SMALL CLAIM COURT : PRINCIPLE CONCRETIZATION IN LAWSUIT SETTLEMENT

The purpose of this research is to examine the provisions of civil procedural law in settling a lawsuit, to know the form of simple, fast, and low-cost concretization in simple lawsuit settlement. The research method uses the research object of simple, fast, and low-cost concretization in the settlement of a simple claim, normative juridical approach, the type of data used in this study is secondary data, which is sourced from the literature. Secondary data consists of primary legal materials, secondary legal materials, legal material collection techniques carried out by literature and the internet, while the data analysis method is analyzed descriptively qualitatively. The results show that the provisions of civil procedural law in resolving claims in court so far have been using the basis of HIR, which do not differentiate between complicated and simple case examinations so that the time for settlement is the same. The process starting from submitting/registering a lawsuit, determining the day of trial by the head of the panel of judges, the parties being summoned appropriately, the trial, evidence to the verdict took a long time, namely 6 months (SUPREME COURT CIRCULAR No. 6 of 1992), so the Supreme Court issued SUPREME COURT CIRCULAR No. 2 of 2014 which provides a time limit for completing the case of five (5) months. The simple, fast, and low-cost principles of concretizing a small claim court can be seen in the settlement stage. Settlement of a simple lawsuit is divided into 4 (four) stages, namely: 1), preliminary stage, 2) stage of case examination, 3). The objection request stage and 4), the simple action decision stage. This simple lawsuit settlement process should take a maximum of 25 (twenty-five) days. The simple principle is embodied in the shortened settlement process mechanism, the fast principle is realized within 25 days of completion, a peace that does not use the provisions of Supreme Court rules No.1 of 2016, while the principle of low cost is realized from a simple settlement mechanism, will be affected by the cost of the case.

Small Claim Court as the Alternative of Bad Credit Settlement for Legal Certainty of the Economic Actors

This article aimed to analyze the problem of legal cases accumulation, especially default on credit contracts in court. It also analyzes the effectiveness of implementing a small claim court in contract default and the independence of a single judge in handling cases through the small claim court mechanism. Small claim court also to offer a breakthrough in the settlement of bad loans related to contract defaults to reduce the burden on courts in Indonesia and provide legal certainty to business actors. The sole judge also examine, resolve and decide on inheritance cases in a fast and efficient process to issue a fair decision for all parties. This normative study was carried out using statutory, case, comparative law, and analysis content approaches. The research results showed that the filing of small claim court increased 10 times from 2015 to 2020, with the plaintiffs dominated by banks in bad credit cases. A small claim court provides benefits the bank and the customer because it speeds up the settlement of the plaintiff's money in a bad credit case with a case value of not more than 500 million, especially for microloans in a maximum period of 25 days. Furthermore, the latest regulation of 2019 concerning small claim court gives judges the authority to confiscate guarantees and conduct auctions to carry out forced executions through the Court Execution Auction process.

The Legal Policy of Judicial Power: The Idea of Implementation of Small Claim Courts in Religious Courts

