scholarly journals SMALL CLAIM COURT : PRINCIPLE CONCRETIZATION IN LAWSUIT SETTLEMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 339
Author(s):  
Peni Rinda
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Small Claim ◽  
Procedural Law ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Simple Action ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Trial Evidence

The purpose of this research is to examine the provisions of civil procedural law in settling a lawsuit, to know the form of simple, fast, and low-cost concretization in simple lawsuit settlement. The research method uses the research object of simple, fast, and low-cost concretization in the settlement of a simple claim, normative juridical approach, the type of data used in this study is secondary data, which is sourced from the literature. Secondary data consists of primary legal materials, secondary legal materials, legal material collection techniques carried out by literature and the internet, while the data analysis method is analyzed descriptively qualitatively. The results show that the provisions of civil procedural law in resolving claims in court so far have been using the basis of HIR, which do not differentiate between complicated and simple case examinations so that the time for settlement is the same. The process starting from submitting/registering a lawsuit, determining the day of trial by the head of the panel of judges, the parties being summoned appropriately, the trial, evidence to the verdict took a long time, namely 6 months (SUPREME COURT CIRCULAR No. 6 of 1992), so the Supreme Court issued SUPREME COURT CIRCULAR No. 2 of 2014 which provides a time limit for completing the case of five (5) months. The simple, fast, and low-cost principles of concretizing a small claim court can be seen in the settlement stage. Settlement of a simple lawsuit is divided into 4 (four) stages, namely: 1), preliminary stage, 2) stage of case examination, 3). The objection request stage and 4), the simple action decision stage. This simple lawsuit settlement process should take a maximum of 25 (twenty-five) days. The simple principle is embodied in the shortened settlement process mechanism, the fast principle is realized within 25 days of completion, a peace that does not use the provisions of Supreme Court rules No.1 of 2016, while the principle of low cost is realized from a simple settlement mechanism, will be affected by the cost of the case.

scholarly journals PROBABILITAS MEKANISME SMALL CLAIM COURT DALAM PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA WARIS DI PENGADILAN AGAMA / PROBABILITY OF SMALL CLAIM COURT MECHANISM IN RESOLVING INHERITANCE DISPUTES IN RELIGIOUS COURT

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 387
Author(s):  
Adi Nur Rohman ◽  
Sugeng Sugeng
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Bright Spot ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Small Claim ◽  
Procedural Law ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Religious Courts

Hukum acara formil yang berlaku di Pengadilan Agama dalam menyelesaikan sengketa waris relatif memakan waktu yang cukup lama. Hal ini mengakibatkan waktu serta biaya yang dikeluarkan menjadi lebih besar. Mekanisme small claim court yang diatur oleh Mahkamah Agung melalui PERMA No. 2 tahun 2015 tentang tata cara penyelesaian sengketa sederhana dalam sistem peradilan umum menjadi titik terang. Konsep small claim court tersebut diharapkan dapat diaplikasikan dalam sistem peradilan agama sehingga mampu memangkas waktu yang lama dalam penyelesaian sengketa waris di Pengadilan Agama. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menawarkan terobosan baru dalam sistem peradilan agama di Indonesia khususnya terkait penyelesaian sengketa waris. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual dengan menggunakan studi kepustakaan sebagai alat analisis bahan hukum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyelesaian sengketa waris di Pengadilan Agama dengan konsep small claim court dipandang mungkin untuk diimplementasikan sebagai bagian dari pembaharuan hukum acara peradilan agama. Namun demikian, hal itu perlu diiringi dengan pengklasifikasian perkara waris ke dalam perkara besar dan kecil dilihat dari nilai harta warisan yang disengketakan. Oleh karenanya, perluasan pengaturan mekanisme small claim court ke dalam sistem peradilan agama menjadi penting guna memangkas mekanisme penyelesaian perkara yang terlalu lama.The formal procedural law that applies in the Religious Courts in resolving inheritance disputes takes a relatively long time. This results in greater time and costs. The small claim court mechanism regulated by the Supreme Court through Supreme Court Regulation No. 2 of 2015 concerning the procedure for resolving simple disputes in the general justice system to become a bright spot. The concept of small claim court is expected to be applied in the religious justice system so that it can cut down the long time in resolving inheritance disputes in the Religious Courts. This study aims to offer a new breakthrough in the system of religious justice in Indonesia, especially in relation to the resolving of inheritance disputes. This research is a normative juridical research with a law and conceptual approach by using literature study as a legal material analysis tool. The results showed that the resolving of dispute of inheritance in the Religious Court with the small claim court concept was considered possible to be implemented as part of the renewal of the religious court procedural law. However, this needs to be accompanied by the classification of inheritance cases into large and small cases seen from the value of the disputed inheritance. Therefore, the expansion of the small claim court mechanism into the religious justice system is deemed necessary in order to reduce the mechanism for resolving cases that are too long.

