The Space and Terrestrial Weather Variations as Possible Factors for Ischemia Events in Saint Petersburg

The Space and Terrestrial Weather (Weather Complex) impact on ischemia cases in Saint Petersburg is investigated. The results show the main feature of the Weather Complex when it was related to the days of the different ischemia situations in the different ischemia people gender groups. The data treatment was done with some elements of the Folder Epochs Method, Cluster Analysis and the Mann–Whitney hypothesis test criterion.

A Sensitivity-Based Three-Phase Weather-Dependent Power Flow Algorithm for Networks with Local Controllers—Part I: Algorithm Development

<b>Local voltage controllers (LVCs) are important components of a modern distribution system for regulating the voltage within permissible limits. This manuscript presents a sensitivity-based three-phase weather-dependent power flow algorithm for distribution networks with LVCs. This Part I presents the theoretical development of the proposed algorithm, which has four distinct characteristics: a) it considers the three-phase unbalanced nature of distribution systems, b) the operating state of LVCs is calculated using sensitivity parameters, which accelerates the convergence speed of the algorithm, c) it considers the precise switching sequence of LVCs based on their reaction time delays, and d) the nonlinear influence of weather variations in the power flow is also taken into consideration. Simulations and validation results presented in Part II indicate that the proposed approach outperforms other existing algorithms with respect to the accuracy and speed of convergence, thus making it a promising power flow tool for accurate distribution system analysis. </b><div><b><br></b></div>

Effect of Ambient Temperature on the Spread of COVID-19: A Systematic Review

Introduction: So far, the so many people has been infected by novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in the worldwide and almost all the countries have reported infected and death cases. Some studies have shown that coronaviruses are sensitive to air temperature and in warm temperature the rate of spread decreases. This study aimed to review the literature whether or not the temperature can affect the spread rate of COVID-19. Methods: In this study, three main scientific electronic databases, including Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science and also Scholar Google were searched on April 14, 2020 to find relevant studies on COVID-19 and its spread in different ambient temperature. Results: Totally 588 articles were found for screening and 27 articles were selected for data extraction. The result of some of these studies showed that weather variations can affect transmission of coronavirus. Low temperature and low humidity may be essential factors for survival of coronaviruses. A temperature of 4°C is ideal for the life of this virus and it may be sensitive to 70°C temperature. The increase in temperature of stainless steel, wood, fabrics, and metal can eliminate and remove coronaviruses according to the findings of some of these reviewed articles. Conclusion: This review study failed to precisely report the effect of temperature or humidity to stop the virus from spreading and transmitting. It is required to conduct more studies in this regard to introduce the exact pattern of transmission by examining the conditions of virus transmission in different climatic conditions.

SLR analysis employing consistent weather-driven corrections for atmospheric refraction, geophysical displacements, and gravity field variations

&lt;p&gt;Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) observations are affected by weather variations. Mass redistributions within Earth&amp;#8216;s fluid envelope (the atmosphere, the oceans, and the continental hydrology) which are partly induced by the perpetual variability of weather, have an impact on (i) the orbits of satellites by inducing gravity field variations, and (ii) the locations of the ground stations by inducing elastic geophysical loading deformations. The SLR range observations between stations and satellites are also dependent on atmospheric conditions (mainly pressure, temperature, and humidity), induced by refraction. This work discusses the benefits that stem from applying consistently derived reduction models for transient gravity field variations, mass loading and atmospheric refraction effects in SLR data analysis. The models are driven from ECMWF&amp;#8216;s latest high-resolution reanalysis, the ERA5. SLR range observations to LAGEOS-1 and -2 serve as the geodetic data input. The software suite EPOSOC is employed to assess the effect of the application of the aforementioned reduction models and to quantify the benefits.&lt;/p&gt;

A Sensitivity-Based Three-Phase Weather-Dependent Power Flow Algorithm for Networks with Local Controllers—Part I: Algorithm Development

<b>Local voltage controllers (LVCs) are important components of a modern distribution system for regulating the voltage within permissible limits. This manuscript presents a sensitivity-based three-phase weather-dependent power flow algorithm for distribution networks with LVCs. This Part I presents the theoretical development of the proposed algorithm, which has four distinct characteristics: a) it considers the three-phase unbalanced nature of distribution systems, b) the operating state of LVCs is calculated using sensitivity parameters, which accelerates the convergence speed of the algorithm, c) it considers the precise switching sequence of LVCs based on their reaction time delays, and d) the nonlinear influence of weather variations in the power flow is also taken into consideration. Simulations and validation results presented in Part II indicate that the proposed approach outperforms other existing algorithms with respect to the accuracy and speed of convergence, thus making it a promising power flow tool for accurate distribution system analysis. </b><div><b><br></b></div>

