A report on characterization of submerged fermentation of Phellinus linteus in Vietnam

Phellinus linteus strain GC was cultured for harvesting biomass by submerged fermentation method in 100 L fermenter which produced in Vietnam. The process of cultivation of this fungus was performed in aerobic conditions with aeration at 1 vvm, stirred at 150 rpm, temperature from 27oC to 29oC. The observation of cultivation was performed to evaluate the optimum time of growth which produce highest biomass of the mycelium for application purpose of using as functional food. The pH of medium was slightly changed with decrease then increase again, and reached about 6.0 when cultivation process ends. The biomass of mycelium was gradually increased until about 11 days of cultivation with about 30 g/L of dried biomass and the content of of sugar reduced in medium decreased from 40 g/L to 6 g/L.

Clinical trial to analyze the effects of oral intake of Phellinus linteus (sanghuang) extract on immune function: a study protocol for a randomized, double-blind controlled trial

Background As the population of Korea ages, interest in healthcare has increased. In particular, there is an increasing demand for immune-function improvement to prevent infectious diseases. Phellinus linteus (PL) has previously been shown to exert immune-enhancing and anticancer effects. We aim to evaluate whether PL mycelium extract, cultured from the PL KCTC0399BP strain, can increase immune function, as measured using blood-test indicators. This clinical trial protocol is designed as the main trial and is based on the results of a pilot study. Methods This clinical trial is a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. Ninety-eight participants are enrolled and randomly divided into two groups: the experimental group (PL 1000 mg) and the control group (placebo). Participants are administered with experimental food or placebo for eight weeks. Blood tests are performed before trial initiation and 8 weeks later, at trial completion. Laboratory evaluation items are as follows: natural killer cell activity, tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-12, immunoglobulin (Ig)G1, IgG2, and IgM. We will mainly use the full analysis dataset to statistically analyze the effectiveness of the treatment. Discussion This study evaluates the effects of PL extract on immune function and will contribute to knowledge on the value of PL as an immune-function–boosting functional food. Trial registration Clinical Research Information Service (CRIS) of Korea CRIS-KCT0005460. Registered on 12 October 2020

Immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects of Phellinus linteus mycelium

Background The present study extensively aimed to evaluate the underlying mechanism of the immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects of Phellinus linteus mycelium (PLM). Methods To assess whether PLM influences the production of markers related to inflammation, Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells were treated with PLM (50, 100, 200, and 500 μg/mL). Splenocyte, thymus, peritoneal exudate cells (PEC), and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated from the Balb/c mice treated with Korean red ginseng or PLM once a day for 5 weeks. Moreover, all mice except normal mice were stimulated with 10% proteose peptone (PP) treated 3 days before the sacrifice and 2% starch treated 2 days before the sacrifice. Subsequently, the cytotropic substance was evaluated by using flow cytometry analysis and ELISA assay. Results PLM200 treatment significantly suppressed the production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and inhibited the release of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α dose-dependently in the LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. PLM200 supplementation showed a significant increase in IL-2, IL-12, and interferon (IFN)-γ production and upregulated the ratio of IFN-γ (T-helper type 1, Th1) to IL-4 (T-helper type 2, Th2) in splenocytes. After PLM200 treatment, the significant elevation of CD4+CD25+, CD4+&CD8+, and CD4+CD69+ treatment were detected in thymus. Moreover, CD4+ and CD4+CD69+ in PBMC and CD69+ in PEC were also shown in a significant increase. Conclusions Taken together, these results showed an immunomodulatory effect of PLM about an elevated INF-γ/IL4 ratio, as an index of Th1/Th2, as well as the anti-inflammatory effect in the LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Therefore, our findings demonstrate that PLM possesses immunostimulatory and anti-inflammatory effects.

Optimal Liquid Spawn Conditions and Grain Medium Enhanced Hispidin Production by Phellinus linteus in Solid-State Fermentation