scholarly journals Alternatif Penyelesaian Sengketa sebagai Solusi Mewujudkan Asas Pemeriksaan Perkara “Sederhana, Waktu Singkat dan Biaya Murah”

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syafrida Syafrida
Keyword(s):  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Alternative Dispute Resolution ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Good Faith ◽  
District Court ◽  
Procedural Law ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Short Time

AbstractBackground to the problem "Alternative Dispute Resolution" (APS) is a dispute resolution agency or dissent which is resolved through an agreement procedure by the parties carried out outside the court by means of consultation, negotiation, mediation, conciliation or expert judgment. The settlement is based on good faith by ignoring litigation settlement through the District Court which takes a long time and is expensive, bound to formal procedures that must be implemented. This certainly contradicts the principle of civil procedural law "examination is as simple as possible, short time and low cost." The method used to write this article is Library Research using secondary data in the form of primary legal materials, secondary legal materials and tertiary legal materials relating to Alternative Dispute Resolution (APS). The research is normative juridical. The conclusion is that dispute resolution through alternative dispute resolution carried out in a manner that is carried out outside the court is based on good faith to reach an agreement, mutually beneficial is to realize the principle of hearing a simple "short time and low cost." While the superiority of resolution through Alternative Dispute Resolution (APS) is an examination based on the agreement of the parties, good faith, mutual benefit between the two parties, no one loses and wins, prevents hostility between the parties and closed examination.Keywords: Alternative Dispute Resolution, Examination "simple, short time and low cost"  AbstrakLatar belakang masalah Alternatif Penyelesaian Sengketa (APS) adalah lembaga penyelesaian sengketa atau beda pendapat yang diselesaikan melalui prosedur kesepakatan oleh para pihak dilakukan di luar pengadilan dengan cara konsultasi, negosiasi, mediasi, konsiliasi atau penilaian ahli. Penyelesaian didasarkan itikad baik dengan mengenyampingkan penyelesaian secara litigasi melalui Pengadilan Negeri yang memakan waktu yang lama dan biaya yang mahal, terikat pada prosedur yang formal yang harus dilaksanakan. Hal ini tentu bertentangan asas hukum acara perdata “pemeriksaan sesederhana mungkin, waktu singkat dan biaya murah.” Metode yang digunakan untuk menulis artikel ini adalah Penelitian Kepustakaan dengan menggunakan data sekunder berupa bahan hukum primer, bahan hukum sekunder dan bahan hukum tertier yang berkaitan dengan Alternatif Penyelesaian Sengketa (APS). Penelitian bersifat yuridis normatif. Kesimpulannya bahwa penyelesaian sengketa melalui alternatif penyelesaian sengketa yang dilakukan dengan cara yang dilakukan di luar pengadilan didasarkan pada itikad baik untuk mencapai kesepakatan, saling menguntungkan adalah untuk mewujudkan asas pemeriksaan perkara “sederhana waktu singkat dan biaya murah.” Sedang keunggulan penyelesaian melalui Alternatif Penyelesaian Sengketa (APS) adalah pemeriksaan didasarkan kesepakatan para pihak, itikad baik, saling menguntungkan kedua belah pihak, tidak ada pihak yang kalah dan menang, mencegah permusuhan diantara para pihak dan pemeriksaan tertutup.Kata Kunci: Alternatif Penyelesaian Sengketa, Pemeriksaan “sederhana, waktu singkat dan biaya murah”

scholarly journals Urgensi Penyederhanaan Agenda Sidang Pada Hukum Acara Perdata Di Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Syahrul Sajidin
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Civil Procedure ◽  
Business World ◽  
Procedural Law ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
The Hours

