Study on Self-Cleaning Time and Suspended Particle Distribution in Medical Clean Room

CFD numerical simulation of clean room in Class D medical factory was carried out and compared with the actual measurement to verify the feasibility of the simulation method. On this basis, four typical air flow organizations were simulated and compared by changing air change rate from two directions of self-cleaning time and suspended particle concentration field. According to the simulation results, in order to meet the self-cleaning time within 20 min, the best air change rate should be between 15/h and 25/h. Different air flow organizations have different self-cleaning capacity, and the value of air change rate can be relatively small in the form of single-side supply same-side down return. Different airflow organizations have different suspended particle distribution characteristics, and there are differences in the applicable scenarios, and the applicability of the top supply down return is the best.

A Two-Axis Piezoresistive Force Sensing Tool for Microgripping

Force sensing has always been an important necessity in making decisions for manipulation. It becomes more appealing in the micro-scale context, especially where the surface forces become predominant. In addition, the deformations happening at the very local level are often coupled, and therefore providing multi-axis force sensing capabilities to microgripper becomes an important necessity. The manufacturing of a multi-axis instrumented microgripper comprises several levels of complexity, especially when it comes to the single wafer fabrication of a sensing and actuation mechanism. To address these requirements, in this work, an instrumented two-axis force sensing tool is proposed, which can then be integrated with the appropriate actuators for microgripping. Indeed, based on the task, the gripper design and shape requirements may differ. To cover wide needs, a versatile manufacturing strategy comprising of the separate fabrication of the passive and sensing parts was especially investigated. At the microscale, signal processing brings additional challenges, especially when we are dealing with multi-axis sensing. Therefore, a proper device, with efficient and appropriate systems and signal processing integration, is highly important. To keep these requirements in consideration, a dedicated clean-room based micro-fabrication of the devices and corresponding electronics to effectively process the signals are presented in this work. The fabricated sensing part can be assembled with wide varieties of passive parts to have different sensing tools as well as grippers. This force sensing tool is based upon the piezoresistive principle, and is experimentally demonstrated with a sensing capability up to 9 mN along the two axes with a resolution of 20 μN. The experimental results validate the measurement error within 1%. This work explains the system design, its working principle, FEM analysis, its fabrication and assembly, followed by the experimental validation of its performance. Moreover, the use of the proposed sensing tool for an instrumented gripper was also discussed and demonstrated with a micrograsping and release task.

1340 Is Displaying Mandated Information in Clinic Harming Patient and Society?

Aim The CQC has mandated certain pieces of information are displayed in a clinic and the staff know where to find them. This is in addition to the mandatory training that staff members undergo with increasing repetition. The UK Armed Forces is no exception to this, in addition wall space is often used as opportunistic education for patients. Method We counted the number of posters that were displayed in a CQC good, rated clinic, worked out the average cost to produce, produced a questionnaire of staff and patients to see how many times people engaged with the information and the carbon footprint of compliance. We looked timed how long it took for someone new to the clinic to spot the lifesaving information. Results 140 items of literature took on average 65 minutes ±240 to produce, with an average of 9 pages per item ±190. Average cost was 10 pence per page when lamination was included, totalling £126. At 6000kg CO2/paper page and 1500kg CO2/laminate page, the total carbon footprint was 9,450,000 Kg CO2. Staff members engaged zero times with the literature and only one patient engaged. The time to spot the critical information in a clean room was 0.8 second, in a normal clinic room was 4.3 seconds. Conclusions Distractions can be detrimental in emergency situations and with human factors interplay this can cost people their lives. A 3.5 second delay may seem inconsequential but compounded could be devastating. The cost and Carbon footprint is extraordinary for little benefit.

EMERGENCY VENTILATION OF CLEAN ROOMS

Statement of the problem. In modern industry, clean room technology is commonly used to monitor the state of the air. The use of toxic gases in clean rooms might result in emergencies that call for emergency ventilation. In order to calculate the emergency air exchange, it is necessary to design a model of emergency air exchange considering a significant number of influencing factors. Results. The model of emergency air exchange for a clean room is developed based on the equation of material balance on the harmful gas allocated from the equipment in case of an emergency. The solution of the model of the emergency air exchange for a clean room is obtained allowing the concentrations of harmful gas to be calculated depending on a specific emergency. The properties of the resulting solution are investigated. The concept of accumulating capacity of the ventilated room is introduced and the influence of accumulating capacity on change of concentrations of harmful gas is evaluated.Conclusions. The performed calculations allow one to understand the processes of development of an emergency situation in a clean room more profoundly and to allow for these risks while designing emergency ventilation of clean rooms.

