Research on Main Engine Power of Transport Ship with Different Bows in Ice Area According to EEDI Regulation

The Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) has been applied to ship carbon emission standards since 2013, ice ships subject to the Finnish Swedish Ice Class Rules (FSICR) also need to meet the requirements of EEDI. In this study, the engine power requirements by EEDI at different stages for the considered ice class ships with different ice classes (1C, 1B, 1A, 1A Super) are compared with engine power requirements obtained from the resistance calculated by FSICR or Lindqvist method. Three different bow shapes for the considered ice class ships and different pack ice coverage are studied. The results from FSICR or Lindqvist formula show that 1A Super ice classes for all considered bow shapes cannot meet the requirement by EEDI at Phase 2 and 3; For 1B and 1A class, some bow shapes can meet the EEDI requirement for all stages, but some cannot; For 1C class, all bow shapes can meet the EEDI requirements for all stages. The ship main engine power requirements under different pack ice concentration are studied and compared to EEDI requirements.

Estimating marine engine efficiency in dynamic processes

The article considers the problem of efficiency of energy objects, which is mainly estimated on the basis of their static characteristics. If dynamic processes take up a significant part of the object's time and budget, then there is a need for additional account of energy losses in transient processes. Using the analysis results it is necessary to select the settings of the object regulators. The problem hasn’t been thrown much light on in the publications. An attempt has been made to estimate the additional energy losses of the main engine operating on the propeller of a transport ship. To analyze the transient process of the dependence of the rotation speed on time, it is assumed that this process is caused by a sharp change in the moment of resistance by a given value. The Excel program was proposed to assess the dependence of the rotation speed on time. 10% of the nominal value of the setting or disturbing influences was chosen as the change leading out of the static equilibrium. To compare various transient processes it is proposed to use the value of the length of the transient process in time. Assessing energy losses was carried out by using the coefficient of increasing power consumption during the transient process. The additional energy losses were proved to make more than 1.0 - 1.5% of the nominal power of the controlled object due to the presence of transient processes at 10% disturbance. By changing the settings of the automatic control system (ACS) these losses can be reduced. It has been found that adjusting the ACS settings to reduce energy losses under disturbing influences leads to the higher energy losses during reference influences.

Port to Port Sea Voyaging and the Logistics of Empire

The chapter shows how the onset of the First World war rerouted the material and human circuits that traversed the eastern Mediterranean. The outcome of this process, though not without its challenges, was the establishment of a British maritime logistical network that linked Alexandria and Salonica, numerous islands between them, and, briefly, the Gallipoli peninsula. The chapter documents the extent of the movements of soldiers, labourers, and refugees set in course by the war and its aftermath and the interactions between them. In addition, it shows how these sea voyages contributed to the establishment of the geographic imaginary of the Levant and how the disciplinary regimes governing the transport ship provided a point of contrast to the city that would be encountered on arrival.

Main engine of transport ship inlet air cooling by ejector chiller

The efficiency of cooling the air at the inlet of marine slow speed diesel engine turbocharger by ejector chiller utilizing the heat of exhaust gases and scavenge air were analyzed. The values of air temperature drop at the inlet of engine turbocharger and corresponding decrease in fuel consumption of the engine at varying climatic conditions on the route line Odesa-Yokogama- Odesa were evaluated.

Volatile Organic Compounds in the atmosphere of the Great Athens area: The case of a port site close to Piraeus, Greece

<p>VOCs are key atmospheric constituents for both health and climate issues and further knowledge is still needed about their sources and fate. The presence of volatile organic compounds in ambient air is strongly dependent on the site characteristics and a harbor area undergoes many source typologies such as road transport, ship emissions and contaminants of commercial activities, the shipbuilding zone and other operating facilities. The current work was implemented at the recently established Atmospheric Pollution Monitoring Station of the Municipality of Keratsini-Drapetsona located in the close vicinity of the Piraeus port. Since December 2018 an automatic gas chromatograph with flame ionization detector (FID) continuously monitors at a 30 minutes time resolution non methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) focusing on hazardous compounds (aromatics) and strong precursors (aromatics, monoterpenes) of secondary pollutants like ozone and secondary organic aerosols. High levels of benzene were observed, especially during the morning to noon period, and the mean concentration of both benzene and toluene were two-folded in summer (July and August 2019) compared to winter (January and February 2019). Ethylbenzene follows the same pattern, whereas xylenes presented comparable levels during the cold and warm periods. Preliminary results based on source apportionment techniques are presented. In general terms the NMHC levels present their maximum under the impact of low wind speed, addressing thus the role of local emission sources, which are further investigated by the ratios used as tracking tools of processes of different origin (e.g. the traffic related ratio of toluene/benzene).</p>

Numerical Study on Gaseous CO2 Leakage and Thermal Characteristics of Containers in a Transport Ship

This study investigates numerically gaseous CO2 leakage characteristics inside the containers of a transport ship and examines thermal effects on the structural damage that might happen in the containers. First, with consideration of the phase change, the ejected mass flow rate was estimated using the commercial code of DNV PHAST. Based on this estimated mass flow rate, we introduced an effective area model for accounting for the fast evaporation of liquefied CO2 occurring in the vicinity of a crack hole. Using this leakage modeling, along with a concept of the effective area, the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations for analyzing transient three-dimensional characteristics of gas propagation in a confined space with nine containers, as well as the thermal effect on the walls on which the leaking gas impinges, were conducted. The commercial code, ANSYS FLUENT V. 17.0, was used for all CFD simulations. It was found that there are substantial changes in the pressure and temperature of the gas mixture for different crack sizes. The CO2 concentration at human nasal height, a measure of clear height for safety, was also estimated to be higher than the safety threshold of 10% within 200 s. Moreover, very cold gas created by the evaporation of liquefied CO2 can cool the cargo walls rapidly, which might cause thermal damage.

Medical Activity Training using SDF Ship at Wide Area Disaster

Introduction:We have repeatedly trained to use the SDF ship as a temporary medical facility during acute disasters. The Maritime Self Defense Force has various types of ships: supply ship (Oumei type), transport ship (Osumi type), and escort ship (hinge type, whip type) which has a large hangar and a treatable medical compartment.Methods:The points of training are collaboration between the SDF and the commander’s line of medical personnel, construction of a method of contact with the outside, construction of contact method inside the ship, kind of patient, medical contents, use of medical zone, method of transporting to the ship, method of transporting to the outside of the ship, positioning of the ship in the afflicted area, etc.Results:Assuming the Nankai Trough Earthquake, the activities of SDF vessels in coastal areas are affected by the extent to which the functions of medical institutions in inland areas are kept, how transportation methods can be secured, and how many injured people there are.Discussion:As a result of the examination thus far, the range of activities of SDF vessels is limited. The function of the ship is considered to be offshore SCU, hospital evacuation support, etc. Tight collaboration and training with the SDF are necessary in the future.