scholarly journals Long-term impact of natural disasters on Vietnamese income per capita: the case of typhoon Durian

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 590-603
Author(s):  
Khac Hieu Nguyen ◽  
Thi Thu Tra Pham
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Income Per Capita ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Long Term Impact

scholarly journals Human Capital Persistence and Development

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 105-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudi Rocha ◽  
Claudio Ferraz ◽  
Rodrigo R. Soares
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Income Per Capita ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Settlement Policy ◽  
And Shifts ◽  
Over Time

This paper documents the persistence of human capital over time and its association with long-term development. We exploit variation induced by a state-sponsored settlement policy that attracted immigrants with higher levels of schooling to particular regions of Brazil in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. We show that one century after the policy, municipalities that received settlements had higher levels of schooling and higher income per capita. We provide evidence that long-run effects worked through higher supply of educational inputs and shifts in the structure of occupations toward skill-intensive sectors. (JEL I26, J22, J24, J61, N36, O15, Z13)

scholarly journals Trade, Institutional Quality and Income: Empirical Evidence for Sub-Saharan Africa

Economies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Huy Quang Doan
Keyword(s):  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Institutional Quality ◽  
Real Income ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Income Per Capita ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Political Globalization

This paper looks at how trade liberalization and institutional quality influence real income. Previous evidence has provided mixed results, and we find that indicators representing trade liberalization have been very weak. By using strongly balanced panel data of 45 Sub-Saharan African countries covering the last 34 years (1980–2013), along with numerous advanced econometric instruments (random effect, fixed effect, system-generalized method of moments, pooled mean group) and composite trade indicators (KOF indicators), this paper determines the impact of trade liberalization, social factors and political globalization on real income per capita in both static and dynamic settings. The paper also considers short-term and long-term effects. The study confirms that free trade has a significant positive impact on the growth of real income per capita in static and dynamic settings. However, it also finds that countries must pay in the short-term to gain more significantly in the long-term. Further, we point out that social factors, especially information flows, can have significant but varying influences on real income under different scenarios and that political globalization both challenges and gives opportunities for improving living standards. We also find that institutional quality is a key factor for economic development in any situation.

Is the world converging to a ‘Western diet’?

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Azzeddine Azzam
Keyword(s):  
Nutrition Transition ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Western Diet ◽  
Balance Sheets ◽  
Income Per Capita ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Per Capita

Abstract Objective: To test the nutrition transition hypothesis of global dietary convergence to a ‘Western diet’. Design: Consumer-waste-adjusted FAO Food Balance Sheets are used to construct for each country a Western Diet Similarity Index (WSI), expressed as a ratio of calories from animal-sourced foods, oils, fats and sweeteners to total per capita calories. β-Convergence and associated speed are estimated by growth regressions using 1992–2013 panel data. Speed of convergence, a non-linear function of income per capita, globalisation and urbanisation, determines the steady-state or long-term global WSI. The long-term global WSI is compared with the WSI of the group of countries with the highest population-weighted average WSI. The group, determined by K-means cluster analysis, consists of sixteen Western countries. Setting: Worldwide. Participants: Not applicable. Results: Strong evidence of global dietary convergence at a speed driven by income per capita, globalisation and urbanisation with a long-term WSI of 38 %. When compared with the WSI of Western countries (68 %), the hypothesis of global dietary convergence to a Western diet is rejected. Conclusions: The nutrition transition is acting in two opposing directions. Some countries experienced positive and others negative WSI growth, slowing down the transition to a Western diet in the long run. Policies to further slowdown the transition by some countries to unhealthier dietary patterns are as important as policies to further speed up the transition by other countries to healthier ones.

scholarly journals A discussion of irrational stockpiling behaviour during crisis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiqun Chen ◽  
Abbas Rajabifard ◽  
Soheil Sabri ◽  
Yuke Xie ◽  
Yibo Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Humanitarian Crisis ◽  
Long Term Impact

One of the ubiquitous human behaviours observed in natural disasters and humanitarian crisis is irrational stockpiling (also known as hoarding or panic buying). Limited, distorted and exaggerated information during crisis disturbs people’s judgement and results in aberrant actions which can be explained with economics and psychology theories. The objective of this paper is to examine the perplexing stockpiling phenomena during disasters like COVID-19 pandemic and discuss its immediate and long-term impact on economy, society and local communities.

