Exception from informed consent trials: social-media-based community consultation campaigns are representative of target communities

Background‘Community consultation’ (CC) is a key step when conducting Exception From Informed Consent research. Social-media-based CC has been shown to reach more people than traditional methods, but it is unclear whether those reached are representative of the community as a whole.MethodsThis is a retrospective analysis of the CC performed in preparation for the PHOXSTAT trial. Social media advertisement campaigns were conducted in the catchment areas of the three participating trauma centers and evaluated by examining Facebook user statistics. We compared these data to georeferenced population data obtained from the U.S. Census Bureau. We examined variations in the proportion of each age group reached, by gender.ResultsOur social media advertisements reached a total of 332 081 individuals in Los Angeles, Birmingham, and Nashville. Although there were differences in the proportion of individuals reached within each age group and gender groups, compared with the population in each area, these were small (within 5%). In Birmingham, participants 55 to 64 years old, 25 to 34 years old, and females 18 to 24 years old were slightly over-represented (a larger proportion of individuals in this age group were reached by the social media campaign, compared with the population resident in this area). In contrast, in Nashville, female participants 45 to 64 years old, and males 25 to 64 years old were over-represented. In Los Angeles, females 45 to 64 years old, and males 25 to 64 years and over were over-represented.DiscussionIn conclusion, this study demonstrates that social media CC campaigns can be used to reach a sample of the community broadly representative of the population as a whole, in terms of age and gender. This finding is helpful to IRBs and investigators, as it lends further support to the use of social media to conduct CC. Further work is needed to analyze how representative community samples are in terms of other characteristics, such as race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status.Level III evidenceEconomic & Value-based Evaluations.

Minimising Community Opposition to Wind Farm Developments in New Zealand: Opportunities in Renewable Energy Planning

<p>The erection of wind turbines, depending on their location, could significantly interfere with appreciated landscape values of a community, and consequently lead to its objection to a proposed wind energy project. This study explores possible options, which can be applied within the community consultation process to reduce the likelihood of substantial public opposition to wind farm developments in New Zealand. The research topic was chosen to support wind farm planners and decision makers in the consultation process for wind farm developments in order to increase public acceptance of a proposed project, to evaluate possibilities of benefit sharing and public involvement, to select the most appropriate level of community participation in the planning process and consequently to enhance the ability in gaining resource consent under the Resource Management Act 1991. The investigation covers the sequential development of public attitudes towards wind farms, the wider spectrum of public opposition, including vocalised reasons and hidden arguments, community consultation approaches and the different levels of public involvement. The applied methodology for this research comprises a case study approach concerning a New Zealand wind farm including an analysis of submissions made into the resource consent process, follow-up interviews with affected stakeholders, an interview with a wind farm developer, and a comprehensive text analysis. There are various opportunities to increase acceptance of wind farms including aesthetical design, sensitive siting, a pro-active approach, stakeholder analysis, participation and community ownership schemes. The results also demonstrate that increased community involvement may potentially satisfy consulted stakeholders, but could jeopardise obtaining resource consent under the current planning regime.</p>

Minimising Community Opposition to Wind Farm Developments in New Zealand: Opportunities in Renewable Energy Planning

<p>The erection of wind turbines, depending on their location, could significantly interfere with appreciated landscape values of a community, and consequently lead to its objection to a proposed wind energy project. This study explores possible options, which can be applied within the community consultation process to reduce the likelihood of substantial public opposition to wind farm developments in New Zealand. The research topic was chosen to support wind farm planners and decision makers in the consultation process for wind farm developments in order to increase public acceptance of a proposed project, to evaluate possibilities of benefit sharing and public involvement, to select the most appropriate level of community participation in the planning process and consequently to enhance the ability in gaining resource consent under the Resource Management Act 1991. The investigation covers the sequential development of public attitudes towards wind farms, the wider spectrum of public opposition, including vocalised reasons and hidden arguments, community consultation approaches and the different levels of public involvement. The applied methodology for this research comprises a case study approach concerning a New Zealand wind farm including an analysis of submissions made into the resource consent process, follow-up interviews with affected stakeholders, an interview with a wind farm developer, and a comprehensive text analysis. There are various opportunities to increase acceptance of wind farms including aesthetical design, sensitive siting, a pro-active approach, stakeholder analysis, participation and community ownership schemes. The results also demonstrate that increased community involvement may potentially satisfy consulted stakeholders, but could jeopardise obtaining resource consent under the current planning regime.</p>

