Experimental investigation of particle number reduction in turbocharged GDI engines

Introduction (problem statement and relevance). Now it is difficult to imagine the automotive industry without constant improvement of the power plant. This is due to the constant tightening of environmental standards, so in environmental standards Euro 6 there is a limit of the countable concentration of particulate matters. To meet the Euro 6 environmental standard, vehicle manufacturers use catalytic converters, and gasoline particle filters (GPF). These methods of reducing the emissions of the exhaust gas are quite common, but they also have a limitation on the service life. The use of only catalytic converters and GPF may not be sufficient to meet the Euro 7 standards in the future. So, there is a need to reduce emissions with exhaust gases by improving the combustion process.The purpose of work is to investigate the combustion process of a turbocharged gasoline direct injection engine to reduce particulate matter by increasing the injection pressure and optimizing the injection timing. Methodology and research methods. The studies are of an experimental nature, the reliability of the data is confirmed by the use of modern measuring equipment and post processing of the measured data. Scientific novelty and results. The fuel injection parameters, which have a significant influence on the particulate matter formation and oxidation are defined.Practical significance. The recommendations to reduce particulate matter formation and to meet the requirements of the future Euro standards are given.

Improving the energy efficiency of a 6ChN13/15 gas engine with a Miller cycle by optimizing the valve timing

Introduction (problem statement and relevance). The object of research in this work is an inline six-cylinder gas engine 6ChN13/15 with a Miller thermodynamic cycle. On the basis of its computer model studies minimization of the specific effective fuel consumption has been reached due to variation study of gas distribution and air supply systems parameters.The purpose of the study was to investigate the parameters regulation effect of gas distribution and air supply systems on the performance of a 6ChN13/15 gas engine with a Miller cycle on the external speed characteristic basing on numerical modeling.Methodology and research methods. The research was carried out by the method of computer simulation. Numerical modeling was made on the basis of data obtained during a full-scale experiment of a 6ChN13/15 gas engine with Miller thermodynamic cycle.Scientific novelty and results. A comparative analysis of a gas engine optimization results has been carried out. The results obtained will be used to create a gas engine and its further optimization by controlling the working process and the air supply system.Practical significance. The results obtained may be of interest to truck car manufacturers and engine specialists.

The study of a tractor diesel engine operation on ethanol and rapeseed oil at various speed modes

Introduction (problem statement and relevance). The depletion of oil fuels reserves and the steady growth of their consumption will require new solutions in the development of technologies based on renewable energy sources. The study of the possible alternative fuels use in internal combustion engines is a complex scientific task, including the research of the alternative fuels effect on the power plants operation efficiency.The purpose of the study was to obtain the speed characteristics of a diesel engine operating on ethyl alcohol and rapeseed oil.Methodology and research methods. An air-cooled with volumetric mixture formation tractor diesel engine of dimension 2Ch 10.5/12.0 was selected as an object of research. The study was carried out by a comparative method. To measure the speed characteristic a fixed cyclic fuel supply was applied after the engine reaching the nominal operating mode at a crankshaft speed of 1800 min-1 and an average effective pressure in the cylinder of 0.588 MPa. This approach, with the all-mode regulator of the fuel pump turned off, made it possible to identify the main regularities of intra-cylinder processes at different speed modes of engine operation.Scientific novelty and results. The article presents the bench tests results of a diesel engine operating at various speed modes on ethanol and rapeseed oil, and analyzes in detail the main indicators of the combustion process and the effective engine performance in comparison to the use of traditional fuel. The practical significance lies in the possibility of using the obtained results to improve the diesel engines operation on alternative renewable fuels.

Thermodynamic analysis of working process effective indicators of a diesel engine with an open and closed crankcase ventilation system