Religious Court is a judicial environment under the Supreme Court as a perpetrator of judicial power independent of organizing religious court to enforce the law and justice. The implementation of a small claim court in religious courts following simple, quick, and low-cost principles. The Small Claims Court is a simple judicial mechanism outside of the regular judicial mechanisms to resolve disputes quickly and cost lightly. The purpose of this study was to determine the meaning of the principle of fast, simple, and low cost and the legal politics of applying a simple lawsuit in a religious court. This type of research is normative legal research with a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. The technique of analyzing legal materials uses prescriptive. The study results found that the principle of simple, fast, and low cost in religious courts must meet the expectations of justice seekers who always want a speedy, fair, and low-cost trial. Applying the principle of a simple, fast, and low-cost justice has an intrinsic value of justice, inseparable from the service function. The legal politics of implementing a small claims court in a religious court is a breakthrough step, the proceedings are also fast and inexpensive, decided by a single judge, and the trial mechanism is simple So that implementation of Small Claims Court will be able to help the dispute burden in religious courts.Keywords: legal policy; small claim court, religious court.Abstrak: Peradilan Agama adalah lingkungan peradilan di bawah Mahkamah Agung sebagai pelaku kekuasaan kehakiman yang mandiri menyelenggarakan peradilan agama untuk menegakkan hukum dan keadilan. Penyelenggaraan sidang gugatan kecil di pengadilan agama menganut asas sederhana, cepat, dan murah. Small Claims Court adalah mekanisme peradilan sederhana di luar mekanisme peradilan biasa untuk menyelesaikan sengketa dengan cepat dan biaya ringan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengertian asas cepat, sederhana, dan biaya rendah serta politik hukum penerapan gugatan sederhana di pengadilan agama. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konseptual. Teknik analisis bahan hukum menggunakan metode preskriptif. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa asas sederhana, cepat, dan biaya rendah dalam peradilan agama harus memenuhi harapan para pencari keadilan yang selalu menginginkan peradilan yang cepat, adil, dan berbiaya rendah. Penerapan asas peradilan sederhana, cepat, dan berbiaya rendah memiliki nilai keadilan yang hakiki, tidak terlepas dari fungsi pelayanan. Politik hukum pelaksanaan peradilan gugatan kecil di pengadilan agama merupakan langkah terobosan, proses beracara juga cepat dan murah, diputuskan oleh hakim tunggal, dan mekanisme persidangan sederhana Sehingga pelaksanaan peradilan gugatan kecil akan dapat membantu beban sengketa di pengadilan agama.Kata Kunci: kebijakan hukum; small claim courts; pengadilan agama.

Penerapan Penyelesaian Wanprestasi Melalui Gugatan Sederhana (Studi Kasus Putusan Nomor: 8/PDT.G.S/2020/PN.Yyk.)

Dalam asas hukum acara perdata di Indonesia yaitu salah satunya yaitu asas sederhana, cepat dan biaya ringan. Proses penyelesaian gugatan sederhana atau biasa disebut dengan small claim court merupakan tata cara pemeriksaan di persidangan terhadap gugatan perdata dengan nilai gugatan materiil paling banyak senilai Rp. 500.000.000 juta yang diselesaikan dengan tata cara dan pembuktiannya sederhana. Rumusan masalah: 1). Bagaimana mekanisme gugatan sederhana menurut peraturan mahkamah agung Nomor 2 Tahun 2015 sebagaimana diubah dengan PERMA Nomor 4 Tahun 2019 pada pelaksanaan peradilan gugatan sederhana? Dan Bagaimana Pertimbangan Hakim Dalam Putusan Nomor 8/PDT.G.S/2020/PN.Yyk tentang Gugatan Sederhana? Penerapan metode penelitian yaitu berupa Yuridis Normatif, artinya permasalahan yang diangkat, dibahas dan diuraikan dalam penelitian ini difokuskan dengan menerapkan kaidah-kaidah atau norma-norma dalam hukum positif. penelitian ini membahas pihak-pihak dalam Small Claim Court terdiri dari penggugat dan tergugat baik itu orang perseorangan maupun badan hukum yang masing-masing tidak boleh lebih dari satu, kecuali memiliki kepentingan hukum yang sama. Adapun Tempat tinggal sebagaimana yang tertuang dalam Pasal 4 ayat (3a) Perma Nomor: 4 Tahun 2019 yang menyebutkan bahwa “dalam hal Penggugat berada di luar wilayah hukum tempat tinggal atau domisili Tergugat, Penggugat dalam mengajukan gugatan menunjuk kuasa, kuasa insidentil, atau wakil yang beralamat di wilayah hukum atau domisili Tergugat dengan surat tugas dari institusi”.