Court beside as a judicial institution, have other function to give public service. One of the good and excellent services is realized by the existence of a simple service procedure. One of the most highlighted is that there are still many trial agendas that are considered unnecessary to be delivered directly in front of the panel of judges (during the hearing). Some of these stages include the agenda for reading answers, replicating and duplicating. So that from some of these backgrounds it is necessary to examine the urgency of simplifying the civil procedure law in Indonesia. From the description of the background of the research, the formulation of the problem can be arranged as follows, what is the urgency of simplifying the session agenda by submitting the answers, replicating and duplicating in writing and how is the simplifi  cation of the Civil Procedure Law in supporting the implementation of the judicial principle fast, simple and low-cost?. Simplification of civil procedural law is expected to be able to reduce the hours of the trial so that with fewer trial agendas the session becomes effective and efficient. In order for the simplification of civil procedural law to be able to bring maximum results, the Supreme Court needs to prepare several things. With the stages of building the system, managing the system, utilizing technology, increasing the role of the business world, developing HR capacity and implementing development in a systematic and measurable manner.

scholarly journals IMPLEMENTATION OF RESTORATIVE JUSTICE IN INDONESIAN GENERAL COURTS(BASED ON THE DECREE OF THE DIRECTOR- GENERAL OF THE SUPREME COURT OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 424-434
Author(s):  
Haposan Sahala Raja Sinaga
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
Restorative Justice ◽  
Criminal Responsibility ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Director General ◽  
Supreme Courts ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
The Republic

The shift in punishment in the criminal justice system prioritizes justice for victims and perpetrators of criminal acts in addition to alternative punish- ments such as social work and others carried out with a restorative justice approach. Focusing on the process  of  direct  criminal  responsibility  from the perpetrator to the victim and society, if the perpetrator and victim and  the community whose rights have been violated feel that justice has been achieved through collective deliberation efforts, punishment can be avoided. The perpetrator is not the main object of the restorative justice approach,   but the sense of justice and conflict recovery itself are the main objects. The Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia, on December 22 2020, through the Director-General of the General Courts Agency, has made Decree Number: 1691/DJU/SK/PS.00/12/2020 concerning the Enforcement of Guidelines for the Implementation of Restorative Justice in the Indonesian General Courts. With the normative juridical research method, with the nature of qualitative descriptive research, by examining secondary data obtained through the Decree of the Director-General of the General Courts of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia Number: 1691/DJU/SK/PS.00/12/2020 and other related regulations which has relevance to the implementation of restorative justice in the Indonesian general courts’ environment. The results of the research show the implementation of restorative justice in the Indonesian general courts, as stated in the Decree of the Director-General of the Supreme Courts Number: 1691/DJU/SK/PS.00/12/2020, which must apply and be applied by all district courts in Indonesia, especially in terms of case settlement in action. Minor offenses, child cases, women in conflict with the law and nar- cotics cases. The existence of alternative case resolution through restorative justice can realize the principles of fast, simple and low cost with balanced justice.

scholarly journals Ideal Execution of Civil, Cases Based on Principles of Justice to create a Simple and Low-cost Judiciary

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 70-77
Author(s):  
Irma Garwan
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
District Court ◽  
High Court ◽  
Civil Case ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
Principles Of Justice ◽  
Discovery Method ◽  
The Ideal

Execution of civil case decision at the normative and implementative levels often causes juridical, sociological, and philosophical problems. The juridical problems may arise since the norms that regulate execution are often too short, simple, and not detailed; this could also cause problems at the implementative level. On top of that, the problems may be caused by a non-executable legally-binding decision (inkracht van gewijs de zaak). The objectives of the study are to investigate the ideal implementation of execution for the winning party to be in accordance with the provisions in Article 2 para. (4) and Article 4 para. (2) of Law No. 48/2009 concerning Judicial Power. The study employs a juridical, normative, and historical approach, as well as an in-concreto law discovery method. The study involved secondary data acquired from the review of relevant legal literatures. The data were analyzed and presented qualitatively. The results reveal that the principles of simple, fast, and low-cost judiciary is actualized if, in practice, the District Court Chief does not have to wait for the High Court Chief’s approval. Therefore, the Supreme Court shall prepare personnel (who have been appointed as Civil Servants) as the instruments to carry out the execution of legally-binding decisions.