Thermal performance evaluation of a bioclimatic ventilated wall using a Hot Box

Nowadays, external isolation is highly recommended for both building renovation and new building construction. This isolation requires the installation of structure protecting the insulating materials from the humidity and weather variations. One of the current techniques is the installation of ventilated facades. The recovered energy by this process could be used in winter for the preheating of ventilated air or could be evacuated in summer to protect the building from potential overheating. This study describes the design and application of Hot Box developed specifically to test the thermal performance of a ventilated bioclimatic wall. Based on experiments test, this paper discusses the experimental set-up and the thermal metrology. Data collected from testing a ventilated wall were used to estimate the convection heat transfer coefficients of the ventilated wall.

Ecohydrological Behavior of Semiarid Ecosystems of Chile in Present and Future Climate Scenarios

Semiarid ecosystems of Chile with Mediterranean climate support high demographic rates and maintain important economies associated with the productivity of the natural environment; however, they strongly depend on the water availability and their future is compromised by climate variations. This study tries to define the role of hydrological variables on the growth of herbaceous biomass under the current climate and under future weather variations. For this, the authors used meteorological stations which let them estimate the water balance at plot scale and spectral reflectance sensors which let them follow the dynamics of the NDVI of herbaceous plants. In this context, the NDVI value was about 0.7, which means approximately 3700 kg DM ha1. However, under the worst-case climate change scenarios (RCP 8.5), annual precipitation showed a reduction of up to 31.6% regarding the present period. In this situation, the NDVI could be reduced up to 80% respect to the current situation. Thus, if climate changes to its worst scenario, it could threaten the maintenance and productivity of these ecosystems.

A Sensitivity-Based Three-Phase Weather-Dependent Power Flow Algorithm for Networks with Local Controllers—Part I: Algorithm Development

<b>Local voltage controllers (LVCs) are important components of a modern distribution system for regulating the voltage within permissible limits. This manuscript presents a sensitivity-based three-phase weather-dependent power flow algorithm for distribution networks with LVCs. This Part I presents the theoretical development of the proposed algorithm, which has four distinct characteristics: a) it considers the three-phase unbalanced nature of distribution systems, b) the operating state of LVCs is calculated using sensitivity parameters, which accelerates the convergence speed of the algorithm, c) it considers the precise switching sequence of LVCs based on their reaction time delays, and d) the nonlinear influence of weather variations in the power flow is also taken into consideration. Simulations and validation results presented in Part II indicate that the proposed approach outperforms other existing algorithms with respect to the accuracy and speed of convergence, thus making it a promising power flow tool for accurate distribution system analysis. </b><div><b><br></b></div>

A Sensitivity-Based Three-Phase Weather-Dependent Power Flow Algorithm for Networks with Local Controllers—Supplementary

This supplementary document is part of the original 2-Part manuscript titled “A SensitivityBased Three-Phase Weather-Dependent Power Flow Algorithm for Networks with Local Controllers.” This research focuses on proposing a novel sensitivity-based three-phase weather-dependent power flow algorithm for distribution networks with local voltage controllers (LVCs). The proposed algorithm has four distinct characteristics: a) it considers the three-phase unbalanced nature of distribution systems, b) the operating state of LVCs is calculated using sensitivity parameters, which accelerates the convergence speed of the algorithm, c) it considers the precise switching sequence of LVCs based on their reaction time delays, and d) the nonlinear influence of weather variations in the power flow is also taken into consideration. In this supplementary document, the relevant derivations of the sensitivity parameters are presented to complement the original 2-Part manuscript.

A Sensitivity-Based Three-Phase Weather-Dependent Power Flow Algorithm for Networks with Local Controllers—Supplementary

This supplementary document is part of the original 2-Part manuscript titled “A SensitivityBased Three-Phase Weather-Dependent Power Flow Algorithm for Networks with Local Controllers.” This research focuses on proposing a novel sensitivity-based three-phase weather-dependent power flow algorithm for distribution networks with local voltage controllers (LVCs). The proposed algorithm has four distinct characteristics: a) it considers the three-phase unbalanced nature of distribution systems, b) the operating state of LVCs is calculated using sensitivity parameters, which accelerates the convergence speed of the algorithm, c) it considers the precise switching sequence of LVCs based on their reaction time delays, and d) the nonlinear influence of weather variations in the power flow is also taken into consideration. In this supplementary document, the relevant derivations of the sensitivity parameters are presented to complement the original 2-Part manuscript.