The O2 aurora observed by the TIMED/SABER satellite

<p>We studied O<sub>2</sub> aurora based on the observations of O<sub>2</sub> emission at 1.27 μm from the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) instrument during the nighttime over 18 years. The horizontal structure and vertical profile of O<sub>2</sub> auroral volume emission rate is obtained after removing O<sub>2</sub> nightglow contamination. The O<sub>2</sub> auroral intensity varies between 0.14 and 5.97 kR, and the peak volume emission rate varies between 0.97 × 10<sup>2</sup> and 41.01 × 10<sup>2</sup> photons cm<sup>−3</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>. The O<sub>2 </sub>auroral intensity and peak volume emission rate exponentially increases with increasing Kp index, whereas the peak height decreases with increasing Kp index. The O<sub>2</sub> auroral intensity and peak volume emission rate under solar minimum condition are larger than those under solar maximum condition. The peak height under solar minimum condition is lower than that under solar maximum condition.</p>

On quasi-singular controls in discrete systems with delay

Сconsider an optimal control problem described by a system of differential controls with a delaying argument and a multipoint performance functional under the assumption that the control domain is convex. A number of integral and multipoint necessary optimality conditions in the case of degeneration of the linearized maximum condition are established.

Growth parameters of invasive gibel carp Carassius gibelio (Bloch, 1782) in Lake Marmara (Turkey)

The objective of this study was to determine growth parameters, such as age–length and length–weight relationships, as well as condition factors and sex ratio, of the Carassius gibelio (Bloch, 1782) population in Lake Marmara (western region of Turkey), which is one of the most important fishing areas. Fish were caught on a monthly basis by gillnets and trammel nets (mesh size 10–50 mm) between March 2012 and February 2013. A total of 1058 specimens (809 females and 249 males) were examined. The female–male ratio was 1:0.31. The maximum age was determined as VI and V for females and males, respectively. The total length of females and males ranged from 10.0 to 27.5 cm and from 10.2 to 24.0 cm, respectively. Their weight varied from 17.1 to 378.4 g and from 17.7 to 244.9 g, respectively. Length–weight relationship parameters were a = 0.014 and b = 3.040 for females and a = 0.015 and b = 3.039 for males. Von Bertalanffy growth parameters of the C. gibelio population were as follows: L∞ = 35.86 cm, k = 0.189 year−1, t0 = −1.238 years. Minimum and maximum condition factors were 1.56 for females in October and 1.82 in May and 1.67 for males in September and 1.94 in January.

Study on Microwave Hydrodiffusion Gravity Extraction of the Vegetable Oil from Calophyllum inophyllum L Seed

This article is about extracting the oil from Calophyllum inophyllum L using microwave hydrodiffusion gravity method (MHG). It mainly studies the effect of material size, microwave time, and microwave power on the extraction yield. The experiment shows that the factors which influence the extraction rate are microwave time, microwave power, and material size. The maximum condition for extraction oil using MHG method is 800 W in 20 minutes and the material size is 2 cm to give oil in 0.575% yield.

Necessary conditions of Pontraygin’s type for general controlled stochastic Volterra integral equations

This article is addressed to giving a solution to a unsolved problem, i.e., to establish the necessary optimality conditions of Pontraygin’s type for controlled stochastic Volterra integral equations (SVIEs) when the control region is non-convex and the control variable enters into the diffusion. This problem has been open since [J. Yong, Stochastic Process Appl. 116 (2006) 779–795] obtained the analogue result for the case of convex control region. The key is to introduce a pair of suitable second-order adjoint processes (SOAPs). It is found that the usual way of using only one SOAP in the maximum condition for the classical setting of controlled stochastic differential equations does not work here.

CHANGES IN UTERINE CAPABILITY DUE TO INCREASED LITTER SIZE AT 7 WEEKS OF PREGNANCY IN KACANG GOAT

The purpose of this research was to study the changes in uterine support capability power due to increase of litter size in Kacang goat. In this study, 9 pregnant female Kacang goats were divided into 4 different groups based on litter size, namely 1, 2, 3, and 4. At 7 weeks of pregnancy, the experimental Kacang goats were sacrificed to observe the macro and micro parameters of the uterus. The results showed that the litter size had a quadratic relationship with micro parameters of uterus but it had a linear relationship with macro parameters of the uterus. The variables of uterine glands area, glands lumen area, and cytoplasmic area reached maximum condition at the litter size of 2.5. Litter size had a linear relationship with the volume, weight, and dimension of the uterus. It can be concluded that the optimal number of litter size in Kacang goat was two offsprings which was proven by the optimal function of the uterus to support fetal development.

Estimate of the Nanoparticles Size of Magnetite Produced by Co-Precipitation Method

In the present study, Fe3O4nanoparticles type/core layer were synthesized by co-precipitation wet method and coated with a polymer mixture of polyethylene glycol (PEG). It was performed a study about the effect of duration in maceration time on the final size of nanoparticles in in order to get reaching the maximum condition of disintegration of the crystals. The samples were synthesized according to the same procedure and amount of reactants used synthetic sequence for all samples, only varying the time spent by each sample maceration process done after synthesis. The different times for the maceration samples were 3 minutes, 5 minutes, 7 minutes, 10 minutes, 12 minutes, 20 minutes and finally 30 minutes. The nanoparticles were characterized by Nanosight, DR-X, rietvield analysis and hysteresis curves plotter techniques. The results showed that the grain size of the particles stabilizes at maceration times of more than 20 minutes. The samples presented a satisfactory hysteresis curve indicating the presence of superparamagnetic behavior expected in hyperthermia treatment.

Aspek-Aspek Prioritas Manajemen Wakaf di Indonesia

One of the most potential Islamic economic instruments in Indonesia to improve the quality of people's welfare is waqf. This is supported by the demographic condition of Indonesia which majority is Muslim with big potential of waqf. Practically, the optimization of the potential is not yet in maximum condition and productive. The priority analysis of problems, solutions and strategies in waqf management in Indonesia is done in this research in order to maximize priority to made waqf management is more productive. This study uses primary and secondary data using Analytical Network Process (ANP) method. The result of the analysis shows that the lack of competence and lack of nazhir professionalism become the priority of the internal waqf management problem. While the priority of external problems is the lack of society understanding about waqf and also regulations that are less supportive. Improving the competence, guidance and mentoring of nazhir becomes the priority of internal solutions, while the priority of external solution is the optimization of the role of Badan Wakaf Indonesia (BWI) by improve the regulation by looking at the reality. Short term priority strategy that can be done is to socialize and educate about waqf to all elements.