scholarly journals Evoluzione della giurisprudenza costituzionale statunitense in materia d’aborto (II)

2011 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Persano
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Supreme Court ◽  
Single Case ◽  
The United States ◽  
Planned Parenthood ◽  
Abortion Debate ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Right ◽  
Roe V Wade

Negli Stati Uniti il dibattito sull’aborto è sempre un tema molto caldo. Questo saggio, diviso in due parti (la prima parte è stata pubblicata sul precedente numero della rivista) prova a ripercorrere l’evoluzione della giurisprudenza costituzionale statunitense in materia d’aborto, evidenziando i cambiamenti che ciascuna decisione ha apportato al quadro giuridico precedente. In questa seconda parte, la dissertazione sui singoli casi giurisprudenziali decisi dalla Suprema Corte prosegue con il caso Planned Parenthood v. Casey. Esso è stato una vera occasione mancata nella storia dell’aborto negli Stati Uniti, perchè venne sfiorata la overrule di Roe v. Wade. Ciononostante, venne sostanzialmente confermato l’impianto delle decisioni precedenti, in considerazione del fatto che una decisione contraria all’aborto avrebbe spiazzato un popolo che per decenni aveva organizzato la propria vita in funzione anche della possibilità di abortire. Con questa decisione si distinse la gravidanza in due periodi: quello della pre-viabilità, in cui la donna era completamente libera di abortire in accordo col medico; quello della post-viabilità, in cui gli Stati avrebbero potuto legiferare, pur dovendo consentire l’aborto nel caso di pericolo per la vita o la salute della madre. Inoltre il diritto d’aborto venne radicato nella libertà riconosciuta nel XIV Emendamento della Costituzione. Nel successivo caso Stenberg v. Carhart fu oggetto di giudizio l’aborto a nascita parziale: una legge del Nebraska aveva bandito questa pratica, ma la legge fu annullata dalla Corte Suprema, nonostante il duro dissenso di ben quattro giudici, fra cui Anthony Kennedy. Successivamente a questa decisione, il Congresso prese l’iniziativa di emanare il Partial Birth Abortion Ban Act. Questa legge fu impugnata in via d’azione davanti alla Corte Suprema e ne scaturì la sentenza Gonzalez v. Carhart. In questa decisione la Corte fece un passo indietro rispetto a Stenberg, affermò la legittimità del bando, sostenne che l’aborto a nascita parziale non è mai necessario per tutelare la vita della donna e che Stenberg era fondato su convinzioni erronee sul punto. Il saggio si conclude con delle interessanti considerazioni in merito ai possibili sviluppi futuri circa il tema dell’aborto negli Stati Uniti, auspica la “liberalizzazione del diritto alla vita” ed avanza una originale proposta, valida per tutti i Paesi in cui l’aborto è legalizzato. ---------- Abortion debate is always a hot subject in the United States. This essay, divided into two parts (the first part has been published on the previous issue of this review) tries to go along the development of U.S. constitutional caselaw about abortion, pointing out the change that each judgement caused to the previous law framework. In this second part, the dissertation about U.S. Supreme Court single case-law goes on by Planned Parenthood v. Casey. It was a real missed occasion in the abortion affair in the United States, because it was on the verge of overruling Roe v. Wade. However, the framework of the previous cases was substantially confirmed, considering that a decision against abortion would place out people who for a long time organized their own life in connection to the right of abortion. By this judgement, pregnancy was divided into two periods: pre-viability, when woman was completely free to have an abortion in agreement with her doctor; post-viability, when States could restrict abortion, except for woman life or health risks. Moreover, abortion right was founded on liberty, acknowledged by XIV Amendement. In the following case Gonzalez v. Carhart, partial-birth abortion was judged: a statute of Nebraska banned this activity, but it was stroked down by Supreme Court, despite of the dissenting opinion of four judges (Anthony Kennedy was one of them). After this judgement, the Congress wanted to issue Partial Birth Abortion Ban Act. This statute was pre-enforcement challenged to the Supreme Court, and Gonzalez v. Carhart was poured. In this judgment, the Court drew back Stenberg, it stated the ban was legitimate, partial-birth abortion never is necessary to safeguard woman health, and Stenberg was founded on wrong beliefs on this matter. This essay concludes with interesting considerations about possible developments about abortion affair in the United States, wishes “liberty of right to life” and proposes a solution for all the countries where abortion is legal.

