Structural Transformation between Rutile and Spinel Crystal Lattices in Ru-Co Binary Oxide Nanotubes: Enhanced Electron Transfer Kinetics for Oxygen Evolution Reaction

A variety of binary Ru-Co mixed oxide nanotubes (RuxCo1−xOy with x = 0.19, 0.33, 0.47, 0.64 and 0.77) were readily synthesized via electrospinning and subsequent calcination. RuxCo1−xOy nanotubes (0 <...

Study on synthesis and characterization of nano scale spinel Mn0.5Fe2.5O4 by micro-emulsion method

The single phase of Mn0.5Fe2.5O4 spinel crystals was prepared by the micro-emulsion method with the oil phase is DGDE (diethylene glycol diethyl ether). The characteristics of the materials have been determined by the X-ray diffraction (XRD), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Brunaure-Emmet-Teller (BET) nitrogen adsorption and desorption, Vibration sampling magnetometer (VSM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results showed that the single phase of Fe0.5Mn0.5Fe2O4 crystalline was formed due to the substitution of Fe by Mn in the Fe3O4 crystal lattice and single phase spinel crystal is formed with the size of 6.7 nm, specific surface area ≈ 193 m2.g-1, the saturation magnetization reaches ≈ 27 emu.g-1.

Study on synthesis and characterization of nano scale spinel Mn0.5¬Fe2..5O4 by micro-emulsion method

The single phase of Mn0.5Fe2.5O4 spinel crystals was prepared by the micro-emulsion method with the oil phase is DGDE (diethylene glycol diethyl ether). The characteristics of the materials have been determined by the X-ray diffraction (XRD), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Brunaure-Emmet-Teller (BET) nitrogen adsorption and desorption, Vibration sampling magnetometer (VSM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results showed that the single phase of Fe0.5Mn0.5Fe2O4 crystalline was formed due to the substitution of Fe by Mn in the Fe3O4 crystal lattice and single phase spinel crystal is formed with the size of 6.7 nm, specific surface area ≈ 193 m2.g-1, the saturation magnetization reaches ≈ 27 emu.g-1.

A Silicocarbonatitic Melt and Spinel-Bearing Dunite of Crustal Origin at the Parker Phlogopite Mine, Notre-Dame-du-Laus, Quebec, Canada

The Parker phlogopite mine, located near Notre-Dame-du-Laus, Quebec, 74 km north of Ottawa, is well known among mineral collectors for its centimetric euhedral crystals of black spinel. Among the dozens of phlogopite mines active in the early 1900s in the Mont-Laurier–Bancroft corridor in the Central Metasedimentary Belt of the Grenville Province, the Parker mine is exceptional because of the association of forsterite + spinel with phlogopite. Euhedral crystals of these minerals are found “frozen” in a carbonate matrix. The carbonate dike and segregations are associated with spinel-rich dunite that contains accessory diopside, phlogopite, and pargasite, as well as ilmenite and apatite. The interstitial melt crystallized to calcite + dolomite. Hematite appeared as flakes in the melt owing to net loss of hydrogen, and the spinel underwent oxidation-induced exsolution. Our spinel crystal entrapped a domain of carbonate during growth. It also entrapped globules of boundary-layer melt that crystallized to a carbonate + sulfate + phosphate + silicate + oxide assemblage. Such globules, where present in the cumulate, are more pristine than in the coarse crystal of spinel, i.e., less affected by a hydrothermal overprint. We contend that the carbonate melt ultimately formed by the hydrous melting of marble, as supported by oxygen-isotope data on all major minerals. Melting occurred 1140 million years ago, at a time of tectonic relaxation following the Shawinigan compressive stresses.

Effect of Basicity on Precipitation of Spinel Crystals in a CaO-SiO2-MgO-Cr2O3-FeO System

The comprehensive utilization of stainless steel slag is one of major problems to be solved at “green steelworks”. Precipitation of spinel crystals can effectively detoxify residue. The effect of basicity defined by ω(CaO)/ ω(SiO2) ratio on precipitation of spinel crystals in a CaO-SiO2-MgO-Cr2O3-8 wt% FeO system has been determined with such tools as FactSage 7.1, SEM-EDS, IPP 6.0 and XRD. The FactSage 7.1 results showed that the rate of spinel phase enrichment with chromium was about 98% for the system basicity less than 1.4 and about 78% above this value. The precipitation of solid particles in solution appeared to be significantly influenced by basicity. With its increase the solid phase grew, the liquid one reduced, the particle diffusion was limited, and the growth of spinel crystals was inhibited. The spinel crystal size increased rapidly with decrease of basicity. When basicity increased from 0.6 up to 1.0, the crystal size decreased sharply from 12.30 μm down to 6.22 μm, and the reduction constituted as much as 49.43%. When basicity increased from 1.0 up to 2.2, the spinel crystal size moderately decreased from 6.22 μm down to 4.47 μm. Therefore, reduction of basicity is conducive to spinel crystal enrichment with chromium what appears to be a key factor to control basicity at detoxification of the chromium-containing steel slag.

Synthesis of Spinel Color Pigments from Aluminum Dross Waste

Spinel-based ceramic color pigments were successfully synthesized from utilization of aluminum dross waste and relevant oxide precursors by solid-state processing. Cobalt ions were selected as a chromophore to produce blue pigments. The conventional oxide route was also carried out for comparison purposes. The spinel phase readily formed when fired at 1100 °C; longer duration yielded a higher degree of purity. No preferential orientation of XRD reflection was observed, indicating random crystallographic arrangement. Phase formation was also confirmed by Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) which displayed both Co-O tetrahedral and Al-O octahedral which are the main framework for a spinel crystal. Slightly sharper FTIR peaks for the dross route compared to those from the oxide route suggest a difference in crystallinity between the two with different precursors. The particle size distribution was relatively wide (5 – 30 micron), possibly due to a crude nature of the dross precursor. The UV-vis spectra showed absorption in the range of 450-550 nm which is associated with the blue color caused by a shift of the 3d7 electrons of Co2+. The obtained dross-route pigments possessed both a and b color parameters (a = -2.3 to-2.6; b = -3.4 to-4.0) in the negative territory, implying greenness and blueness respectively. The L values were in the 20-30 range. When incorporating into practical glazes, the b parameters unexpectedly became more negative, indicating an even deeper blue tone. This result suggested a high potential for utilization of this dross waste as an alternative precursor source for sustainable production of spinel ceramic pigments.