Drivers of Agricultural Entrepreneurship in Factor-Driven Economies

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-31
Author(s):  
Mohd Saeem Khan ◽  
Mohd Yasir Arafat ◽  
Mohd Asif Khan ◽  
Hashem Abdullah Al Nemer
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Gender Biases ◽  
Business Creation ◽  
Agricultural Entrepreneurship ◽  
The Impact

This piece of research aims to explain the drivers of early-stage entrepreneurship in factor-driven economies and how these are affected by several cognitive factors. This study covers literature on several driving factors of entrepreneurial activity, trying to formulate a framework of determinants of early-stage agricultural entrepreneurial activity. For this purpose, the adult population survey (APS) data of factor-driven economies published by GEM has been used. The selected respondents (848) include those individuals who, alone or with other individuals, presently involved in venture creation, including any self-employment in the agricultural sector. The impact of cognitive and social capital factors on early-stage entrepreneurial activity is measured using logistic regression. The findings suggest that its opportunity perception and self-efficacy, which are the major motivators of early-stage entrepreneurship in developing nations. Also, there are gender biases and age-related negativity with respect to new agri-business creation in developing countries.

scholarly journals Impact of unemployment and income on entrepreneurship in post-apartheid South Africa: 1994–2015

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Darma Mahadea ◽  
Irrshad Kaseeram
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Employment Growth ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
National Development ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Per Capita Gdp ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

Background: South Africa has made significant progress since the dawn of democracy in 1994. It registered positive economic growth rates and its real gross domestic product (GDP) per capita increased from R42 849 in 1994 to over R56 000 in 2015. However, employment growth lagged behind GDP growth, resulting in rising unemployment. Aim and setting: Entrepreneurship brings together labour and capital in generating income, output and employment. According to South Africa’s National Development Plan, employment growth would come mainly from small-firm entrepreneurship and economic growth. Accordingly, this article investigates the impact unemployment and per capita income have on early stage total entrepreneurship activity (TEA) in South Africa, using data covering the 1994–2015 period. Methods: The methodology used is the dynamic least squares regression. The article tests the assertion that economic growth, proxied by real per capita GDP income, promotes entrepreneurship and that high unemployment forces necessity entrepreneurship. Results: The regression results indicate that per capita real GDP, which increases with economic growth, has a highly significant, positive impact on entrepreneurial activity, while unemployment has a weaker effect. A 1% rise in real per capita GDP results in a 0.16% rise in TEA entrepreneurship, and a 1% rise in unemployment is associated with a 0.25% rise in TEA. Conclusion: There seems to be a strong pull factor, from income growth to entrepreneurship and a reasonable push from unemployment to entrepreneurship, as individuals without employment are forced to self-employment as a necessity, survival mechanism. Overall, a long-run co-integrating relationship seems plausible between unemployment, income and entrepreneurship in South Africa.

scholarly journals Public support for agricultural sector of Kazakhstan

2021 ◽  
pp. 44-49
Author(s):  
R. Tazhibayeva ◽  
◽  
◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Radical Innovations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
Effective Development ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
Agricultural Entrepreneurship

The study reflects the importance of small and medium-sized businesses in creating new jobs, introducing and commercializing radical innovations. It is noted that with effective public support, this category of entrepreneurs is able to achieve significant results both in the short and long term, and will provide access to new markets. The article shows the created favorable conditions for the development of agricultural entrepreneurship, testifying high positions of Kazakhstan, the important role of six public support programs, contributing to significant improvement of situation of business entities, contribution of domestic small and medium-sized enterprises to GDP. The low employment in this area is emphasizes, differences by industry, taking into account that some features of institutional and regulatory framework create disproportionate conditions for SMEs. Trade and investment barriers prevent it from fully entering domestic and global trading platforms. In OECD countries, small and medium-sized businesses make up the majority of business sector. The authors testify that in the future new approaches to the effective development of entrepreneurial activity will be developed; benchmark for expanding the scope of small and medium-sized entrepreneurs is provided in the Strategic Plan of Kazakhstan until 2025. In modern conditions, the mechanism for ensuring their effective functioning should be based on strengthening of government support, providing lending funds, and a wide range of other financial products to ensure a favorable macroeconomic situation in the State.

scholarly journals The Impact of the 2008-2009 Global Crisis on Entrepreneurial Aspirations and Attitudes

