The KAMAZ electric bus simulation model movement verification

Trudy NAMI ◽  
2022 ◽  
pp. 60-67
Author(s):  
I. K. Maslennikov ◽  
K. E. Karpukhin ◽  
A. V. Klimov ◽  
B. K. Ospanbekov
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Calculated Data ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Control Algorithms ◽  
Upward Movement ◽  
Automotive Electronics ◽  
Electric Bus

Introduction (problem statement and relevance). Currently, one of the main and promising directions in the automotive industry is the development of the electric vehicle and charging infrastructure sector. The constant tightening of environmental requirements, the development of traction batteries (TAB) and automotive electronics are the main factors in the development of wheeled electric vehicles. The operation of electric buses on urban routes in modern cities is one of the promising developments of electric buses use. But the problem is, the TAB capacity, its resource and cost are still limited, therefore a key task in the development of an electric vehicles the choice of the most effective control algorithms and components of the traction electric drive (TED). The solution to this problem requires working out a simulation model, the accuracy and complexity of which must satisfy the chosen goal.The purpose of the study was to develop and verify a KAMAZ 6282 electric bus simulation model basing on experimental data.Methodology and research methods. The article presents an experimental and calculated data analysis of the main electric bus movement modes when driving in a city: acceleration, coasting, braking, upward movement.Scientific novelty and results. Basing on comparing the experimental and calculated data results, it has been determined that the presented simulation model of the electric bus was sufficient and adequate to determine the main performance indicators of the TED.Practical significance. The presented simulation model made it possible to analyze the performance indicators, on the basis of which the selection of the optimal TED components could be carried out. The simplicity of the simulation model allowed it to be used as part of optimal control algorithms and evaluate the electric bus movement along a city route.

scholarly journals Geometric Design-based Dimensional Synthesis of a Novel Metamorphic Multi-fingered Hand with Maximal Workspace

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei An ◽  
Jun Wei ◽  
Xiaoyu Lu ◽  
Jian S. Dai ◽  
Yanzeng Li
Keyword(s):  
Geometric Design ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Control Algorithms ◽  
Discretization Method ◽  
Dimensional Synthesis ◽  
Symmetrical Structure ◽  
Design And Optimization ◽  
Total Length

AbstractCurrent research on robotic dexterous hands mainly focuses on designing new finger and palm structures, as well as developing smarter control algorithms. Although the dimensional synthesis of dexterous hands with traditional rigid palms has been carried out, research on the dimensional synthesis of dexterous hands with metamorphic palms remains insufficient. This study investigated the dimensional synthesis of a palm of a novel metamorphic multi-fingered hand, and explored the geometric design for maximizing the precision manipulation workspace. Different indexes were used to value the workspace of the metamorphic hand, and the best proportions between the five links of the palm to obtain the optimal workspace of the metamorphic hand were explored. Based on the fixed total length of the palm member, four nondimensional design parameters that determine the size of the palm were introduced; through the discretization method, the influence of the four design parameters on the workspace of the metamorphic hand with full-actuated fingers and under-actuated fingers was analyzed. Based on the analysis of the metamorphic multi-fingered hand, the symmetrical structure of the palm was designed, resulting in the largest workspace of the multi-fingered hand, and proved that the metamorphic palm has a massive upgrade for the workspace of underactuated fingers. This research contributed to the dimensional synthesis of metamorphic dexterous hands, with practical significance for the design and optimization of novel metamorphic hands.

scholarly journals PEDRERA. Positive Energy District Renovation Model for Large Scale Actions

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2833
Author(s):  
Paolo Civiero ◽  
Jordi Pascual ◽  
Joaquim Arcas Abella ◽  
Ander Bilbao Figuero ◽  
Jaume Salom
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Key Performance Indicators ◽  
Positive Energy ◽  
Design Phase ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Reliable Prediction ◽  
Sensitive Analysis ◽  
Web Platform