This study aimed to screen a highest hispidin production of strain from 12 strains of Phellinus, and to evaluate the effects of liquid spawn conditions and grain medium on this strain’s hispidin production levels after solid-state fermentation. Results showed that the P. linteus 04 led to the highest hispidin production, this strain was then selected to elucidate the optimal liquid spawn conditions and grain medium for hispidin production. Various liquid spawn conditions were evaluated, and the highest hispidin yield, specific productivity of hispidin, and total content of hispidin were found to be optimal at 1 week of liquid spawn age, cultured with potato dextrose borth, and using 10 % inoculum rate, with each condition resulting to 0.350, 0.325, and 0.328 mg/g dry weight of mycelium, 0.352, 0.251, and 0.249 µg/mg week− 1 specific productivity, 57.90, 60.23, and 61.77 mg/kg dry weight of brown rice medium, respectively. These liquid spawn conditions were then used to determine the appropriate grain medium for hispidin production. The highest hispidin yield and total content of hispidin were observed in pearl barley which resulted in 1.107 mg/g dry weight of mycelium and 199.76 mg/kg dry weight of pearl barley, which led to results that were 4.73-fold and 5.35-fold higher than those of control (brown rice medium). Overall, this study shows that P. linteus hispidin production can be enhanced by solid-state fermentation using optimal liquid spawn conditions and the appropriate grain medium.

Clinical Trial to Analyze the Effect of Oral Intake of Phellinus Linteus(Sanghuang) Extract on Immune Function: A Study Protocol for a Randomized, Double-blind Controlled Trial

Background: As Korea becomes an aging society, interest in health care has increased. In particular, there is an increasing demand for immune function improvement to prevent infectious diseases. Phellinus linteus (PL) has previously been shown to have immune-enhancing and anticancer effects. We aim to evaluate whether PL mycelium extract, cultured using the PL KCTC0399BP strain, has an increase in immune function using blood test indicators. This clinical trial is designed based on the results of a pilot study as the main trial.Methods: This clinical trial will be a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. Ninety-eight participants will be enrolled and randomly divided into two groups: experimental group (PL 1000 mg) and control group (placebo). Participants will be administered experimental food or placebo for 8 weeks. Blood tests will be performed before food intake and at 8 weeks after the start of the experiment. Laboratory evaluation items are as follows: natural killer cell activity, tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-12, immunoglobulin (Ig)G1, IgG2, and IgM. We will mainly use the full analysis set to statistically analyze the effectiveness of treatment.Discussion: This study includes inclusion and exclusion criteria and a well-controlled intervention. This study evaluates the effect of PL extract on immune function and will contribute to knowledge on the value of PL as an immune function health functional food.Clinical research registration: This study has been registered at the Clinical Research Information Service (CRIS) of Korea: CRIS-KCT0005460. Registered , 12 October 2020, https://cris.nih.go.kr/cris/search/search_result_st01_en.jsp?seq=17761&ltype=&rtype=Trial status: This clinical trial is in the recruitment stage. Recruitment began in October 21, 2020 and will be completed in March 2021. This trial was registered at the Clinical Research Information Service of South Korea on October 12, 2020. (CRIS-KCT0005460)

ĐÁNH GIÁ ĐỘC TÍNH CẤP CỦA CHẾ PHẨM BỘT SINH KHỐI NẤM THƯỢNG HOÀNG SAU KHI LÊN MEN CHÌM

Mục tiêu: Đánh giá độc tính cấp của chế phẩm bột sinh khối Nấm Thượng hoàng (Phellinus linteus) thu được theo phương pháp lên men chìm tại Viện Công nghệ sinh học, Viện HLKH&CN Việt Nam. Phương pháp: Phương pháp xác định độc tính của thuốc của Nhà xuất bản Y học và OECD guidelines for testing of chemicals. Kết quả và kết luận: Liều không gây triệu chứng bất thường quan sát được trong thử nghiệm là 18,0 g mẫu thử/kg chuột. Liều gây chết 50% động vật thí nghiệm (LD50) lớn hơn 18,0 g mẫu thử/kg chuột. Bột sinh khối nấm Thượng hoàng có độc tính thấp dưới ngưỡng phân loại GHS và không gây ngộ độc cho động vật thử nghiệm.

The effect of culture conditions for the mycelium growth of Phillenus linteus

Phellinus linteus(Berk. & Curt.) Teng mushroom belonging to the genus Phellinusspp., has high medicinal value. This study was carried out with the aim to evaluate the effects of carbon, nitrogen sources, pH, and temperature on the mycelial growth of the P. linteusstrain. The experimental results showed that glucose and casein with concentrations of 2.0 and 0.2% respectively are identified as the most suitable carbon and nitrogen nutrient sources forP. linteus. Conversely, the mycelia of P. linteusare not able to grow on the urea media. Mycelium of P. linteus growths well at 7-10 pH and temperature at 30oC. When mycelia are incubated in these conditions, the rate of mycelial growth of P. linteus reaches 5.0 mm/day with thick density even distribution, and adherence to the substrate firmly.