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-126
Author(s):  
Halil Dincer Kaya
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
New Product ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intention ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fear Of Failure ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
High Status ◽  
Global Crisis ◽  
Entrepreneurial Attitudes ◽  
The Impact

AbstractWe examine the impact of the Global Crisis on entrepreneurial aspirations and entrepreneurial attitudes. We focus on three aspiration variables (Growth Expectation early-stage Entrepreneurial Activity, New Product early-stage Entrepreneurial Activity, and International Orientation early-stage Entrepreneurial Activity), and eight attitude variables (Entrepreneurial Intention, Entrepreneurship as Desirable Career Choice, Fear of Failure Rate, High Status Successful Entrepreneurship, Know Startup Entrepreneur Rate, Media Attention for Entrepreneurship, Perceived Capabilities, and Perceived Opportunities). Our results show that, two of the attitude variables have changed significantly three years after the crisis. Entrepreneurial Intention is significantly higher in 2011 (i.e. three years after the crisis started) when compared to 2008, and Know Startup Entrepreneur Rate is significantly lower in 2011 when compared to 2008. On the other hand, we find no significant change in any of the aspiration variables.

scholarly journals Examining the Industrial Energy Consumption Determinants: A Panel Bayesian Model Averaging Approach

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Djula Borozan ◽  
Luka Borozan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Industrial Energy ◽  
Framework Conditions ◽  
Industrial Energy Consumption ◽  
The Impact

The paper explores the impact of early stage and established entrepreneurs on industrial energy consumption across European countries for the period 2001–2017. It proposes that industrial energy consumption is a complex multifaceted result of value-added activities conducted by different types of entrepreneurs and the quality of macroeconomic and entrepreneurial framework conditions, which support or hinder entrepreneurial activity and consequently energy use. After selecting the most appropriate model using a panel Bayesian averaging model approach, a fixed effects panel regression analysis was conducted to investigate more deeply the impact of different types of entrepreneurs on industrial energy consumption. The results show that early stage and established entrepreneurs exhibit different behavioral patterns with respect to energy use. The former follows, although statistically insignificantly, a U-shaped energy use curve. By contrast, the latter follows statistically significantly an inverted U-shaped curve. Additionally, the results confirm the important role of the governments and other policy authorities in creating favorable framework conditions, which can support the changes in behavioral energy practices and the development of new or established businesses aiming for sustainability.

scholarly journals Impact of afterload and infiltration on coexisting aortic stenosis and transthyretin amyloidosis

Heart ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. heartjnl-2021-319922 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kush P Patel ◽  
Paul Richard Scully ◽  
Christian Nitsche ◽  
Andreas A Kammerlander ◽  
George Joy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Stenosis ◽  
Structure Function ◽  
Troponin T ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Severe Aortic Stenosis ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Transthyretin Amyloidosis ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Myocardial Structure ◽  
The Impact

ObjectiveThe coexistence of wild-type transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis (ATTR) is common in patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). However, the impact of ATTR and AS on the resultant AS-ATTR is unclear and poses diagnostic and management challenges. We therefore used a multicohort approach to evaluate myocardial structure, function, stress and damage by assessing age-related, afterload-related and amyloid-related remodelling on the resultant AS-ATTR phenotype.MethodsWe compared four samples (n=583): 359 patients with AS, 107 with ATTR (97% Perugini grade 2), 36 with AS-ATTR (92% Perugini grade 2) and 81 age-matched and ethnicity-matched controls. 99mTc-3,3-diphosphono-1,2-propanodicarboxylic acid (DPD) scintigraphy was used to diagnose amyloidosis (Perugini grade 1 was excluded). The primary end-point was NT-pro Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) and secondary end-points related to myocardial structure, function and damage.ResultsCompared with older age controls, the three disease cohorts had greater cardiac remodelling, worse function and elevated NT-proBNP/high-sensitivity Troponin-T (hsTnT). NT-proBNP was higher in AS-ATTR (2844 (1745, 4635) ng/dL) compared with AS (1294 (1077, 1554)ng/dL; p=0.002) and not significantly different to ATTR (3272 (2552, 4197) ng/dL; p=0.63). Diastology, hsTnT and prevalence of carpal tunnel syndrome were statistically similar between AS-ATTR and ATTR and higher than AS. The left ventricular mass indexed in AS-ATTR was lower than ATTR (139 (112, 167) in AS-ATTR was lower than ATTR (139 (112, 167) in AS-ATTR was lower than ATTR (139 (112, 167) vs 180 (167, 194) g; p=0.013) and non-significantly different to AS (120 (109, 130) g; p=0.179).ConclusionsThe AS-ATTR phenotype likely reflects an early stage of amyloid infiltration, but the combined insult resembles ATTR. Even after treatment of AS, ATTR-specific therapy is therefore likely to be beneficial.