Emergency Ventilation of Clean Rooms

Постановка задачи. В современной промышленности для обеспечения контроля за состоянием воздушной среды часто используют технологии чистых помещений. Использование токсичных газов в чистых помещениях может приводить к аварийным ситуациям, для ликвидации которых необходима аварийная вентиляция. Для расчета аварийного воздухообмена необходимо создание модели аварийного воздухообмена, учитывающей значительное количество влияющих факторов. Результаты. Модель аварийного воздухообмена для чистого помещения разработана на основе уравнения материального баланса по вредному газу, выделяющемуся из оборудования при возникновении аварийной ситуации. Получено решение модели аварийного воздухообмена для чистого помещения, позволяющее рассчитать концентрации вредного газа в зависимости от расчетной аварийной ситуации. Исследованы свойства полученного решения. Введено понятие аккумулирующей способности вентилируемого помещения и оценено влияние аккумулирующей способности на изменение концентраций вредного газа. Выводы. Выполненные расчеты позволяет глубже понять процессы развития аварийной ситуации в чистом помещении и учесть эти риски при проектировании аварийной вентиляции чистых помещений. Statement of the problem. In modern industry, clean room technology is commonly used to monitor the state of the air. The use of toxic gases in clean rooms might result in emergencies that call for emergency ventilation. In order to calculate the emergency air exchange, it is necessary to design a model of emergency air exchange considering a significant number of influencing factors. Results. The model of emergency air exchange for a clean room is developed based on the equation of material balance on the harmful gas allocated from the equipment in case of an emergency. The solution of the model of the emergency air exchange for a clean room is obtained allowing the concentrations of harmful gas to be calculated depending on a specific emergency. The properties of the resulting solution are investigated. The concept of accumulating capacity of the ventilated room is introduced and the influence of accumulating capacity on change of concentrations of harmful gas is evaluated. Conclusions. The performed calculations allow one to understand the processes of development of an emergency situation in a clean room more profoundly and to allow for these risks while designing emergency ventilation of clean rooms.

Do Not Disturb/Please Clean Room: The Invisible Work and Real Pain of Hotel Housekeepers in the GTA

The hotel industry in the GTA is dependent on cheap, racialized and gendered work; the result has been significant poor health outcomes for immigrant women of colour who are over represented in this industry. This paper explores the larger structural processes intensified by neoliberal globalism that leads to the racialized segregated labour of immigrant women of colour working as hotel housekeepers. This will begin by critically analyzing the organization of the economy and the "global city" through a feminist political economy approach and by linking the downward trajectory in immigrant health to the Health Immigrant Effect and gaps in the Population Health Approach. This will be highlighted by personal narratives from immigrant women of colour currently working as housekeepers in the GTA, who have shared their stories and how they are actively contesting and negotiating with their spaces of precarious employment to promote and increase health and well being at work, in their homes and within their communities.

Do Not Disturb/Please Clean Room: The Invisible Work and Real Pain of Hotel Housekeepers in the GTA

The hotel industry in the GTA is dependent on cheap, racialized and gendered work; the result has been significant poor health outcomes for immigrant women of colour who are over represented in this industry. This paper explores the larger structural processes intensified by neoliberal globalism that leads to the racialized segregated labour of immigrant women of colour working as hotel housekeepers. This will begin by critically analyzing the organization of the economy and the "global city" through a feminist political economy approach and by linking the downward trajectory in immigrant health to the Health Immigrant Effect and gaps in the Population Health Approach. This will be highlighted by personal narratives from immigrant women of colour currently working as housekeepers in the GTA, who have shared their stories and how they are actively contesting and negotiating with their spaces of precarious employment to promote and increase health and well being at work, in their homes and within their communities.

Risk Assessment of a MLCC Plant through Fire and Evacuation Simulations

In this paper, fire and evacuation simulations are conducted for the Multi-Layer Ceramic Capacitor (MLCC) factory clean room, and a plan to improve performance standards in the field of performance-based design simulation is suggested. First of all, fire and evacuation risk factors in the clean room were derived through fire accidents and previous research. And fire and evacuation simulations were performed using the derived risk factors as variables. As a result of the simulations, it was found that 'air conditioning equipment', 'working capacity', 'door setting method' and 'life safety evaluation method' have an influence on the life safety evaluation. Finally, a plan to improve the standards for fire and evacuation simulation was suggested to reflect the factors influencing the life safety evaluation.