Due to the complex working environment of marine cables, the prediction of residual insulation life of power cables has become a concern. This study mainly discusses the power cable insulation residual life prediction method considering the uncertainty of influencing factors. The aging time points were 0 h, 72 h, 144 h, 264 h, 432 h, 600 h, 844 h and 1152 h. Finally, the elongation at break, the dielectric loss angle of frequency domain dielectric spectrum and space charge distribution are explored. At the beginning of aging, the decline trend of elongation at break curves was gentle, from 510% to 499.6%, 480.6%, and 470.2%. The results show that the difference value of the life prediction method designed in this study is small, which can be effectively used to predict the residual life of power cable insulation.