scholarly journals An online investigation into the impact of adding epidemiological information to imaging reports for low back pain

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 629-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasmin Medalian ◽  
G. Lorimer Moseley ◽  
Emma L. Karran
Keyword(s):  
Patient Outcomes ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Virtual Patient ◽  
Spinal Imaging ◽  
Age Related ◽  
General Adult Population ◽  
Patient Scenario ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Epidemiological Information

Abstract Degenerative changes commonly feature on spinal images and are often identified in the imaging reports of pain-free individuals. Many of these findings relate to “normal” age-related characteristics, however are frequently interpreted as implying abnormality and may adversely influence patient outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of adding epidemiological information to lumbar imaging reports in a general adult population. This study was an online, scenario-based, randomised experiment. Participants were presented with a “virtual patient” scenario via an online survey and then randomly allocated to either receive a standard imaging report or a standard report with additional epidemiological information. The primary outcome was a composite “back-related perceptions” (BRP) score. Data from 247 participants (72% female) were included in the analysis. There was a small effect of group on BRP [F(12,444) = 6.75, p = 0.010] with participants who received the additional epidemiological information demonstrating more positive perceptions. Including epidemiological information in spinal imaging reports positively impacted “virtual-patient” perceptions in an online scenario-based study. This finding suggests that implementing a simple imaging reporting strategy may be reassuring and should be further considered for its potential to positively impact patient outcomes. Further research is warranted in clinical populations.

scholarly journals Impact of Entrepreneurial Education Programs on Total Entrepreneurial Activity: The Case of Spain

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brizeida Raquel Hernández-Sánchez ◽  
José Carlos Sánchez-García ◽  
Alexander Ward Mayens
Keyword(s):  
Role Models ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Entrepreneurial Education ◽  
Education Programs ◽  
Autonomous Communities ◽  
Need To Evaluate ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Objective Indicators

There is a need to evaluate entrepreneurial education programs (EEPs) to see the impact they have on a country’s development. Previous work has focused mostly on entrepreneurial intentions, mainly in a university context. Additionally, literature reviews on the impact of entrepreneurial education have not yet been conclusive, mainly due to the use of subjective indicators and a low consideration of objective indicators. The purpose of this article is to respond to some of these challenges. Specifically, this study used an objective indicator, Total Early-Stage Entrepreneurial Activity (TEA), in a non-university context. A database was created that included programs categorized by autonomous communities. The analysis showed that EEPs significantly influenced the entrepreneurial activity of autonomous communities. This implies that entrepreneurial education should be a prioritized objective in the educational policy of these communities. The recommendations derived from these results are, among others, to promote role models, continue supporting the financing of entrepreneurial initiatives through education and training, continue implementing government policies to support entrepreneurship, and carry out evaluations on the impact that these programs have on skills acquired in the short and medium terms, as well as their maintenance over time.

Changes in p16INK4a (p16) expression, a biomarker of aging, in peripheral blood T-cells (PBTC) in patients receiving anthracycline (A) vs non-anthracycline (NoA) chemotherapy (CRx) for early-stage breast cancer (EBC).