Introduction (problem statement and relevance). This article provides up-to-date information analysis of the crankcase gases bypass effect from the crankcase ventilation system to the compression ignition engine intake. The paper considers the information on the variants of the crankcase ventilation systems of modern engines. The article reveals the necessity to analyze the engine working process at the design and development stage of a closed crankcase ventilation system. The legislative requirements for the implementation of the ventilation system to ensure safe environmental performance have been indicated. The purpose of the study was to assess both open and closed ventilation system effect on the crankcase space indicators, in particular, on the average specific fuel consumption, with reference to a high-performance automobile engine with compression ignition.Methodology and research methods. Theoretical and computational studies were carried out with the help of mathematical statistics and thermodynamics methods in a one-dimensional setting. The verification of the calculations reliability was carried out by comparing the simulation data and the results the internal combustion engine experimental studies.Scientific novelty and results. A thermodynamic model of a high-performance automobile engine compression ignition V8 CHN 12/13 with an open and closed ventilation system of the crankcase space has been developed. The model made it possible to evaluate the effect of crankcase gases bypass back to the engine cylinder intake.Practical significance. The developed thermodynamic models confirmed the insignificant effect on the working process of the V8 CHN 12/13 engine by bypassing crankcase gases back to the cylinder inlet.

The KAMAZ electric bus simulation model movement verification

Introduction (problem statement and relevance). Currently, one of the main and promising directions in the automotive industry is the development of the electric vehicle and charging infrastructure sector. The constant tightening of environmental requirements, the development of traction batteries (TAB) and automotive electronics are the main factors in the development of wheeled electric vehicles. The operation of electric buses on urban routes in modern cities is one of the promising developments of electric buses use. But the problem is, the TAB capacity, its resource and cost are still limited, therefore a key task in the development of an electric vehicles the choice of the most effective control algorithms and components of the traction electric drive (TED). The solution to this problem requires working out a simulation model, the accuracy and complexity of which must satisfy the chosen goal.The purpose of the study was to develop and verify a KAMAZ 6282 electric bus simulation model basing on experimental data.Methodology and research methods. The article presents an experimental and calculated data analysis of the main electric bus movement modes when driving in a city: acceleration, coasting, braking, upward movement.Scientific novelty and results. Basing on comparing the experimental and calculated data results, it has been determined that the presented simulation model of the electric bus was sufficient and adequate to determine the main performance indicators of the TED.Practical significance. The presented simulation model made it possible to analyze the performance indicators, on the basis of which the selection of the optimal TED components could be carried out. The simplicity of the simulation model allowed it to be used as part of optimal control algorithms and evaluate the electric bus movement along a city route.

Automation of an automobile internal combustion engine bench calibration tests

Introduction (problem statement and relevance). The article presents the work on the automation of an internal combustion engine (ICE) calibration tests results on a motor stand. The relevance of the article is due to the high labor intensity of such tests, the complexity of documentation and decisionmaking based on the results of the work.Purpose of the study. This work is part of a comprehensive methodology, the purpose of which is to reduce the duration of tests and improve the calibration results quality of the vehicle’s power plant. The entire methodology description as a whole is also given in the publication.Methodology and research methods. The achievement of this goal is ensured with the help of special systems – INCA-FLOW (test automation) and ASCMO (processing results and optimization), produced by Bosch/ETAS. The approbation of the technique was carried out on a motor stand in the MADI training box in relation to the problem of forming an ignition timing map.Scientific novelty and results. As a result of the methodology application, a 4.8 times reduction in the motor tests duration takes place if 2 people work in manual mode at the test bench without interruption.At the same time, the variance of the adequacy of Sad of the torque empirical model Mk turned out to be, on average, 1.5 times less if the model was built according to the automated tests results. The obtained data indicated an improvement in the quality of measurements in the transition to automated test methods.From a scientific point of view, the most original part of the work is the application of the “Gaussian process” method to build empirical models. This method provides more accurate results than, for example, the traditional method of least squares.The practical significance of the work lies in the ability to considerably reduce routine actions on a motor stand, and the additional time spent on developing and testing a test scenario (program) is compensated for by the fact that scenario models can be used in the future for other similar tests. The proposed methodology makes it possible to cover a significant part of the internal combustion engine calibration tests. For example, you can apply it if you possess the preliminary information about the test object (basing on which you can draw up an experiment plan) and the engine is to be prepared either for a car road tests or tests under special conditions.

IASF-2021 results

On October 19–20, 2021, the annual International Automotive Scientific Forum IASF-2021 “Ground innovative vehicles with a low carbon footprint” was held. The format of the event assumed full-time and remote participation. The problems of design, creation and operation of environmentally friendly vehicles were discussed at the forum. A specialized exhibition was held during the entire period of the Forum’s work in the building of the Design Center. This year, the developments of FSUE “NAMI” have been presented by vehicles hybrid and electric drive, as well as their component base. In addition, the presented AURUS cars included a hydrogen one. GAZ and KAMAZ demonstrated their developments of vehicles with zero emissions. Moscow universities presented unmanned vehicles developed by the students. A competition of students, postgraduates and young scientists’ research works was held.

