Crowded Probabilities in Tests for the Presence of Infection

In the presentation, problems have been addressed in perception and popular delusions in the interpretation of information related to the level of confidence / uncertainty of tests by which the presence or absence of contamination is verified. The theoretical essence of the probabilities of a false positive and false negative result, as well as the level of confidence / uncertainty of the test results and on this basis there are assumptions about the perception of such information and possible misconceptions in its interpretation by society. Assumptions made are checked on the information based on a non-reporting survey. The results obtained reveal user difficulties in rationalizing and interpreting the data provided as well as when detecting logical links characteristic of such information.

Reframed narrativity in literary translation: an investigation of the explicitation of cohesive chains

Explicitation is a key concept in translation studies referring to turning what is implicitly narrated in a source text into explicit narration in a target text; it has been widely studied from different aspects across language pairs and genres. However, while most previous studies investigate explicitation through a few indicators of explicitness, most of which are specific logical links and connectives, textual explicitness encompasses far beyond these. To date, little attention has been paid, especially in literary translation, to semantic explicitation, which is realized through cohesive chains in textual development. Since cohesive chains represent the development of events and characters throughout the text, it is assumed the more there are of them, the more tangible a text is in realizing its meaning within its context. This research, therefore, sets out to investigate the cohesive chains in a Chinese classic novel, Hong Lou Meng, and in its two English translations, The Dream of the Red Mansions and A Story of the Stone, with an emphasis on how the texts are manifested as narratives in the respective contexts with different readers. It has found a trend of explicitation in translation from Chinese source text to English target texts in terms of the numbers of cohesive chains and the lexical items forming the chains. It has also found differences in the distribution of different types of cohesive chains (identity chains and similarity chains), which represent distinctive patterns of realizing the context in each text. The interpretation of these different stylistic features in narrative reflects both typological differences and translators’ choices.

Pensées orientale et occidentale: influences et complémentarité II

THE ANTITHESES IN THE “DREAMS” OF MARIAM, THE LITTLE ARAB (1846–1878) Antitheses as a thought figure are characteristic for mystical discourse. First, the panorama of aspects linked to the antithesis and the Catholic mystical discourse are presented. Then, the analyses of the antitheses drawn from the mystical discourse of the “little Arab” are crried out on the examples of the image of the cloud and the image of a cloud and a tree. In the first case, this figure is characterized by dissymmetric predicates (intensified and varied on the negative pole) performing the prophetic and warning function. In the second case, the antitheses – performing the educational function and offering moral and spiritual teaching – are very varied and are connected by logical links between the different elements of the images.

Les antithèses dans les « songes » de Mariam, la petite Arabe (1846-1878)

Antitheses as a thought figure are characteristic for mystical discourse. First, the panorama of aspects linked to the antithesis and the Catholic mystical discourse are presented. Then, the analyses of the antitheses drawn from the mystical discourse of the “little Arab” are crried out on the examples of the image of the cloud and the image of a cloud and a tree. In the first case, this figure is characterized by dissymmetric predicates (intensified and varied on the negative pole) performing the prophetic and warning function. In the second case, the antitheses – performing the educational function and offering moral and spiritual teaching – are very varied and are connected by logical links between the different elements of the images.

A improvável poesia concreto-visual acontece: relato afetivo e reflexões desautorizadas / The Unlikely Concrete-Visual Poetry Happens: Affective Account and Unauthorized Reflections

Resumo: Esse artigo apresenta um relato autobiográfico no qual o autor procura recuperar seus primeiros contatos com a poesia visual-concreta-experimental ao longo dos anos 1980 em função de deslocamentos provocados por diferentes sujeitos presentes nas relações estabelecidas no meio universitário do curso de graduação em História. Escapando de uma perspectiva histórica teleológica e de supostos encadeamentos lógicos e objetivos de causa e efeito, entende sua trajetória lítero-poética como decorrente de improváveis intercorrências no campo social em que se inseria. Ressalta, por isso mesmo, a importância dos processos educativos básicos e acadêmicos na promoção dos deslocamentos criativos e poiéticos. Traz, finalmente, um poema-visual de sua autoria em que relaciona história, memória e o fazer poético.Palavras-chave: poesia visual; poesia experimental; concretismo; autobiografia; memória.Abstract:This article presents an autobiographical account in which the author seeks to recover his first contacts with visual-concrete-experimental poetry throughout the 1980s due to displacements caused by different subjects present in the relationships established in the undergraduate course in History. Avoiding a teleological historical perspective and supposed logical links and objectives of cause and effect, he understands his literary-poetic trajectory as a result of unlikely complications in the social field to which he belonged. It therefore emphasizes the importance of basic and academic educational processes in the promotion of creative and poietic dislocations. Finally, he brings a visual poem of his own in which he relates history, memory and poetic making.Keywords: visual poetry; experimental poetry; concretism; autobiography; memory.