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 10060-10060 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shlomit Strulov Shachar ◽  
Allison Mary Deal ◽  
Natalia Mitin ◽  
Kirsten A Nyrop ◽  
Jordan T Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Body Burden ◽  
Cell Transplant ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
Human Lifespan ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Her 2 ◽  
The Impact

10060 Background: Age-related accumulation of senescent cells plays a causal role in some aspects of mammalian aging. We have shown that the total-body burden of senescent cells can be estimated by measuring the expression of the p16 tumor suppressor, a canonical effector of senescence, in human CD3+ PBTC (Liu et al, Aging Cell, 2009). Expression of p16 increases more than 10-fold over an adult human lifespan, and this rate of accumulation is accelerated by age-promoting exposures such as CRx or stem cell transplant (Sanoff et al, JNCI 2014; Wood et al, EbioMed 2016). Increased molecular age as evidenced by increased expression of p16 prior to CRx predicts a patient’s risk of CRx toxicity independently of chronological age (DeMaria et al, Cancer Discovery, 2017).This study investigates the impact of different types of CRx (A vs NoA) regimens on PBTC p16expression in pts with EBC. Methods: EBC pts who received neoAdj or Adj CRx had blood samples drawn for p16 assay prior to CRx initiation and again between 2 months and 1.5 years after the end of CRx. Expression of p16 mRNA in PBTC was determined using TaqMan real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR. T-test compared p16change between A and NA groups. Results: 70 pts were evaluable. Pt. characteristics: median age 49 (range 32-76); 52 (74%) White, 14 (20%) black, 4 unknown; 39 (56%) ER or PR+ and HER2 neg, 18 (26%) triple negative, 13 (19%) HER-2 pos (all received trastuzumab). 53 pts (76%) had A (47 AC + taxane, 6 AC no taxane) and 17 (24%) NoA (all TC). Expression of p16 increased 2.0-fold in patients who received A-based CRx compared to 1.2-fold in NoA CRx (p = 0.04). There was no relationship of race, ER, PR or HER-2 status on change in p16expression. Conclusions: This study is ongoing and further results will be presented at the ASCO meeting. In this sample of EBC patients treated with A vs. NoA CRx regimens, A-based CRx is more strongly associated with increased biologic aging of T-cells compared to NoA CRx. These changes are equivalent of increased biologic aging of PBTC of 11 years (A) vs.6 years (NoA) and may have major consequences on the long-term survival of these pts.

scholarly journals Exploring the Effects of Types of Early-Stage Entrepreneurial Activity on Subjective Well-Being

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mojca Svetek ◽  
Mateja Drnovsek
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
National Level ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
The Impact

AbstractEntrepreneurial activity has been seen as the single most important activity of individuals due to its role in the economic development of nations. However, little is known about the impact of entrepreneurial activity on the subjective well-being of nations beyond its economic impact. The purpose of this study is to explore the impact of different types of entrepreneurial activity – total entrepreneurial activity, opportunity-driven entrepreneurial activity and innovative entrepreneurial activity – on subjective well-being across nations. We consider three distinct mechanisms by which entrepreneurship may influence subjective well-being at the national level. Our panel data includes representative country-level data from 2008 to 2015 from five different data sources for 31 European countries. We employ four econometric models for analyzing the panel data: pooled OLS regression (POLS), fixed effects model (FE), random effects model (RE), and simultaneous equations model (3SLS). Our results suggest that opportunity-driven entrepreneurial activity has a positive impact on subjective well-being. In addition, we find that subjective well-being affects the level of opportunity-driven and innovative entrepreneurial activity. These findings have implications for policy-makers seeking to promote not only economic development but also subjective well-being in the nation.

scholarly journals Factors influencing senior entrepreneurship in Chile. A GEM perspective

2020 ◽  
pp. 283-312
Author(s):  
Marcelo Leporati ◽  
Sergio Daniel Roses ◽  
Alfonso Jesús Torres-Marín
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Key Variables ◽  
Occupation Level ◽  
Latin American Countries ◽  
Senior Entrepreneurship

Objective: The aim of this research is to identify which are the internal factors that lead senior (+55 years) to entrepreneurship in Chile and its comparison with a selected group of Latin American countries. Methodology: To achieve the previous goal, the analysis is based on the Adult Population Survey of the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) of 2016 and uses a logistic regression model applying different variables on the TEA (Total early-stage Entrepreneurial Activity). Results: The research shows that occupation, level of education, age, knowledge of other entrepreneurs and the entrepreneur’s confidence in their own skills are key variables. Limitations: These study does not consider the external perspective, which reflects how the environment influences entrepreneurial intentions. Practical implications: Based on these results, governments can better understand what factors they should consider when configuring policies to support entrepreneurial activity in this demographic sector. Furthermore, this work contributes to the development of knowledge about senior entrepreneurship in the country and to the identification of best practices to be used in other countries.

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