A Practical Approach to Civil Procedure

A Practical Approach to Civil Procedure guides the reader through the procedural requirements employed in the civil courts. The volume provides an overview of the key statutory provisions, rules, practice directions, and case law which govern the various stages of a civil litigation claim. Providing practical guidance, the text charts the progress of a typical civil litigation claim, from funding litigation, the importance of alternative dispute resolution processes, issuing and serving proceedings, case management, and through to trial, enforcement, and appeal. Relevant sample documentation is featured throughout and introduces the forms and documents which will be encountered in practice, while key points summaries featured at the end of chapters highlight the essential points covered. This edition has been revised to incorporate rule changes up to the Civil Procedure (Amendment No 2) Rules 2021 and the 129th Update. Changes incorporated into the new edition include: Pre-action protocol for small claim road traffic accident cases and the new PD 27B; procedural aspects of the tariff system for whiplash injuries under the Civil Liability Act 2018; recent case law on service of claim forms and particulars of claim; revised rules on costs management; changes to the rules on statements of truth; revisions to the chapter on summary judgment, including the cheque rule and the approach taken in summary judgment applications for discretionary remedies; replacement PD 51U on disclosure of documents in the Business and Property Courts; case law developments on legal professional privilege and without prejudice privilege; developments on search orders, and case law on imaging orders; further guidance on remote hearings; and debt respite procedures.

Penyelesaian Gugatan Sederhana (Small Claim Court) di Pengadilan Negeri Stabat

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui bagaimana penyelesaian perkara dalam Gugatan Sederhana berdasarkan asas peradilan sederhana, cepat dan biaya ringan dan bagaimana penerapan gugatan sederhana (small claim court) dalam penyelesaian perkara di Pengadilan Negeri Stabat. Manfaat penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan masukan dalam pengembangan ilmu hukum, khususnya dalam bidang hukum perdata yang berkaitan dengan penyelesaian perkara gugatan sederhana. Metode yang digunakan dalam peneitian ini adalah penelitian hukum normatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan Peraturan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 2 Tahun 2015 Jo Peraturan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 4 Tahun 2019 tentang Tata Cara Penyelesaian Gugatan Sederhana di Pengadilan Negeri Stabat terlaksana secara efektif dan merupakan wujud nyata dari pelaksanaan penyelenggaraan peradilan dengan asas sederhana, cepat, dan biaya ringan.

KLAUSULA BAKU DALAM PERJANJIAN KREDIT BANK PERKREDITAN RAKYAT

<p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui proses dan prosedur penyusunan perjanjian kredit yang dilakukan oleh Bank Perkreditan Rakyat (BPR) di Salatiga serta menganalisis keabsahan dari perjanjian tersebut. Penelitian ini membahas ketidaksesuaian penerapan perjanjian kredit berdasarkan klausula baku undang- undang No 08 Tahun 1999 tentang perlindungan konsumen. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memahami proses pelaksanaan dan kendala dari pasal-pasal yang dituangkan dalam perjanjian kredit. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis empiris dengan menggunakan deskriptif analitis. Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa dalam melakukan perjanjian kredit, kreditur tidak melibatkan debitur dalam negosiasi untuk menentukan isi atau pasal-pasal perjanjian sehingga klausul yang dibuat merupakan klausul eksonerasi yang telah disusun pada (<em>draft</em>) yang disediakan kreditur kepada notaris dan PPAT untuk disusun sebagai perjanjian yang berbentuk notariil. Perlindungan hukum diberikan dari beberapa sudut pandang yaitu tidak ada negosiasi isi dari perjanjian kredit dan denda dari kelalaian atau keterlambatan pembayaran oleh debitur. Untuk mendapatkan kepastian hukum, kreditur menggunakan gugatan sederhana (<em>small claim court</em>) di Pengadilan Negeri Salatiga untuk menindak tindakan wanprestasi yang dilakukan oleh pihak debitur. Kendala yang dialami kreditur ialah penolakan gugatan yang meminta denda yang dimuat dalam perjanjian berbentuk akta autentik.</p>

