RESEARCH OF APPLICATION EFFICIENCY OF PIGGYBACK TECHNOLOGY OF CARGO TRANSPORTATION IN UKRAINE

Purpose. In modern conditions of the transport services market functioning, the main task of a customer-oriented carrier is to provide high-quality services for the needs of the clientele in cargo transportation, taking into account modern technologies and world experience. The aim of the work is to analyze the existing problems and prospects for organizing piggyback transportation and the effectiveness assessment of this technology application on the example of one of the most potential routes. Methodology. During the research, methods of analysis and synthesis were used to study the main provisions of scientific publications about world experience of organizing piggyback transportation, methods for determining tariffs for cargo transportation and technical - economic calculations for the selected variants. Findings. Ukraine has significant potential for the development of combined transportation, in particular, in international traffic. One of the most efficient and perspective combined transport technologies in the world is a piggyback transportation. A comparative assessment of the shippers’ costs for cargo transportation using different technologies between the terminals Dnepr-Liski and Chop has been carried out. Scientific novelty. The obtained results make it possible to provide a scientific and economic basis for the selection of expedient variants for combined cargo transportation. Practical value. The obtained results of the analysis of the use effectiveness of piggyback technology, taking into account the existing tariffs and competition with road transport on the specific logistics route, can be used for a preliminary assessment and decision-making about the use of different types of combined transport as an alternative to direct road or rail cargo transportation.

DEVELOPMENT OF A METHOD FOR ESTIMATING THE CAPACITY OF GARAGE DEFROSTING OF THE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM OF AN INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISE

Purpose. The aim of the work is to develop a method for estimating the capacity of garages for defrosting the transport system of an industrial enterprise. Research methods. In the course of the research methods of analysis and logic were used to evaluate scientific and technical publications related to the development and calculation of the capacity of technical devices of cargo stations and unloading complexes. Results. The method of estimating the capacity of defrosting garages of the transport system of an industrial enterprise is developed in the work. The developed method is based on the comparison of the calculated and required capacity of garages for defrosting of large unloading complexes of industrial enterprises. The need to introduce the reserve capacity of defrosting garages in connection with the influence of dynamic factors into the model is substantiated during the research. The scientific novelty lies in the development of a method for estimating the capacity of garages for defrosting the transport system of an industrial enterprise. Practical value. The developed method of capacity assessment allows to optimally, comprehensively synchronize the operation of defrost garages and unloading complex with processing capacity and thus increase the efficiency of management of the transport system of an industrial enterprise.

IMPROVEMENT OF THE LOGISTIC SERVICE OF RAILWAY FERRY

Purpose. In modern conditions, Ukraine, having an extensive railway network and a developed infrastructure of seaports located on its Black Sea coast, is becoming a link in new goods delivery routes in the direction of the EU-China. Transportation of large consignments of goods in the direction is usually carried out in containers by sea transport. At the same time, such transportation is characterized, on the one hand, by a relatively low cost, and on the other hand, by rather long delivery times. An alternative case is transportation by mixed rail-water communication, which allows, with a moderate increase in cost, to achieve a significant reduction in the delivery time of goods. The economic attractiveness of such a transportation scheme depends significantly on the performance of ferry crossings in the Caspian and Black Seas. In this regard, the purpose of this work is to increase the efficiency of international ferry services by improving its logistics support on coastal ferry complexes. Methodology. To achieve the work purpose, methods of statistical analysis were used to determine the volume and structure of ferry traffic; simulation methods to determine effective options for loading ferries; theory of shunting work to optimize the car classification according to the cargo plan. Results. There were analyzed the requirements for ferry loading and developed a computer model that allows to create acceptable plans for the cars location on ferry decks (cargo plan). On the basis of the obtained variants of the cargo plan, the modeling of the multi-group trains forming by combinatorial and distribution methods has been carried out. Based on the simulation results, recommendations of choosing the effective method for train forming and the required number of cargo plan variants were given. Scientific novelty. The author has improved the method for determining the effective cargo plan of the ferry loading, which takes into account the process of forming the trains of cars to be supplied to the ferry. Practical significance. The obtained results can be used to improve the efficiency of international freight transportation management in mixed rail-water traffic.