scholarly journals Economic Growth in the Lower Yangzi Region of China in 1911–1937: A Quantitative and Historical Analysis

2008 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
DEBIN MA
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Structural Change ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Yangzi Region ◽  
City State ◽  
Long Term Impact

Through a detailed reconstruction of 1933 GDP for the two provinces in China's most advanced region, the Lower Yangzi, I show that their per capita income was 55 percent higher than China's average, and they had experienced a growth and structural change between 1914–1918 and 1931–1936 comparable to contemporaneous Japan and her East Asian colonies. This article highlights the unique political institution of early-twentieth-century Shanghai as a city state, with its rule of law and secure property rights laying the foundation for economic growth in the Lower Yangzi with long-term impact throughout East Asia.

scholarly journals The Long Term Impact of Health on Economic Growth in Pakistan

2008 ◽  
Vol 47 (4II) ◽  
pp. 487-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naeem Akram ◽  
Ihtsham Ul Haq Padda ◽  
Mohammad Khan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Technical Change ◽  
Physical Capital ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
Sustainable Economic Growth ◽  
The Impact

Human capital plays pivotal role for sustainable economic Growth. As different growth theories suggest the role of human capital as a significant for growth process. The concept of human capital in economic literature defined broadly by including education, health, training, migration, and other investments that enhance an individual’s productivity. However, the growth economists that have incorporated human capital in the growth studies, paid greater attention on analysing the impact of education on economic growth, while ignoring the role of health human capital. It is only in very recent times that studies have started looking at health and tried to estimate the relationship between health status and economic growth. There exists a two-way relationship between improved health and economic growth. Health and other forms of human and physical capital increases the per capita GDP by increasing productivity of existing resources coupled with resource accumulation and technical change. Furthermore, some part of this increased income is spent on investment in human capital, which results in further per capita growth. According to Fogel (1994), approximately one third of GDP of Britain between 1790 and 1980 is the outcome of improvements in health especially improvement in nutrition, public health, and medical care facilities and these improved health facilities should be considered as labour enhancing technical change.

scholarly journals The Local Economic Impact of Natural Disasters

2020 ◽  
pp. 1.000-61
Author(s):  
Brigitte Roth Tran ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Local Effect ◽  
Temporary Employment ◽  
Personal Income ◽  
Dynamic Responses ◽  
Recent Experience ◽  
Impulse Response Functions ◽  
Regional Effect ◽  
Income Per Capita ◽  
Per Capita

We use county panel data to study the dynamic responses of local economies after natural disasters in the U.S. Specifically, we estimate disaster impulse response functions for personal income per capita and a broad range of other economic outcomes, using a panel version of the local projections estimator. In contrast to some recent cross-country studies, we find that disasters increase total and per capita personal income over the longer-run (as of 8 years out). The effect is driven initially largely by a temporary employment boost and in the longer run by an increase in average weekly wages. We then assess the heterogeneity of disaster impacts across several dimensions. We find that the longer-run increase in income per capita rises with disaster severity, as measured by monetary damages. Hurricanes, tornados, and fires yield longer run increases in income, while floods do not. The longer run increase in income tends to rise with recent disaster experience and is absent for counties with no recent experience. Finally, a spatial spillover analysis suggests that, while over the short- to medium-run, the regional and local impacts of disasters on personal income are similar, over the longer run the net regional effect may be negative, in contrast to the positive local effect.

Crisis Phones - Suicide Prevention Versus Suggestion/Contagion Effects

Crisis ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 220-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Stack
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Contagion Effects ◽  
Long Term Impact

Abstract. Background: There has been no systematic work on the short- or long-term impact of the installation of crisis phones on suicides from bridges. The present study addresses this issue. Method: Data refer to 219 suicides from 1954 through 2013 on the Skyway Bridge in St. Petersburg, Florida. Six crisis phones with signs were installed in July 1999. Results: In the first decade after installation, the phones were used by 27 suicidal persons and credited with preventing 26 or 2.6 suicides a year. However, the net suicide count increased from 48 in the 13 years before installation of phones to 106 the following 13 years or by 4.5 additional suicides/year (t =3.512, p < .001). Conclusion: Although the phones prevented some suicides, there was a net increase after installation. The findings are interpreted with reference to suggestion/contagion effects including the emergence of a controversial bridge suicide blog.

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