Didactic Complexity Evaluation of Theorems Proofs of the School Geometry Course

In the study of geometry, the student’s assimilation of the reasonings carried out in the theorems proofs has great importance. The diffi culty of understanding reasonings depends on the number of logical links, terms diversity and semantic complexity of mathematical statements. The article proposes the method for determining the didactic complexity of the theorems proofs and the results of its application. The essence of the method consists in “measuring” the amount of semantic information in theorem formulation, picture, reasonings and multiplication of the received volume with the diversity indicator of the terms used. For this, the theorem statement, the picture and the actual proof should be presented in text form, and the resulting file should be analyzed using a special computer program which calculates the number of diff erent terms in this text, takes into account their complexity, and fi nds the diversity indicator. The expert estimates complexity of terms by counting the words included in its defi nition and by the method of paired comparisons. An assessment of 12 frequently used theorems was carried out; this allowed them to be ordered by complexity. For each theorem the proof volume, the total amount of semantic information in it, the terms diversity indicator, the logical reasoning number, the information folding coeffi cient and the didactic complexity were determined.

Features of Sense-Bearing Structure of Political Pre-Election PR Publications

An election period involves a substantial growth in the flow of messages addressed to voters. News PR publications constitute a significant share of these messages; they have a number of structural and content features whose description with a comprehensive approach using linguo-stylistic and discursive textual analysis seems necessary to assess the political discourse’s impact potential. Pre-election PR publications modeling messages within non-direct communication include a dyadic sense-bearing structure evidenced by the presence of two main thoughts and two analytical estimates of the presented situations in the text’s logical pattern, corresponding to two addresser’s intentions – the explicit and the implicit one. Explicit elements have to do with the presentation of the publication’s newsworthy event; the implicit ones create a favorable image of the basic PR subject and contain recommendations of electoral nature. Such dual construction of media text’s sense-bearing structure is considered to be defective in the practice of literary editing but it is a certain pragmatic norm for political pre-election PR texts. Another feature of the abovementioned materials’ sense-bearing structure is the semantic uncertainty of a number of components and/or uncertainty of the logical links between them. Abandoning H. P. Grice’s premises – producing implicit meanings and semantically uncertain elements – has the purpose of creating an impacting effect whose assessment determines the prospects of subsequent research of news PR texts within the pre-election discourse.

Representations of the fundamental group and the torsor of deformations. An overview

This chapter provides an overview of a new approach to the p-adic Simpson correspondence, focusing on representations of the fundamental group and the torsor of deformations. The discussion covers the notation and conventions, small generalized representations, the torsor of deformations, Faltings ringed topos, and Dolbeault modules. The chapter begins with a short aside on small generalized representations in the affine case, which will be used as intermediary for the study of Dolbeault representations. It then introduces the notion of generalized Dolbeault representation for a small affine scheme and the companion notion of solvable Higgs module, and constructs a natural equivalence between these two categories. It establishes links between these notions and Faltings smallness conditions and relates this to Hyodo's theory. It also describes the Higgs–Tate algebras and concludes with an analysis of the logical links for a Higgs bundle, between smallness and solvability.

Media Discourse Syntax

In this article we have emphasized the role of media discourse syntax, so necessary to avoid any misinterpretation. Therefore, understanding the message conveyed by journalists is and will be influenced by word order, sentence type, but also by providing logical links between concepts and ideas play in their own way original. It was found that a contemporary media discourse seeking new concepts to describe functions, meanings and uses of concepts in a particular field, which gradually integrate with older visions through a generality extending existing concepts.