In this paper, we provide a view of the ongoing PEDRERA project, whose main scope is to design a district simulation model able to set and analyze a reliable prediction of potential business scenarios on large scale retrofitting actions, and to evaluate the overall co-benefits resulting from the renovation process of a cluster of buildings. According to this purpose and to a Positive Energy Districts (PEDs) approach, the model combines systemized data—at both building and district scale—from multiple sources and domains. A sensitive analysis of 200 scenarios provided a quick perception on how results will change once inputs are defined, and how attended results will answer to stakeholders’ requirements. In order to enable a clever input analysis and to appraise wide-ranging ranks of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) suited to each stakeholder and design phase targets, the model is currently under the implementation in the urbanZEB tool’s web platform.

scholarly journals Implementing Electromobility in Public Transport in Poland in 1990–2020. A Review of Experiences and Evaluation of the Current Development Directions

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 4009
Author(s):  
Marcin Połom ◽  
Paweł Wiśniewski
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Operational Capabilities ◽  
Electric Bus ◽  
Low Emission ◽  
National Programs ◽  
Regional Authorities

Public transport has undergone major changes in recent years. In particular, they relate to the issue of environmental impact. Due to the significant emission of pollutants from the economy, in particular from the transport segment, member states of the European Union have taken measures to limit its scope. Only low-emission and zero-emission vehicles are to be used in transport, and mainly those that are powered by electricity in public transport. The development of battery technologies has led to a revolution in the range and operational capabilities of electric buses in the last decade. They have become a seemingly easy alternative to traditional electric vehicles in public transport—trams and trolleybuses. This article presents the possibilities and limitations of the development of public transport in Poland based on electric buses. An attempt was made to review the literature and compare the possibility of the functioning of buses, trams and trolleybuses in the Polish socio-economic, environmental and technological conditions. The article was based on a literature query, an analysis of unpublished materials, and a qualitative analysis of national programs endorsing the idea of electromobility as well as an online survey on the perception of electric public transport. The main goal of the article was to identify and evaluate the possibilities of developing public transport in Poland with the use of electric buses. The main results of the work include the demonstration that the optics of the national and regional authorities in Poland are focused mainly on electric buses without a thorough analysis of the legitimacy of their operation, especially in small towns. The incentive in the form of subsidizing the purchase of an electric bus is sufficient for them, and the future effects of using electric buses are not investigated.

Simulation Model of Crowd Evacuation Navigation in a Multi-Obstacle Environment

2020 ◽  
pp. 036119812097126
Author(s):  
Zhongrui Ni ◽  
Zhen Liu ◽  
Tingting Liu ◽  
Yanjie Chai ◽  
Cuijuan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Simulation Experiment ◽  
Control Algorithms ◽  
Prototype System ◽  
Evacuation Simulation ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Crowd Management ◽  
Navigation Simulation ◽  
Local Navigation ◽  
Crowd Evacuation

The simulation of a crowd evacuating public buildings can be an important reference in planning the layout of buildings and formulating evacuation strategies. This paper proposes an agent-based crowd model; a crowd evacuation navigation simulation model is proposed for the multi-obstacle environment. We introduce the concept of navigation factor to describe the proximity of the navigation point to the exit. An algorithm for creating navigation points in multi-obstacle environment is proposed along with the global navigation and local navigation control algorithms of the crowd. We construct a crowd evacuation simulation prototype system with different simulation scenes using the scene editor. We conduct the crowd evacuation simulation experiment in the multi-obstacle scene, recording and analyzing the relevant experimental data. The simulation prototype system can be used to derive the evacuation time of the crowd and analyze the evacuation behavior of the crowd. It is expected to provide a visual deduction method for crowd management in an evacuation emergency.