FEATURES OF CALCULATION OF THE REQUIRED QUANTITY OF GRAIN TERMINAL TRACKS IN SEA PORTS IN MODERN CONDITIONS

Purpose. Ukraine is one of the world's five largest producers of grain crops. Much of the grain is exported. Traditionally, grain cargoes are exported through the western land crossings and seaports of the Black and Azov Seas, with the bulk of grain exports going through the port of Nikolaev and the ports of Greater Odessa. Rail transport provides delivery to exporting ports up to 2/3 of the total volume of grain transshipment in ports. Given the significant number of operations in the general technological process of processing grain wagons in ports, the required capacity of technical equipment of railway transport (number of tracks, locomotives, weighing devices, etc.) plays a significant role in the duration of the transshipment process and total operating costs. In this regard, determining the required number of ways to service the flow of grain for export is an urgent task. Methods. Comprehensive analysis of technical equipment and technology of railway transport of grain terminals in seaports, statistical analysis, graph-analytical modeling. Results. Based on the processing of statistics on the delay of wagons due to commercial marriages with grain cargo in the seaport, the conditional division of detained wagons due to and, consequently, the duration of delay of wagons into long and short. The characteristics of random values of the delay of the car are established and the dependence of the number of detained cars on the value of the total car traffic with grain cargo entering the transshipment is obtained. For short-term delays it is a polynomial dependence of the second degree, for long-term delays it is characterized by exponential dependence. Based on research, an additional track capacity has been established for the sedimentation of detained cars and recommendations have been developed for the number of such tracks and their length. Based on the rationing of the duration of shunting operations with delayed wagons, an additional working fleet of shunting locomotives for servicing delayed wagons was determined and recommendations for the location of wagon scales for commercial weighing of wagons in the process of processing grain wagons in the port. Practical significance. The obtained results can be used to determine the number of tracks and the total capacity of grain terminals in seaports. The duration of additional shunting operations to service the detained cars allows to clarify the calculation of the required locomotive fleet of grain terminals.

RELIABILITY OF LOGISTICS CHAINS IN FOREIGN TRADE OPERATIONS

The aim of the paper is to justify the decision on cooperation with entities in the transport service market for foreign trade operations based on the assessment of logistics chain reliability and shipping time on different routes. The research findings will enable cargo owners and other stakeholders to make management decisions at the delivery planning stage optimizing all processes related to customs and logistics services. Methods. We assess the reliability of four logistics chain types based on a simulation model developed in the GPSS software environment using the method of statistical testing. Results. Customs and logistics service users challenge entities in the transport service market with the task of performing foreign trade operations in compliance with the highest level of quality and service reliability minimizing the cost of delivery and shipping time. The proposed method allows determining the probability of timely delivery of goods in different transportation directions as well as the reliability of the studied process. Scientific novelty. The obtained simulation results will make it possible to work out proposals and recommendations for customs and logistics service users on the choice of an optimal logistics chain type, taking into account its impact on shipping time and reliability of goods delivery. Practical value. The practical value of the research is that the proposed method will allow foreign economic entities to form logistics chains, taking into account available resources and the need to use the services of other companies in international goods delivery. In this case, the efficiency of a logistics chain can be further assessed by the shipping time and reliability for export/import operations.

INTELLECTUAL PROCEDURES FOR ORDERING SEQUENCE ORDERS BY INHOMOGENEOUS FORMING OPERATORS

The researches results of discrete optimal planning problems of a wide range of production-technological, logistic and other service processes are presented. The planning methods are based on new intelligent procedures for ordering (IPO) sequences of elements (orders), which are implemented by means of constructive modeling. Purpose of procedures is to increase the efficiency of ordering receiving of orders, taking into account the complexity of the formation operations, as well as resource constraints. The article considers the models and methods of IPO application, which are focused on the processes of disbandment-formation (DF) of multigroup railway trains at sorting stations. Formally, such processes are represented by new models of ordering multi-sequences of orders taking into account the complexity of operations (OMSCE). In the search for optimal solutions, models of Hamming's associative memory are used, which allow to classify the current situations of OMSCE processes. In them, each class of certain states (taking into account the incompleteness and data perturbation) corresponds to one or more rational operators from among the possible ones. IPO procedures reduce the number of analysis options and increase the numerical efficiency of the optimizing multi-sequence orders method. The article presents the formalization of multilayer constructive models of OMSCE processes, intelligent procedures for methods of their implementation, the formation of the procedure for operations classification based on models of Hemming neural networks. At the same time, an improved structure of DF information technology with the use of intelligent procedures is also developed, examples of their application are given.

ANALYSIS OF TECHNICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF UKRAINIAN PRE-PORT RAILWAY STATIONS

Purpose. The aim of the work is a comprehensive analysis of the technical and technological parameters of pre-port railway stations in Ukraine as key elements of the port infrastructure, ensuring the interaction of railway transport with seaports. Methodology. In the process of research, the methods of analysis and synthesis were used to study the content and the main provisions of scientific publications on the issues of establishing effective interaction between rail and sea transport, with their subsequent comparison and generalization; methods of statistical analysis for research and systematization of technical equipment of port stations. Results. More than 60% of export cargoes go through Ukrainian ports; while 75% of export volumes are delivered to ports by rail. Currently, due to changes in the conditions for the functioning of the economy and the transport system of Ukraine, there is an imbalance between the capacities of ports and the port railway infrastructure for processing freight flows. Based on the analysis, it was found that the throughput of most stations does not correspond to the prospective, and for some stations - and the actual, volumes of work. In particular, for some stations, the capacity of track development is insufficient; a significant problem is also the low efficiency of the shunting means. An effective way to solve the problem of reducing the imbalance in the processing capacity of ports and the pre-port railway infrastructure is public-private partnership in the implementation of appropriate investment projects, the assessment of which should be carried out using modern scientific approaches. Scientific novelty. The authors have systematized the existing technical equipment of the port stations of Ukraine from the point of view of its sufficiency to ensure the existing and prospective volumes of transportation. Practical significance. The results obtained make it possible to provide a scientific basis for further research into assessing the throughput capacity of pre-port railway stations and the effectiveness of infrastructure projects aimed at increasing it.

