Warfare, Oral Tradition, and Tourism

Turkish folk narratives formed around the Gallipoli Campaign, which reflect the mental, psychological, and cultural attitude of Turks towards this war and hold an important place in Turkish folklore, also have the potential to make significant contributions to battlefield tourism of the region. The effective, creative, and innovative uses of the folk narratives conveying the mystical, supernatural, and miraculous events believed to have taken place in this war can be used in the enrichment and diversification of space, products, services, and experiences offered in battlefield tourism. The ultimate aim of the study is to discuss how authentic, creative, and innovative tourist attractions can be created by the valorization, remediation, and reenactment of intangible war heritage based on the example of the relationship between folk narratives about the Gallipoli Campaign and battlefield tourism in the Gallipoli Peninsula.

1916–1918

The sub-chapter outlines the development of the First World War in the eastern Mediterranean from the evacuation of the Gallipoli peninsula to the signing of the Armistice of Moudros that took the Ottoman Empire out of the war. It examines how the growing Allied presence at Salonica instigated an uprising in the city that later took power at the Greek capital with British and French support. It assesses the impact of the Russian revolution on the Caucasus front, which led the Ottoman Empire, Britain, and local groups into a scramble for control of key towns and infrastructure. It then summarises how progress on the Palestine front, in conjunction with support for an uprising in the Hejaz, and a breakthrough in Macedonia forced the Ottoman Empire to sue for peace.

Port to Port Sea Voyaging and the Logistics of Empire

The chapter shows how the onset of the First World war rerouted the material and human circuits that traversed the eastern Mediterranean. The outcome of this process, though not without its challenges, was the establishment of a British maritime logistical network that linked Alexandria and Salonica, numerous islands between them, and, briefly, the Gallipoli peninsula. The chapter documents the extent of the movements of soldiers, labourers, and refugees set in course by the war and its aftermath and the interactions between them. In addition, it shows how these sea voyages contributed to the establishment of the geographic imaginary of the Levant and how the disciplinary regimes governing the transport ship provided a point of contrast to the city that would be encountered on arrival.

This Wicked Gamble

On the eve of the amphibious assault at Gallipoli, practically all the senior military officers involved feared disaster. Disaster promptly ensued, with a large loss of life including among Australian units. The resignation of Admiral Fisher compounded the disaster and led to the fall of the Asquith Ministry and formation of Coalition government. Days after the landings, the British government was stunned to learn that Russia had no wheat available for export. Fortuitously, the price of wheat fell thanks to an unexpected bumper North American crop. After another failed attack at the Dardanelles in August 1915, British government finally cuts its losses and quit the Gallipoli peninsula.

Trotline hook selectivity for the Atlantic Bonito (Sarda sarda Bloch, 1793) fishery in the Çanakkale Strait (northern Aegean Sea, Turkey)

This study was conducted to determine the selectivity of hooks (galvanized, tin, carbon, nickel) used for Atlantic bonito (Sarda sarda Bloch, 1793) in the Gallipoli Peninsula and the Dardanelles during the 2015 and 2018 fishing seasons (spring and autumn). The Atlantic bonito was fished with hooks of size 1/0, 2/0, 3/0, and 4/0. A total of 604 bonitos were caught, including 201 individuals using a galvanized hook, 194 individuals using a tin hook, 158 individuals using a nickel hook and 51 individuals using a carbon hook. A lower catch was obtained with hooks of size 4/0 (42 in total). The highest catch (100 total) was obtained with hooks of size 1/0 and a lower catch (19 in total) was obtained with hooks of size 4/0 in the case of tin hooks. In the case of nickel hooks, the highest catch (63 in total) was obtained with hooks of size 1/0 and a lower catch (eight in total) was obtained with hooks of size 4/0. The optimum catch length and curve width were calculated in relation to the size of hooks. It was determined that all hooks used in the experiments catch below the length allowed for fishing. It was therefore concluded that the use of the largest hooks would be preferable, with size 4/0 being the most suitable for maintaining the continuity of the species.

THE AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND CORPS IN EGYPT BEFORE LANDING AT GALLIPOLI IN 1915

The history of the Australian and new Zealand corps (ANZAC) in preparation for the landing on the Gallipoli Peninsula in the Egyptian training camps is studied. The relationship between the rank and file of the corps is analyzed. The study examines the living conditions and relationships of Australians and new Zealanders with the local population in and around Cairo. The study examines the training of corps units in training and exercises, the attitude of soldiers and officers to the quality of training of corps troops, as well as the participation of troops of the Australian-new Zealand army corps in the repulse of the Turkish offensive on the Suez canal in February 1915. An overview of the actions of the landing command to concentrate ANZAC forces in Mudros Bay (Lemnos) before the start of the landing at Gallipoli is given. The article makes extensive use of archival materials of the Australian War Memorial and British archives, the official history of Australia’s participation in world war I, diary entries and letters of Australians and new Zealanders who participated in the first convoy from Australia to Alexandria (Egypt), Russian and foreign research on the initial stage of the Gallipoli operation of the allied forces of the Entente against the Ottoman Empire..