scholarly journals Kekuatan Pembuktian Fotokopi Surat yang Tidak Dapat Dicocokkan dengan Aslinya dalam Perkara Perdata

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-352
Author(s):  
Devina Puspita Sari
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
District Court ◽  
Witness Testimony ◽  
High Court ◽  
Original Letter ◽  
Procedural Law ◽  
Opposing Party ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
Valid Evidence

The photocopy acceptable in the court if it matched with the original letter and the strength of that photocopy is the same as the original letter. However, sometimes the original letter has been lost so that it cannot be shown at trial. This paper discusses whether a photocopy that cannot be matched with the original letter can be accepted in the civil procedural law and if it can be accepted how the strength of it, then the discussion will look at the judge’s consideration in two cases related to the issue. The results of discussions are that photocopies that cannot be matched with the original letter can be accepted as evidence if the photocopy matches or is strengthened with other evidence, as the jurisprudence of Decision Nr. 112 K/Pdt/1996 and Decision Nr. 410 K/pdt/2004. The jurisprudence has been followed by similar cases, which is the Decision of the Central Jakarta District Court Nr. 164/Pdt.G/2004/PN.Jkt.Pst jo. Decision of The Jakarta High Court Nr. 234/Pdt/2005/PT.DKI jo. Decision of The Supreme Court Nr. 1498 K/Pdt/2006 which in this case a photocopy can be accepted because it is strengthened by the recognition of the opposing party and The Pontianak District Court Nr.52/Pdt.G/2003/PN.Ptk which received a photocopy because it was strengthened with  witness testimony. The photocopy has a free power of proof (depends on the judge’s assessment). The use and assessment of the strength of the photocopy cannot be independent, but must be linked to other valid evidence. Abstrak Fotokopi surat dapat diterima dalam persidangan apabila dapat dicocokkan dengan aslinya, dan kekuatan pembuktiannya sama seperti surat aslinya. Tulisan ini membahas, dalam hal surat aslinya tidak dapat ditunjukkan di persidangan, apakah fotokopi surat dapat diterima dalam pembuktian hukum acara perdata, dan, apabila dapat diterima, bagaimanakah kekuatan pembuktiannya. Artikel ini menunjukkan, fotokopi surat yang tidak dapat dicocokkan dengan aslinya dapat diterima sebagai alat bukti surat jika bersesuaian atau dikuatkan dengan alat bukti lain, sebagaimana Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 112 K/Pdt/1996 dan Putusan Nomor 410 K/pdt/2004 yang telah menjadi yurisprudensi. Yurisprudensi ini telah diikuti dalam perkara serupa, yaitu dalam Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Jakarta Pusat Nomor 164/Pdt.G/2004/PN.Jkt.Pst jo. Putusan Pengadilan Tinggi Jakarta Nomor 234/Pdt/2005/PT.DKI jo. Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 1498 K/Pdt/2006, di mana dalam perkara ini fotokopi surat dapat diterima karena dikuatkan dengan pengakuan pihak lawan. Demikian juga dalam Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Pontianak Nomor 52/Pdt.G/2003/PN.Ptk, yang menerima fotokopi surat yang tidak dapat dicocokkan dengan aslinya karena dikuatkan dengan alat bukti keterangan saksi. Dengan demikian, fotokopi surat memiliki kekuatan pembuktian yang bebas, artinya diserahkan kepada penilaian hakim. Penggunaan dan penilaian kekuatan pembuktian fotokopi tersebut tidak dapat berdiri sendiri, tetapi harus dikaitkan dengan alat bukti lainnya yang sah.  

scholarly journals PENGAKUAN TERHADAP PIHAK NON-ADVOKAT DALAM PEMBERIAN BANTUAN HUKUM (Politik Hukum Bantuan Hukum Dalam Peraturan Perundang-Undangan Di Indonesia)

