scholarly journals Reforçar a identidade e a autoridade: as casas de courás libertos em Vila Rica e Mariana no século XVIII

Afro-Ásia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moacir Rodrigo De Castro Maia
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
African Diaspora ◽  
Gold Mining ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Gold Mines ◽  
African People ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Freed People

<p>O artigo acompanha um grupo de libertos africanos, nomeado nas fontes portuguesas como courás, couranos ou variantes, para entender como constituíram suas casas em dois importantes núcleos urbanos da capitania de Minas Gerais ao longo do século XVIII. A economia do ouro possibilitou uma significativa posse de trabalhadores escravos para alguns desses senhores negros. O estudo desvenda a origem desses escravizados e como muitos desses lares mantiveram uma estreita relação com o passado africano desse grupo. De forma comparativa e também conectada, percebeu-se como as duas povoações vizinhas possuíam grupos de africanos forros que, além da alforria, adquiriram bens: casas, estabelecimentos comerciais, minas de ouro e, principalmente, trabalhadores escravos da mesma identidade étnica.</p><p><strong>Palavras-chave: </strong>diáspora africana | libertos | escravidão | identidade étnica | posse escravista.</p><p> </p><p><strong><em>Abstract:</em></strong></p><p><em>This article discusses a group of freed African people identified in Portuguese sources as Courás or Couranos, seeking to understand how they formed their homes in two important urban centers of the Captaincy of Minas Gerais during the eighteenth century. The gold-mining economy facilitated the acquisition of significant numbers of enslaved laborers by black masters. The study examines the origin of these enslaved people and the way in which many of these households maintained a close relationship with their African past. Usinga comparative and connected approach, this paper shows that in both of the two neighboring towns there were enclaves of freed Africans who, in addition to obtaining manumission, also acquired various forms of property, including  houses, commercial establishments, gold mines and especially, enslaved people of the same ethnic identity</em>.</p><p><strong><em>Keywords: </em></strong>african diaspora | african freed people | slavery | ethnic identity | slave ownership.</p><p><strong><br /></strong></p>

scholarly journals Families, Manumission, and Freed People in Urban Minas Gerais in the Era of Atlantic Abolitionism

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (S28) ◽  
pp. 117-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana L.R. Dantas ◽  
Douglas C. Libby
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
Urban Families ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Family Ties ◽  
The Social ◽  
Black Freedom ◽  
African Descendants ◽  
Freed People

AbstractLate eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century Minas Gerais was heavily reliant on its slave labor force and invested in the social order shaped by slavery. The main systematic challenge to slavery was discrete negotiations of manumission that resulted in the freedom of a few individual slaves. This practice fueled the expansion of a free population of African descendants, who congregated most visibly in the captaincy's urban centers. Through an examination of manumission stories from two African-descendant families in the towns of Sabará and São José, this article underscores the relevance of family ties and social networks to the pursuit and experience of freedom in the region. As slavery remained entrenched in Brazil, despite Atlantic abolitionist efforts elsewhere, urban families’ pursuit and negotiation of manumissions shaped a historical process that naturalized the idea and possibility of black freedom.

scholarly journals “Com duas gejas em cada uma das fontes”: escarificações e o processo de tradução visual da diáspora jeje em Minas Gerais durante o século XVIII

Afro-Ásia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aldair Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Visual Culture ◽  
African Diaspora ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
African Population ◽  
Historical Process ◽  
Language Groups ◽  
Urban Concentration

<p>Este artigo analisa os impactos da presença dos grupos de línguas gbe na formação do léxico empregado no detalhamento das cicatrizes rituais da população africana presente no distrito diamantino da capitania de Minas Gerais em meados do século XVIII. O enfoque é dado sobre o processo histórico de difusão do termo “geja”, explorando tanto os seus significados ligados a padrões específicos de escarificações como o seu uso generalizado para marcas corporais africanas, independentemente da origem étnica. Examina-se a sua emergência como índice de uma cadeia mais ampla de significados atrelados à etnogênese jeje em um contexto de grande concentração urbana de povos da Costa da Mina.</p><p>“With Two Gejas on Each Temple”: scarification and the process of visual translation in the jeje diaspora of 18th Century in Minas Gerais</p><p>Considering the visual culture of the African diaspora, this article analyzes the effects of the presence of Gbe language groups in the formation of the lexicon used in detailing the ritual scarification of the African population present in the diamond district of the captaincy of Minas Gerais in the eighteenth century. It focuses on the historical process of spreading the term geja, exploring both its meanings linked to specific patterns of scarification and its widespread use for African body markings in general. Its emergence is examined as an index of a broader chain of meanings connected to the Gbe ethnogenesis in a context of great urban concentration of people from Costa da Mina.</p><p>Jeje Nation | African Diaspora | Gejas | Scarification</p>

Fiscal Policy and Royal Sovereignty in Minas Gerais: The Capitation Tax of 1735

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Allan White
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Political Process ◽  
Precious Metals ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Gold Deposits ◽  
The Political ◽  
Gold Mines ◽  
Mineral Wealth ◽  
Alluvial Gold

A study of the capitation tax of 1735 in Minas Gerais is interesting since it illustrates the way in which the Crown of Portugal succeeded in enforcing its will through the machinery of colonial administration in a newly incorporated, frontier society. It also tells something about the men of that administration and the political process in which they were involved.The collection of the tax on mineral wealth known as the quinto was one of the most enduring problems confronting Crown officials in Brazil during the eighteenth century. The king permitted his subjects to mine precious metals in his dominions in return for the payment of one fifth of the annual production. Rich alluvial gold deposits discovered in the closing years of the seventeenth century, lay beyond the territory effectively controlled by the governors of the littoral captaincies. Hidden in the shadows of Sabarabuçú, the shining mountain of Indian legends, the isolation of the mines and the tenuous control of the region by the royal administration made collection of the tax haphazard. As the eighteenth century progressed, the production of the gold mines increased, however the king's share failed to grow accordingly. The need for added revenue and the realization that the full amount due the Crown was not arriving at the customs house in Lisbon convinced the king that payment of the quinto should be rigorously enforced.

GOLD MINING AND JULA INFLUENCE IN PRECOLONIAL SOUTHERN BURKINA FASO

2007 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
KATJA WERTHMANN
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Gold Mining ◽  
Sociopolitical Organization ◽  
Gold Mines ◽  
Historical Accounts ◽  
Actual Location ◽  
The Way

ABSTRACTThe ‘Lobi’ region in what is today southern Burkina Faso is frequently mentioned in historical accounts of gold mining in West Africa. However, little is known about the actual location of the gold mines or about the way gold mining and trade were organized in precolonial times. This article points out that some previous hypotheses about precolonial gold mining, trade and the sociopolitical organization of this region are flawed, partly because ‘Lobi’, as the name for both the region and its inhabitants, is misleading. In fact, the references to ‘Lobi’ merge two distinct gold-producing zones along the Mouhoun river, about 200 km from each other. The present-day populations of southern Burkina who have settled there since the eighteenth century do not know who was mining gold prior to their arrival, and many of them have not been involved in gold mining at all due to conceptions of gold as a dangerous substance.

scholarly journals Geoenvironmental Study of Gold Mining Tailings in a Circular Economy Context: Santa Barbara, Minas Gerais, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. Lemos ◽  
T. Valente ◽  
A. P. Marinho-Reis ◽  
R. Fonsceca ◽  
J. M. Dumont ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circular Economy ◽  
Gold Mining ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Santa Barbara ◽  
Mining Tailings
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