaca Linn.) extract has met the requirements.Keywords: Cotton banana peel, gel, nanoparticles, evaluation AbstrakKulit buah pisang kapas (Musa paradisiaca Linn.) belum dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat. Nanopartikel merupakan partikel koloid padatan dengan diameter 10-1000 nm. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat ekstrak etanol kulit buah pisang kapas (Musa paradisiaca Linn.) sebagai zat aktif dalam bentuk nanopartikel yang diformulasi dalam sediaan gel dan untuk mengetahui evaluasi gel nanopartikel kulit buah pisang kapas (Musa paradisiaca Linn.). Metode pembuatan nanopartikel ekstrak etanol kulit buah pisang kapas (Musa paradisiaca Linn.) pada penelitian ini yaitu gelasi ionik. Nanopartikel ekstrak etanol kulit buah pisang kapas (Musa paradisiaca Linn.) dikarakterisasi menggunakan particle size analyzer. Evaluasi sediaan gel meliputi uji organoleptis, homogenitas, pH, daya sebar, daya lekat, viskositas dan cycling test. Pengujian cycling test meliputi pengujian organoleptis, pH dan viskositas. Pengamatan cycling test dilakukan selama 6 siklus.Karakterisasi nanopartikel ekstrak etanol kulit buah pisang kapas (Musa paradisiaca Linn.) memiliki ukuran partikel 220,3 nm dengan indeks polidipersitas 0,139. Evaluasi sediaan pH memiliki pH 6, viskositas rentang 7116 cps – 8095 cps, daya sebar rentang 5,1 cm -5,4 cm, daya lekat rentang 1,11 detik – 7,54 detik. Hasil pengujian cycling test terdapat perubahan warna dari sediaan, sedangkan pengujian cycling test terhadap pH dan viskositas tidak mengalami perubahan stabilitas. Kesimpulan ekstrak kulit buah pisang kapas (Musa paradisiaca Linn.) dapat dibuat dalam partikel yang lebih kecil atau nanopartikel dengan menggunkan metode gelasi ionik dan evaluasi sediaan gel nanopartikel ekstrak etanil kulit buah pisang kapas (Musa paradisiaca Linn.) telah memenuhi persyaratan.Kata kunci: Kulit buah pisang kapas, gel, nanopartikel, evaluasi

Pengaruh gelling agent kombinasi karbopol dan hpmc terhadap sifat fisik sediaan gel ekstrak etanol daun bandotan (ageratum conyzoides l) The effect of gelling agent combination of carbopol and hpmc on the physical properties of the preparation of bandotan

Gelling agent is a base in gel preparations that are used to thicken and make drug preparations or cosmetic preparations stable. Natural ingredients have been widely used because they are efficacious as medicine. One of them is bandotan plant (Ageratum Conyzoides L). This study aims to determine the effect of the combination of gelling agent carbopol and HPMC on the physical properties of the gel preparation of bandotan leaf ethanol extract. In this study 3 formulations of gel preparations of bandotan leaf ethanol extract were made with different concentrations of carbopol and HMPC . This research is an experimental research and uses qualitative and quantitative data collection methods from laboratory research. The extraction method used in this study is the maceration method with 96% ethanol as solvent. The prepared gel preparations were tested including organoleptic tests, pH tests, adhesion tests and dispersion tests. The results of this study indicate that there is an effect on the gelling agent of the combination of carbopol and HPMC on the gel preparation of the ethanol extract of bandotan leaves (Ageratum conyzoides L) in formula III with a ratio of gelling agent carbopol and HPMC 0.5%: 6% which is the best gel seen. from pH test, dispersion test and adhesion test.Keywords: Ageratum Conyzoides L; gel; karbopol; hpmc; gelling agent AbstrakGelling agent merupakan basis dalam sediaan gel yang digunakan untuk mengentalkan dan menjadikan sediaan obat atau sediaan kosmetik tetap stabil. Bahan alam sudah banyak digunakan karenaberkhasiat sebagai obat. Salah satunya adalah tumbuhan bandotan (Ageratum Conyzoides L). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya pengaruh kombinasi gelling agent karbopol dan HPMC terhadap sifat fisik sediaan gel ekstrak etanol daun bandotan. Dalam penelitian ini dibuat 3 formulasi sediaan gel ekstrak etanol daun bandotan dengan perbedaan konsentrasi karbopol dan HMPC. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian experimental dan menggunakan metode pengumpulan data kualitatif dan kuantitatif dari penelitian laboratorium. Metode ekstraksi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode maserasi dengan pelarut etanol 96%. Sediaan gel yang telah jadi dilakukan pengujian diantaranya uji organoleptis, uji pH , uji daya lekat danuji daya sebar. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh padagelling agentkombinasi karbopol dan HPMC terhadap sediaan gel ekstrak etanol daun bandotan (Ageratum conyzoides L) pada formula III dengan perbandingan gelling agent karbopol dan HPMC 0,5% : 6% yang merupakan gel paling baik dilihat dari uji pH , uji daya sebar dan daya lekat.Kata Kunci : Ageratum Conyzoides L; gel; karbopol; hpmc; gelling agent

A COMPREHENSIVE CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF IN SITU OPHTHALMIC GEL

In situ ophthalmic gel is a gel preparation that is initially in the form of ophthalmic solution that dripped into the eye and then the solution turns into a gel after contact with the surface of the eye. In situ gel will undergo phase change to gel due to pH, electrolyte and temperature conditions. So that the preparation of ophthalmic in situ gel is required characterization to make sure that the prepared preparations meet the standards and are safe when used. Chemical evaluation includes pH, concentration, chemical bonds, crystallization and drug and polymer interactions. The purpose of this review is to discuss the evaluation methods used in preparations, and to see whether the pH of in situ ophthalmic gel formulation that provided can met the ideal pH requirements of the eye, so that the ophthalmic in situ gel preparation would not causing irritation and liquid tear production.

CHARACTERISTICS OF EUGENOL PRODUCTS AND IN VITRO RELEASE IN GEL BASE WITH HYDROXYPROPYL METHYLCELLULOSE (HPMC) VARIANT AS GELLING AGENT

Objective: This research was conducted to examine the characteristics of the eugenol gel preparation in the Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC) gel base and to determine the profile of the release of eugenol from the HPMC gel base. Methods: Eugenol was made into gel preparations using HPMC base with concentrations of 3%, 5% and 7%. The evaluation included the tests of product characteristic and eugenol release. The product characteristic test included organoleptic examination (texture, color, and odor) and tests of spreadability, adhesion, and pH. The release test was carried out using cell diffusion and cellophane membranes. Results: All formulas met the pH requirements of topical products that were safe to use. The spreadability test is between 2.97-6.27 cm, adhesion test of products>4 s. The percentage of determination of eugenol content in the gel formula (F1 105.81%), (F2 93.28%) and (F3 98.87%). The cumulative amount of eugenol was F1 (2.563 mg/cm2), F2 (2.224 mg/cm2), and F3 (1.895 mg/cm2). Conclusion: The variation of HPMC as a gel base has effects on the adhesion, spreadability, and the eugenol gel release profile, where the greater the HPMC concentration, the smaller the spreadability, the greater the adhesion, and the lower the eugenol release profile. Based on the data obtained, the Formula 1 had a better release rate.