OPTIMIZATION OF CUT BRAKING MODES ON THE GRAVITY HUMP

Purpose. At the stage of development of modern information systems for controlling the process of breaking up trains on the humps, the main task is to determine such conditions for cuts' rolling, under which the established safety requirements for breaking up, as well as the requirements for the safety of wagons and cargo in them, are fulfilled. The determination of such rolling modes is undoubtedly a rather complex optimization problem, the solution of which is being addressed by a large number of scientists. In this regard, it can be considered that this problem remains relevant, therefore, the purpose of this research work is to determine such modes of braking of cuts of the train, which ensure their reliable separation when rolling from the top of the hill to the sorting tracks. Methodology. To carry out research on the process of dismantling trains on the hump, the method of simulation was used, and to search for the braking modes of the cuts of the calculation group, the Box complex method was used. Findings. The conditions for separating cuts of the calculated group of the train were investigated, and an iterative procedure was developed to optimize the braking modes of all the cuts of the train, which makes it possible to ensure the maximum value of the minimum interval in the calculated group. In this case, the specified procedure takes into account the intervals between the cuts, both on the arrows and on the retarders of the brake positions of the downhill part of the hill. Originality. It has been established in the work that when determining the modes of braking the cuts of the train, it is necessary to take into account the possible separation of the cuts on all elements of the downhill part of the hill - arrows and retarders. The problem of finding the optimal braking modes for all cuts of the train has been formalized and solved, which, in turn, allow providing reliable conditions for separating adjacent cuts at the turnouts and brake positions of the downhill part of the hill. Practical value. The developed method can be used in the study of the sorting process, as well as in the automation systems for disbanding trains on the hump when determining the braking modes of the cuts.

ENERGY EFFICIENT SOLUTIONS IN INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS OF SORTING COMPLEXES OF RAILWAY STATIONS

Purpose. Improving approaches and methods of calculation and design of energy-efficient sorting slides of railway stations, taking into account the mechanization of their braking positions based on the use of modern car moderators, including energy efficient structures. Methodology. The research was performed using the methods of the theory of bitter calculations in combination with the tools of mathematical statistics and probability theory. The assessment of the possible economic effect was carried out taking into account the technical and economic calculations on the criterion of the given savings of annual costs. Results. An estimate of the predicted value of the speed of the very good runner at the entrance to the brake positions when calculating their needs. An adaptive approach to the calculation of the required power of the 1st and 2nd brake positions on the descent part of the sorting slides is proposed. The condition of technological reliability and "survivability" of the system of control of speeds of movement of couplings at rolling down from a sorting hill is checked taking into account action of probabilistic factors. The economic effect of reducing the need for car decelerators for the braking positions of the slides, as well as energy efficiency of sorting complexes. Practical value. The obtained important scientific and practical results to substantiate the reduction of energy consumption and increase the energy efficiency of sorting stations can be used to develop new projects and to survey the parameters of existing sorting complexes, including non-mechanized slides.

RESEARCH OF OPERATION TECHNOLOGY OF HEAVY LOADS PROCESSING POINTS

Target. The transportation of oversized and heavy cargo is considered one of the most important transport services that bring the greatest profit. This requires powerful equipment and highly qualified specialists. The modern system of organizing transportation provides for the acceptance and delivery of small shipments of heavy cargo yards, during which each shipment can be reloaded several times at the cargo sites. Despite the relatively average transportation distances within Ukraine, the number of processing can reach 3 times, and the time spent at such sites is several days. Therefore, an increase in the delivery time for heavy small consignments arises due to their long stay at the cargo yards. Improvement of the technology of cargo yards and their technical equipment is of paramount importance for improving the organization of transportation of heavy cargo by small consignments. Methods. Comprehensive analysis of technical equipment and technology of work of points for processing heavy cargo on railway transport, statistical analysis, mathematical theory of inventory management, methods of correlation analysis. Results. The analysis of the technology and technical equipment of heavy cargo handling points is carried out, recommendations for their improvement are given. The nature of the arrival of vehicles on the cargo front has been studied, the mode of using loading and unloading machines has been studied, and a method for optimizing the technical equipment of the cargo front has been provided. The method for determining the optimal capacity of sites for heavy cargo has been improved. Practical significance. The studies carried out have shown that there are reserves for improving the transportation of goods by heavy small shipments through the development and application of optimal technology. The main direction in reducing the idle time of wagons is to optimize the processes of handling heavy cargo: increasing the capacity of technical equipment, improving the system of operational planning and management of the operation of points for processing heavy cargo. The application of the methodology makes it possible to evaluate various options for technical equipment at reduced costs, to calculate the optimal capacity of processing points for local and transit heavy cargo using the mathematical theory of inventory management and methods of correlation analysis. The task of drawing up an optimal operational plan for sorting heavy cargo is reduced to a linear programming transport problem and is solved with the help of computer technology.