Ukrainian-English Translation of Legal Terms: Case Study of Insignificant Cases and Small Claims

The article is devoted to the problem of translating legal terms from Ukrainian into English on the basis of a case study of a newly-coined term in Ukrainian legislation – ‘maloznachna sprava’. The relevance of the topic of legal translation from English into Ukrainian and vice versa has become especially acute in light of the Ukraine-EU approximation agreement. The author emphasises the necessity to perform concept analysis between the terms in the EU and Ukraine simplified procedures and comes to the conclusion that despite having surface similarity to the EU term ‘small claim’, the Ukrainian term ‘maloznachna sprava’ is, in fact, a much wider concept. A range of translations of legal neologisms are described in the article, and the need to use a literal translation of the term is substantiated. As a result of the analysis of possible translation options and the ECtHR translation precedent, it is recommended that the term ‘maloznachna sprava’ should be translated as ‘insignificant case’ within the sphere of Ukrainian civil procedure. Keywords: legal translation, Ukrainian-English translation, small claim, insignificant case.

Peculiarities of Small Claim Review in New Zealand

The article analyzes the distinctive features of the small claims’ consideration procedure in New Zealand. The features of the tribunals for the resolution of such cases functioning and the procedural order of their consideration are investigated. Based on the study, the author concludes that there is an extrajudicial procedure for resolving simple disputes in New Zealand, resulting from the society’s need for quick and effective resolution of conflicts without using traditional court procedures.

TRANSLATION OF LEGAL NEOLOGISMS ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE TERM "INSIGNIFICANT CASE"

The article deals with the issue on translating legal terms from Ukrainian into English on the basis of a case study of a newly-coined term in Ukrainian legislation – 'maloznachna sprava'. The relevance of the topic of legal translation from English into Ukrainian and vice versa has become especially acute in light of the Ukraine-EU approximation agreement. While the introduction of simplified civil proceedings is itself a step towards the approximation of Ukrainian legislation to the EU, the next stage will inevitably be comparing and contrasting the existing terms within the Ukrainian and EU civil procedures. Ukrainian simplified procedure aims at considering insignificant cases (Ukr. – 'maloznachni spravy') in a speedy manner, while EU accelerated and simplified civil procedure uses the term 'small claims' for cases with a claim value for up to EUR 5,000. Obviously, these notions are not equivalent, but their meaning overlaps, creating pitfalls for translation. Thus, for proper translation, it is important to specify how the concept of small claims fits into Ukraine's national context. The notion of insignificant cases illustrates the relevance of the linguistic study of legal translations, as well as a need for the consolidation of practical achievements in the field of translation of legal discourse and, in particular, legal neologisms. The purpose of legal translation is to create a text that will be interpreted in the same way by legal professionals in the target legal system as it would be in the original legal system. The aim of translation is not to erase linguistic and cultural differences but to accommodate them, fully and unapologetically. The challenge is to convey the legal text as a fragment of a living legal system. When translating, a translator should strive for equivalence, bearing in mind the harmonisation and approximation of terminologies. The linguistic approximation of national Ukrainian legal terms to the EU terminology should be carefully considered to avoid their misinterpretation with the supranatural terms. The author emphasises the necessity to perform concept analysis between the terms in the EU and Ukraine simplified procedures and comes to the conclusion that despite having surface similarity to the EU term 'small claim', the Ukrainian term 'maloznachna sprava' is, in fact, a much wider concept. A range of translations of legal neologisms are described in the article, and the need to use a literal translation of the term is substantiated. As a result of the analysis of possible translation options and the ECtHR translation precedent, it is recommended that the term 'maloznachna sprava' should be translated as 'insignificant case' within the sphere of Ukrainian civil procedure. Keywords: legal translation, Ukrainian-English translation, small claim, insignificant case.