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 399
Author(s):  
Akmal Adicahya
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
Access To Justice ◽  
State Law ◽  
Legal Aid ◽  
Procedural Law ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right ◽  
Law Student

Access to justice is everyone rights that have to be fulfilled by the government. The regulation number 16 year 2011 of legal aid is an instrument held by the government to guarantee the right. The regulation allowed the participation of non-advocates to provide the legal aid. Through this policy, government emphasizes that:1) Indonesia is a state law which legal aid is an obliged instrument; 2) the prohibition of non-advocate to participate in legal aid is not relevant due to inadequate amount of advocate and citizen seek for justice (justiciabelen), and the advocate is not widely extended throughout Indonesia; 3) Non-Advocates, especially lecturer and law student are widely spread; 4) there are no procedural law which prohibits non-advocate to provide a legal aid. Those conditions are enough argument for government to strengthen the participation of non-advocates in providing legal aid. Especially for The Supreme Court to revise The Book II of Guidance for Implementing Court’s Job and Administration.Keywords: legal aid, non-advocate, justice

scholarly journals The Settlement of Boundary Disputes Through Testing of Legislation in Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 01003
Author(s):  
Suparto ◽  
Rahdiansyah
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
Supreme Court Decision ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Regional Autonomy ◽  
Boundary Disputes ◽  
Legal Principle ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Government ◽  
Settlement Of Disputes

Boundary dispute is a new phenomenon that occurred in the era of regional autonomy followed by the expansion of the region. One of them occurred between Kepulauan Riau and Jambi Provinces related to Berhala Island ownership. Settlement of disputes between these two provinces took quite a long time and also caused tensions between two provinces. Actually, the government through the Ministry of Home Affairs has issued a regulation to solve the boundary problem of this area namely the Minister of Home Affairs Regulation No.1 in 2006 and No. 76 in 2012 on Guidelines for Confirmation of the Boundaries, however, is still less effective because although it has been done in such a way the party who feels aggrieved still take another way that is by testing the legislation to the Supreme Court or Mahkamah Konstitusional (Constitutional Court). An example is the boundary dispute between Kepulauan Riau and Jambi Province which was resolved through the examination of legislation to the Supreme Court and the Constitutional Court. In the case, there were 3 decisions, namely Supreme Court Decision No.49P/HUM/2011, Decision of the Constitutional Court No. 32/PUU-X/2012 and the decision of the Constitutional Court No. 62/PUU-X/2012. Based on the research results obtained as follows 1). Implementation of the principle or legal principle of lex posterior derogat lex priori by the Supreme Court 2). The decision of the Supreme Court was taken into consideration in the decision of the Constitutional Court 3). The cause of the territorial boundary disputes between Kepulauan Riau Province and Jambi Province was the synchronization of 3 related laws namely Indonesian Law no. 31 in 2003, Law no. 25 in 2002 and Law no. 54 of 1999.

Response to Commentaries

2000 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 443-450
Author(s):  
J. Morgan Kousser
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Supreme Court ◽  
Voting Rights ◽  
The Body ◽  
Board Of Education ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
Voting Rights Act ◽  
Chronological Order ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
Long Time

The often kind and always interesting comments of Larry Griffin, David James, and Bradley Palmquist touch different aspects of Colorblind Injustice. Let me respond to them, in effect, in chronological order, according to which periods of history illuminate the comments the most. Palmquist points out that institutions like the Supreme Court may suddenly reverse their decisions, as the Court did in the !“switch in time that saved nine” after FDR had proposed to pack the body in 1937, or as it over-turned Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) in Brown v. Board of Education (1954). But as the Brown example suggests, it often takes a long time to overturn precedents, and that is the case with minority voting rights, as well. It was 25 years after Richard Nixon’s “southern strategy,” 24 years after Earl Warren ceased to be Chief Justice, and 23 years after Nixon proposed to water down the Voting Rights Act before the overwhelmingly Republican Supreme Court dared to seriously undermine African American and Latino political rights. Even then, they hesitated to attack the Voting Rights Act itself directly. Major institutions are tough in two senses: their policies often have large impacts, and the institutions, including those as tiny as the nine-member Supreme Court, are difficult to change.

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