Ефективність інноваційної діяльності харчової промисловості в системі цілей сталого розвитку країни

Ekonomika APK ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 319 (5) ◽  
pp. 46-56
Author(s):  
Olha Kovalenko ◽  
Liudmyla Yashchenko
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Calculated Data ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Methodical Approach

The purpose of the article is to improve approaches to assessing the effectiveness of innovative activities of the food industry and its individual subsectors to identify prospects for development and problems that can hinder the sustainable development of this area of production and the country as a whole. Research methods. The article uses the methods of theoretical generalizations and comparisons, which made it possible to comprehensively consider and generalize methodological approaches to assessing the effectiveness of innovation in industries. When systematizing the calculated data by the intensity of innovation costs, the methods of statistical classification and grouping were used. To achieve the goal of the study, the methodology for assessing the level of manufacturability of industries has been improved (the OECD methodology is taken as a basis), which made it possible to re-evaluate the effectiveness of innovative activities in sub-sectors of the food industry with an emphasis on the computerization of production. Research results. The article presents a methodical approach to assessing the effectiveness of innovation in the food industry. The study is based on the OECD methodology for assessing the manufacturability of industries, which is to calculate the weighted average cost intensity of R & D. The application of this approach to the food industry has confirmed the too low level of its innovative manufacturability. It was found that due to the lack of relevant statistics on R&D expenditures, it is difficult to assess the effectiveness of innovation in certain sectors of the food industry. It is proposed to solve this problem with the help of capital investment indicators, which are invested in the software of industries and are directly related to the level of computerization of technological processes. The obtained indicators of the intensity of software costs are ranked in descending order and divided into three groups according to the level of computerization, which characterizes the efficiency of innovation, as its level increases profits and profitability in industries. This will contribute to the goals of sustainable development of the country (including goals 2 and 9) and increase the competitiveness of the food industry. Scientific novelty. A methodological approach to assessing the effectiveness of innovative activities of sub-sectors of the food industry in Ukraine is proposed, which will contribute to the formation of a new look at the research methodology of this area of knowledge. Practical significance. Designed for professionals in the field of food industry economics, scientists, teachers, graduate students and students of higher educational institutions. The results of the study can be used by experts to assess the level of manufacturability of industries. Tabl.: 3. Refs.: 30.

Pressure Coordinated Control System of Regenerative Braking Based on Hardware of ABS for HEV

2011 ◽  
Vol 121-126 ◽  
pp. 3406-3410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Yang ◽  
Yang Yang ◽  
Da Tong Qin ◽  
Jin Li
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Simulation Model ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicles ◽  
Coordinated Control ◽  
Regenerative Braking ◽  
Design And Optimization ◽  
Braking System ◽  
Dynamic Performances ◽  
Simulation Results

A new kind of pressure coordinated control system suite of regenerative braking system for hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) is proposed in this paper on the basis of appropriate transformation on traditional hydraulic braking system with ABS. AMEsim modular simulation platform is used to build a simulation model of the system. Dynamic performances of the key components and system are simulated and analyzed. And the simulation results show the effectiveness and feasibility of the pressure coordinated control system, which lays the foundation of the design and optimization for the regenerative braking system.

scholarly journals Energy efficiency of different bus subsystems in Belgrade public transport

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 2233-2244
Author(s):  
Slobodan Misanovic ◽  
Zlatomir Zivanovic ◽  
Slaven Tica
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Simulation Model ◽  
Experimental Determination ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Drive System ◽  
Theoretical Simulation ◽  
Driving Cycles ◽  
Electric Bus

Research in this paper comprised experimental determination of energy efficiency of different bus subsystems (diesel bus, trolleybus and fully electric bus) on chosen public transport route in Belgrade. Experimental measuring of energy efficiency of each bus type has been done based on the analysis of parameters of vehicle driving cycles between stops. Results of this analysis were basis for development of theoretical simulation model of energy efficiency. The model was latter compared with the results of simulation done by "Solaris bus & Coach" company for the chosen electric bus route. Based on demonstrated simulation, characteristics of electric bus batteries were defined, the method and dynamic of their recharge was suggested, as well as choice for other aggregates for drive system and technical characteristics for the electric buses were suggested.