The control optimization algorithm for automatic braking of a wheeled vehicle

Introduction (problem statement and relevance). One of the most promising and intensively developing directions in the automation field of road transport management is the creation of highly automated vehicles.The purpose of the study was to find a way to solve a wheeled vehicle safe automatic braking problem in terms of minimizing quality control of the quadratic functional and work out optimal software and hardware implementation of this system.Methodology and research methods. To solve the problem, the method of the control algorithm analytical design was used, basing on the use of the necessary conditions for minimizing the elements of the functional for the control law synthesis. The maximum deceleration value was due to the identified tire grip, and the deceleration threshold from which braking begins was selected as the minimum of the working deceleration and two decelerations depending on the rear obstacle distance.Scientific novelty and results. The tests of the developed function were carried out for the LADA Vesta vehicle equipped with an ABS valve body with the possibility of programmed control. The analysis of the research results showed that when solving the problem of safe automatic braking in front of an obstacle, the software limitation of braking deceleration did not allow wheel blocking and performed the functions of an anti-lock braking system at the permissible wheel slipping level; software backup of the distance calculation to the front obstacle from the moment of braking start allowed to prevent most of the situations with false data from the radar when the vehicle pecked during braking.Practical significance. Software tuning of mathematical models parameters of the engine, transmission and braking system allows you to adapt the automatic braking system to a wide class of vehicle models.

Effective indicators of a hydrogen engine operating on a lean mixture and equipped with a modified fuel supply system

Introduction (problem statement and relevance). Limited oil reserves and tightening environmental standards are forcing engine manufacturers to switch to alternative fuels in the near future, among which hydrogen is the most promising. The advantages of hydrogen are high specific heat of combustion and high combustion rate. Wide concentration limits of hydrogen combustion make it possible to use high-quality power control, thereby providing an increase in the efficiency of a hydrogen engine when compared to the basic internal combustion engine.The purpose of the study was to ensure the operation of a serial gasoline engine running on hydrogen with a new experimental fuel supply system, as well as the modification of the intake manifold design without abnormal phenomena during combustion when operating on a lean mixture, and to obtain efficient and ecological characteristics of a hydrogen engine under bench test conditions, as a result.Methodology and research methods. The work is experimental, the reliability of the results obtained is confirmed by the use of modern means for measuring and processing experimental data. The obtained results of measuring nitrogen oxides are adequate to the known Zel'dovich thermal mechanism. The value of the results lies in the fact that they show the feasibility of transferring serial internal combustion engines to hydrogen; in addition, these results are used to develop and verify mathematical 3D models of the hydrogen engine working process.Scientific novelty and results. A new system providing the necessary characteristics (pressure, duration and cycle dose) for supplying hydrogen to the intake system with two injectors for each cylinder was designed, installed and tested on the prototype engine.Practical significance. The expediency of the working cycle creation and efficiency of a hydrogen engine with an experimental lean-burn fuel supply system was confirmed, which made it possible to provide high-quality power control with external mixture formation and forced ignition.

Application of decision logic trees and game-tree structures in analysis of automatic transmission gearboxes

Introduction (problem statement and relevance). The graphs, logic and game-tree structures methods have been used in mechanics. The purpose of modeling an automatic gearbox with graphs can be versatile, namely: determining the transmission ratio of individual gears, analyzing the speed and acceleration of individual rotating elements.The purpose of the study. The article presents the application of decision trees in the analysis of automatic gearboxes modeled with the Hsu graph.Methodology and research methods. The paper presents a method of generating game tree structures that allow to change the values of decision parameters in the issues of decision making and knowledge generation. Specifying the rank of importance, in which order you should change individual items to active, allows you to detect the so-called redundant or temporarily redundant components for a given gear currently under consideration.Scientific novelty and results. At each stage of optimization, a tree is generated, selecting the optimal decisions. Then, vertices can be added to the tree that represent the optimal responses of the system to changes in arithmetic construction parameters.Practical significance. The most important in this regard will be the selection of the optimal programming environment with the possibility of installing the program in laboratory