The KAMAZ electric bus simulation model movement verification

Introduction (problem statement and relevance). Currently, one of the main and promising directions in the automotive industry is the development of the electric vehicle and charging infrastructure sector. The constant tightening of environmental requirements, the development of traction batteries (TAB) and automotive electronics are the main factors in the development of wheeled electric vehicles. The operation of electric buses on urban routes in modern cities is one of the promising developments of electric buses use. But the problem is, the TAB capacity, its resource and cost are still limited, therefore a key task in the development of an electric vehicles the choice of the most effective control algorithms and components of the traction electric drive (TED). The solution to this problem requires working out a simulation model, the accuracy and complexity of which must satisfy the chosen goal.The purpose of the study was to develop and verify a KAMAZ 6282 electric bus simulation model basing on experimental data.Methodology and research methods. The article presents an experimental and calculated data analysis of the main electric bus movement modes when driving in a city: acceleration, coasting, braking, upward movement.Scientific novelty and results. Basing on comparing the experimental and calculated data results, it has been determined that the presented simulation model of the electric bus was sufficient and adequate to determine the main performance indicators of the TED.Practical significance. The presented simulation model made it possible to analyze the performance indicators, on the basis of which the selection of the optimal TED components could be carried out. The simplicity of the simulation model allowed it to be used as part of optimal control algorithms and evaluate the electric bus movement along a city route.

Impact of Nanotechnology on Environment – A Review

The world is facing significant environmental challenges like improving the standard of air, soil, and water. Currently, industry is that specialize in detecting pollutants (from chemical spills, fertilizer and pesticide run-off), improving industrial and mining sites, treating contaminants and stopping further pollution. A potential solution to those problems is to use nanomaterials. Nanomaterials are often wont to assist with cleaning the environment and even provide efficient energy solutions, like nanomaterial based solar cells additionally to the present, nanomaterials help to enhance the standard and performance of the many consumer products. As results of this, the exposure to made nanomaterials is increasing day-by-day. However, there are both positive and negative impacts on the environment thanks to nanotechnology.Recent advances in nanotechnology have shown numerous societal benefits through the event or improvement of smart materials. Several engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) are produced during the last years which will be found in related sectors like health, food, home, automotive, electronics, and computers (Hansen et al., 2016). The estimated output of ENMs produced was up to 270,000 metric tons/year and during this case considering only SiO2, TiO2, FeOx, AlOx, ZnO, and CeO2 nanoparticles.

Innovative Development of Egg Carving Cultural and Creative Products Using 3D Printing Technology Based on Internet of Things

’3D printing technology is becoming increasingly popular in the automotive, electronics, and healthcare industries, to name a few, and the IoT can play an important role in ensuring quality control by connecting big data analytics to 3D printing through the strategic use of embedded sensors. The purpose is to integrate 3D printing technology with intangible cultural heritage-related cultural and creative products in the new era background, so as to achieve the double effects of economic benefits and cultural heritage. The connotation, characteristics, and types of egg carving handicraft are taken as the theoretical basis, and the innovation and development of egg carving cultural and creative products in Linxia city, Gansu Province, are taken as an example. Then, the innovation of egg carving handicraft technology is put forward, including the innovation of technique and expression form. On this basis, 3D printing technology is used, the hollow egg carving model which combines the characteristics of Gansu Linxia egg carving is designed, and 3D solid printing is carried out. The results show that the surface of the eggshell is not too bright and the effect is very subtle. The dark color of the eggshell can well set off the white font and white picture, and the calligraphy and knife method can be integrated and unified. The 3D modeling image of egg carving reveals that the selection of color and material can set off a better viewing effect. Moreover, the 3D printed hollow egg carving works have complete appearance and high artistic design, which has strong artistic effect and is in line with the special color of Gansu Linxia egg carving. Therefore, the strategy of innovative development of egg carving cultural and creative products based on 3D printing technology has a promoting effect on the inheritance and development of intangible cultural heritage of Linxia egg carving in Gansu Province.

Evaluation and Testing Platform for Automotive LiDAR Sensors

The world is facing a great technological transformation towards full autonomous vehicles, where optimists predict that by 2030, autonomous vehicles will be sufficiently reliable, affordable and common to displace most human driving. To cope with these trends, reliable perception systems must enable vehicles to hear and see all the surroundings, being light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensors a key instrument for recreating a 3D visualization of the world in real time. However, perception systems must rely in accurate measurements of the environment. Thus, sensors must be calibrated and benchmarked before being placed on the market or assembled in a car. This article presents an Evaluation and Testing Platform for Automotive LiDAR sensors with the main goal of testing not only commercially available sensors, but also sensor prototypes currently under development in Bosch Automotive Electronics division. The testing system can benchmark any LiDAR sensor under different conditions, recreating the expected driving environment to which such devices are normally subjected. To characterize and validate the sensor under test, the platform evaluates several parameters such as the field of view (FoV), angular resolution, sensor’s range, etc. This project results from a partnership between the University of Minho and Bosch Car Multimedia Portugal, S.A.

NEW GENERATION OF AUTOMOTIVE MECHANICAL AND ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS: TECHNOLOGICAL CHALLENGES FOR SUPPLIERS

The automotive sector is one of the most important economically, it not only generates direct employment, but also provides jobs to the entire associated industry. Today, component manufacturers and suppliers face disruptive changes. Electronics, which plays a fundamental role in innovation, new companies and technological giants, who claim their place in the sector; and the mentality of consumers, which opens towards other forms of mobility are some of the irruptions to which face. This article reviews the current literature and exposes the situation that the automotive sector is going through. Component suppliers that have not yet taken the step towards mechatronics or that lack high added value products will have to undergo an industrial regeneration, changing their design processes, if they want to remain competitive and continue in the sector. Keywords: Automotive, Electronics, Industrial Processes, Industrial Regeneration.

Reliability Evaluation of Cu-Al WB in High Temperature and High Current Applications

High reliability harsh environment applications necessitate a better understanding of the acceleration factors under operating stresses. Automotive electronics has transitioned to the use of copper wire for first level interconnects. A number of copper wire formulations have emerged including palladium coated copper and gold-flash palladium coated copper. The corrosion reliability of copper wire bonds in high temperature conditions is not yet fully understood. The EMC used to encapsulate chips and interconnects can vary widely in formulation, including pH, porosity, diffusion rate, composition of contaminants and contaminant concentration. To realistically represent the expected wirebond reliability, there is need for a predictive model that can account for environmental conditions, operating conditions, and exposure to EMCs. In this paper, different EMCs were studied in a high-temperature-current environment with temperature range of 60°C–100°C under current of 0.2A–1A. The diffusion kinetics based on the Nernst-Planck Equation for migration of the chlorine ions has been coupled with the Butler-Volmer equation for corrosion kinetics to create a Multiphysics model. Polarization curves have been measured for copper, aluminum and intermetallics under a number of pH values, and chlorine-ion concentrations. Tafel parameters have been extracted through measurements of the polarization curves.