Minimising Community Opposition to Wind Farm Developments in New Zealand: Opportunities in Renewable Energy Planning

<p>The erection of wind turbines, depending on their location, could significantly interfere with appreciated landscape values of a community, and consequently lead to its objection to a proposed wind energy project. This study explores possible options, which can be applied within the community consultation process to reduce the likelihood of substantial public opposition to wind farm developments in New Zealand. The research topic was chosen to support wind farm planners and decision makers in the consultation process for wind farm developments in order to increase public acceptance of a proposed project, to evaluate possibilities of benefit sharing and public involvement, to select the most appropriate level of community participation in the planning process and consequently to enhance the ability in gaining resource consent under the Resource Management Act 1991. The investigation covers the sequential development of public attitudes towards wind farms, the wider spectrum of public opposition, including vocalised reasons and hidden arguments, community consultation approaches and the different levels of public involvement. The applied methodology for this research comprises a case study approach concerning a New Zealand wind farm including an analysis of submissions made into the resource consent process, follow-up interviews with affected stakeholders, an interview with a wind farm developer, and a comprehensive text analysis. There are various opportunities to increase acceptance of wind farms including aesthetical design, sensitive siting, a pro-active approach, stakeholder analysis, participation and community ownership schemes. The results also demonstrate that increased community involvement may potentially satisfy consulted stakeholders, but could jeopardise obtaining resource consent under the current planning regime.</p>

Designing a database model of district-level land use planning with community consultation in Vung Tau city, Ba Ria - Vung Tau province

Nowadays, building a land database and land use planning database is an indispensable requirement, especially for a seaport city as Vung Tau city (Ba Ria - Vung Tau province) where there are complex land fluctuations. Accordingly, a complete land use planning database with the participation of community will contribute to connecting planners, managers and people, and increase the publicity, transparency and feasibility of land use planning options. The study designed a database model of land use planning with the community consultation for Vung Tau city in accordance with the land data standards of Circular No. 75/2015/TT-BTNMT. Based on the designed model, a set of land use planning database with high accuracy was created and it was in line with the data standards of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment and the designed database model. This database structure contained 22 spatial data tables on ArcGIS and 8 attribute data tables (with the community consultation) on Microsoft SQL Server. Finally, we successfully used the VBDLIS software to build the land use planning database (period 2010 - 2020) for Vung Tau city with 6 data layers, including land use planning data layer (15.060 records), project layer (163 records), adjustment layer for land use planning (12.002 records), adjustment layer for project (570 records), and 2 attribute data layers of community consultation. The results of this study indicated that the correct model and complete database structure were the basis for successfully building and effectively exploiting the database of land use planning. The designed model could contribute to the planning of land management and improve the efficiency of land use.

The Practical Dilemma and Method Analysis of the Community Consultation and Communication Mechanism in Rural China in this New Era

Based on the fact that construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era, ways to deal with the practical problems in the rural community governance practice since the new era, especially how to mediate the disputes and contradictions between the rural community subjects in the governance process, seems urgent. This article focuses on the low level of mass participation in the rural community consultation and communication mechanism in the new era, insufficient construction of consultation and communication platforms, unclear content of consultation and communication, and lack of supervision and feedback. In this new era, China’s rural community consultation and communication mechanism has taken a more practical method.

REVITALISASI PRANATA SOSIAL DAN REKONSTRUKSI PENYELENGGARAAN MUSRENBANG

The study aims to develop a strategic formulation by means of integrating and synthesizing traditional typical planning pattern called Meobu-Obu and Musrenbang (Community consultation on development planning held annually from village level to national level) as participatory development planning occurring so far in the area of South Konawe Regency Government. The attempts of reconstructing and functionalizing rural social institutions were developed through community studies, participatory studies and eclectic case studies. The results show that the process of utilizing Village Funds (VF) still focuses more on physical development aspect rather than the aspect of community socio-economic empowerment. Meanwhile, the process of organizing the Musrenbang tends to be formalistic to merely abort the procedural aspects. Similarly, the institution of kalosara still wrestles with ritualistic field of un sich continuosly, so that the sacralization of kalosara culture has not entered the developmental field yet. It is exactly in this context that the result of research offers a formulation of Musrenbang based on cultural value of kalosara to be used in the future in the attempt of building the rural areas, particularly in the mainland of Southeast Sulawesi Province.