SPIRITUAL VALUES IN THE WORKS OF SAIF SARAI

The article analyzes the artistic and cognitive significance of Saif Sarai's work «Gulistan bi-Turki». It is assumed that the work is accompanied by customs closely related to the life of humanity. The literary heritage of Saif Sarai, written during the Golden Horde, emphasizes the importance of customs not only of the Turkic peoples, but also of other common peoples in human life. The article states that the work of Saif Sarai serves as a means of continuing spiritual education, which is passed down from generation to generation. The author's work «Gulistan bi-Turki» is very important for spiritual education of young people in terms of cultural value. It deals with the spiritual culture of a person, the perception of the soul through his mind, responsibility, and factors that influence the formation of a person's behavior. Therefore, if a person consisting of these feelings – his life and its course-is a set of spiritual phenomena, it will certainly continue yesterday, today, and tomorrow. The article differentiates that each representative of the world's nation perceives the world civilization through its national code, worldview, and national consciousness formed in it, and seeks to develop it flexibly in accordance with the traditions and customs of its nation. Literary works common to Turkic-speaking peoples, including the presence of common sources in understanding the language of the Kazakh people, make Saif Sarai's works valuable. The article notes that the study of the existence of common sources in the study of ethnography of the Kazakh people in the works of Saif Sarayi is a topical problem today.

Puzzles of Coreference

This chapter deals with coreference puzzles, long regarded as bedrock data against which the adequacy of any theory of singular reference must ultimately be tested. The chapter argues that two-factor referentialism, introduced in Chapter 2, does the best job of solving them. It considers a number of coreference problems, old ones from Frege; newer ones from Kripke, Saul, Richard, and others; and some entirely new ones. It discusses some relevant syntactic issues and distinguishes intrinsic coreference from coincidental coreference. The view that names are individuated by spelling and pronunciation, such as the theory of “nambiguity” put forward by Perry and Korta, is rejected. It criticizes views that treat names as indexicals, as conflating importantly different instruments of reference. It criticizes the view that names are predicates, as having no reasons in its favor other than a misplaced desire for unity. It then develops the two-factor theory by comparing its treatment of cognitive significance with Frege’s views, and more recent views of Perry, Recanati, Fiengo, and May.

Neurological and cognitive significance of probiotics: a holy grail deciding individual personality

The role of the human microbiome in the brain and behavioral development is an area of increasing attention. Recent investigations have found that diverse mechanisms and signals including the immune, endocrine and neural associations are responsible for the communication between gut microbiota and the brain. The studies have suggested that alteration of intestinal microbiota using probiotic formulations may offer a significant role in the maturation and organization of the brain and can shape the brain and behavior as well as mood and cognition in human subjects. The understanding of the possible impact of gut microflora on neurological function is a promising phenomenon that can surely transform the neurosciences and may decipher the novel etiologies for neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders.

Technical aspects of decision-making in communication engineering

The subject of the article are problems of safety in the operation of earth structures designed for vehicle traffic in the conditions of threats of loss of stability. In particular, the following issues were discussed: design and construction of embankments on weak, marshy soil, safety of earth structures in floodplains, safety of earth structures in landslide areas, earth structures located in areas of mining damage. Examples of solutions to particular problems are given. The summary contains statements of utilitarian and cognitive significance.