Digital State Strategy

The purpose of this chapter is to characterize indicators used to advance the computerization of various countries in the European Union (EU) and across the globe. To this end, typical state computerization configurations are classified, and graphical models of critical computerization application systems are presented for each type. Smart city concepts are included in one of the configurations. The chapter begins by examining the history of the development of computerization in the state. It then discusses how, in the 21st century, computerization has changed the relationship between governments and businesses. Next, criteria for assessing computerization are discussed. This is followed by a discussion of different computerization configurations, including the state offline configuration (SOFC), state online configuration (SONC), state integrated configuration (SITC), and others. The chapter concludes by examining Poland's state configuration, which aimed at helping their economic strategy during 2016-2020.

Expanding Welfare State Borders: Trade Unions and the Introduction of Pro-Outsiders Social Policies in Italy and Argentina

This article investigates the drivers of trade union choices in the social policy arena in the age of austerity. Against the background of a political economy literature mostly emphasising trade union support for their stronger constituency – i.e. the ‘insiders’ – the article shows the existence of mechanisms potentially inducing trade unions to broaden their demands. Empirically, the study rests on an in-depth comparative analysis of the political process inducing the two largest trade unions in Argentina and Italy, the CGT and the CGIL, to support ‘pro-outsider’ social policy actively. Besides the comparison of two different geographical areas – though not so different in terms of original welfare state configuration – the main contribution of this article is outlining how the combination of dwindling organizational resources and growing competition from social movements and/or new radical unions leads traditionally insider-oriented unions to reach out to new constituencies and advocate expanded redistributive demands.

Chern-Simons-matter theories at large baryon number

We study SU(2) Chern-Simons theories at level k coupled to a scalar on T2 × ℝ at large baryon number. We find a homogeneous but anisotropic ground state configuration for any values of k on the IR fixed-point of those models. This classical analysis is valid as long as we take the baryon number large. As a corollary, by comparing the symmetry breaking pattern at large chemical potential, we find that the theory does not reduce to the singlet sector of the O(4) Wilson-Fisher fixed-point at large-k, as expected from general grounds. This paper will be one primitive step towards quantitative analysis of Chern-Simons-matter dualities using the large charge expansion.

Independent storage of real-world object features is visual rather than verbal in nature

Previous work has shown that semantically meaningful properties of visually presented real-world objects, such as their color, their state/configuration of their parts/pose, or the features that differentiate them from other exemplars of the same category category, are stored with a high degree of independence in long-term memory (e.g., are frequently swapped or misbound across objects). But is this feature independence due to the visual representation of the objects, or because of verbal encoding? Semantically meaningful features can also be labeled by distinct words, which can be recombined to produce independent descriptions of real-world object features. Here, we directly test how much of the pattern of feature independence arises from visual vs. verbal encoding. In two experiments, during the study phase we orthogonally varied the match or mismatch of state (e.g., open/closed) and color information between images of objects and their verbal descriptions (Experiment 1) or between images of two exemplars from the same category (Experiment 2). At test, observers had to choose a previously presented image or description in a 4-AFC task. Whereas in Experiment 1 we found quite a small effect of visual-verbal mismatch on memory for images, the effect of mismatch between exemplars in Experiment 2 was dramatic: memory for a feature was reasonably good when it matched between exemplars, but dropped to chance otherwise. Importantly, this effect was observed both for color and object state independently. We conclude that independent, feature-based storage of objects in long-term memory is provided primarily by visual representations with possible minor influences of verbal encoding.

Observables in inhomogeneous ground states at large global charge

As a sequel to previous work, we extend the study of the ground state configuration of the D = 3, Wilson-Fisher conformal O(4) model. In this work, we prove that for generic ratios of two charge densities, ρ1/ρ2, the ground-state configuration is inhomogeneous and that the inhomogeneity expresses itself towards longer spatial periods. This is the direct extension of the similar statements we previously made for ρ1/ρ2 ≪ 1. We also compute, at fixed set of charges, ρ1, ρ2, the ground state energy and the two-point function(s) associated with this inhomogeneous configuration on the torus. The ground state energy was found to scale (ρ1 + ρ2)3/2, as dictated by dimensional analysis and similarly to the case of the O(2) model. Unlike the case of the O(2) model, the ground also strongly violates cluster decomposition in the large-volume, fixed-density limit, with a two-point function that is negative definite at antipodal points of the torus at leading order at large charge.

A Study of Yielding and Plasticity of Rapid Prototyped ABS

In this article, the yielding and plastic flow of a rapid-prototyped ABS compound was investigated for various plane stress states. The experimental procedures consisted of multiaxial tests performed on an Arcan device on specimens manufactured through photopolymerization. Numerical analyses were employed in order to determine the yield points for each stress state configuration. The results were used for the calibration of the Hosford yield criterion and flow potential. Numerical analyses performed on identical specimen models and test configurations yielded results that are in accordance with the experimental data.

Synchronized Motion Profiles for Inverse-Dynamics-Based Online Control of Three Inextensible Segments of Trunk-Type Robot Actuators

This study proposes a novel method for the positioning and spatial orientation control of three inextensible segments of trunk-type robots. The suggested algorithm imposes a soft constraint assumption for the end-effector’s endpoint and a mandatory constraint on its direction. Simultaneously, the algorithm by-design enforces nonholonomic features on the robot segments in the form of arcs. An approximate robot spine curve is the key to the final robot state configuration based on the given conditions. The numeric simulation showed acceptable (less than 1 s) performance for single-core processing tasks. The parametric method finds the best proximate robot state solution and represents the gray box model in addition to existing learning or black-box inverse dynamics approaches. This study also shows that a multiple inverse kinematics answer constructs a single inverse dynamics solution that defines the robot actuators’ motion profiles, synchronized in time. Finally, this text presents rotational expressions and their outlines for controlling the manipulator’s tendons.

The (un)balance between tectonic and erosion in analog accretionary wedges

<p>In convergent systems, tectonics, erosion, and sedimentation control orogenic evolution. The nature of the interaction between these factors is still to be unraveled, because of their complex feedback that goes through different time and spatial scales. Here, we try to bind tectonics, erosion, and sedimentation by running laboratory-scale coupled analog models of landscape evolution, in which both tectonic forcing and surface processes are modeled, trying to unravel the nature of these multiple-interrelated processes. The analog apparatus consists of a rectangular box filled with a water-saturated granular material. The deformation is imposed by the movement of a rigid piston (backstop), while surface processes are triggered by simulated rainfall and runoff. We systematically vary the convergence velocity and the rainfall rate, testing how different boundary conditions affect the balance between tectonics and surface processes and the onset of steady-state configurations. We measure the competition between input fluxes (tectonics) and output fluxes (erosion) of material. The results show how analog models never achieve a steady-state configuration in which tectonic rates are perfectly balanced by erosion rates. Tectonics add more material to the accretionary wedge than is removed by erosion (about 2-5 times more). Still, erosional fluxes seem to reach an equilibrium with the applied tectonic flux. The foreland is always overfilled with sediments, and we argued how the storage of sediments in front of a wedge can strongly divert the orogenic system from the “classical” steady state configuration. This work analyzes which are the main differences between analog and theoretical models and if/how the results coming from analog models can be exportable when interpreting natural landscape morphologies and force balance.</p>

First-principles study of Mn3 adsorbed on Au(111) and Cu(111) surfaces

Adsorption energy difference of Mn trimer on Au(111) and Cu(111) surfaces as a function of the magnetic state configuration. Where, the lowest energy state is the AFΔ one.