scholarly journals RESEARCH OF SDN NETWORK PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS USING MININET NETWORK EMULATOR

2021 ◽  
pp. 24-32
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Romanov ◽  
Ivan Saychenko ◽  
Anton Marinov ◽  
Serhii Skolets
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Simulation Modelling ◽  
Network Equipment ◽  
Network Emulator ◽  
Network Technologies ◽  
Routing Tables

Background. The implementation of the new modern services on existing networks requires replacement or modernization of the old equipment. This negatively affects the efficiency of providing users with new types of services and their cost. Therefore, the issues/tasks of implementing SDN technology in the construction of networks are in the center of attention of representatives of science-research organizations and telecom operators. SDN networks have the advantages of flexible scaling of the system without replacing existing server and network equipment, eliminating operator dependence on specific vendor solutions, and rapid implementation of the new network technologies and services. To determine the numerical values of indicators of the functioning of SDN networks and check their compliance with the requirements, it is proposed to use in working process simulation modelling. For these goals, the Open Networking Foundation consortium developed the Mininet network emulator, the elements of that are published publicly. The formation of the simulation model and the procedure for determining the performance indicators of the SDN network that uses Mininet has a number of features that are considered in the work. Objective. The purpose of the article is to build a simulation model based on the Mininet network emulator and to determine the performance indicators of SDN networks of various structures/topologies. Methods. Creation of a SDN network segment for testing process of its functioning in the overload mode of various communication routes. Results. The Mininet network emulator allows simulating SDN networks of a rather complex structure, change the performance of network branches and the amount of load in communication routes, to create a network-wide overload mode. During the simulation, it is possible to determine a number of indicators of network performance, such as the RTT (Round Trip Time) parameter for each route of communication, the bandwidth of branches and routes of communication, the amount of delay on network elements, loading of OpenFlow Switch ports/interfaces, network elements with the highest delay, the number of served and lost packets. Conclusions. Use of the Mininet network emulator is a fairly convenient tool for determining the performance indicators of SDN networks. However, there are also some problems. First of all, setting up the system's operability requires writing programs to ensure the interaction among standard elements from the Mininet library. Secondone, is when congestion occurs in the communication routes, the Floodlight Controller does not automatically balance traffic along the work-around route. This task has to be solved manually by making changes to the OpenFlow Switch routing tables. Keywords: Software Defined Networking; SDN; Mininet; OpenFlow; Floodlight Controller; OpenFlowSwitch; NFV; virtualization.

scholarly journals A holistic review on advanced bi-directional EV charging control algorithms

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-88
Author(s):  
Xiaoying Tang ◽  
Chenxi Sun ◽  
Suzhi Bi ◽  
Shuoyao Wang ◽  
Angela Yingjun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Electricity Market ◽  
Control Algorithms ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Scheduling Problems ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Open Problems ◽  
Holistic Review ◽  
Charging Control ◽  
Ev Charging

The rapid growth of electric vehicles (EVs) has promised a next-generation transportation system with reduced carbon emission. The fast development of EVs and charging facilities is driving the evolution of Internet of Vehicles (IoV) to Internet of Electric Vehicles (IoEV). IoEV benefits from both smart grid and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies which provide advanced bi-directional charging services and real-time data processing capability, respectively. The major design challenges of the IoEV charging control lie in the randomness of charging events and the mobility of EVs. In this article, we present a holistic review on advanced bi-directional EV charging control algorithms. For Grid-to-Vehicle (G2V), we introduce the charging control problem in two scenarios: 1) Operation of a single charging station and 2) Operation of multiple charging stations in coupled transportation and power networks. For Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G), we discuss how EVs can perform energy trading in the electricity market and provide ancillary services to the power grid. Besides, a case study is provided to illustrate the economic benefit of the joint optimization of routing and charging scheduling of multiple EVs in the IoEV. Last but not the least, we will highlight some open problems and future research directions of charging scheduling problems for IoEVs.

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