Modelling of the Ability of a Mixed Renewable Generation Electricity System with Storage to Meet Consumer Demand

In this paper, we explore how effectively renewable generation can be used to meet a country’s electricity demands. We consider a range of different generation mixes and capacities, as well as the use of energy storage. First, we introduce a new open-source model that uses hourly wind speed and solar irradiance data to estimate the output of a renewable electricity generator at a specific location. Then, we construct a case study of the Great Britain (GB) electricity system as an example using historic hourly demand and weather data. Three specific sources of renewable generation are considered: offshore wind, onshore wind, and solar PV. Li-ion batteries are considered as the form of electricity storage. We demonstrate that the ability of a renewables-based electricity system to meet expected demand profiles can be increased by optimising the ratio of onshore wind, offshore wind and solar PV. Additionally, we show how including Li-ion battery storage can reduce overall generation needs, therefore lowering system costs. For the GB system, we explore how the residual load that would need to be met with other forms of flexibility, such as dispatchable generation sources or demand-side response, varies for different ratios of renewable generation and storage.

Quantifying Karenia brevis bloom severity and respiratory irritation impact along the shoreline of Southwest Florida

Nearly all annual blooms of the toxic dinoflagellate Karenia brevis (K. brevis) pose a serious threat to coastal Southwest Florida. These blooms discolor water, kill fish and marine mammals, contaminate shellfish, cause mild to severe respiratory irritation, and discourage tourism and recreational activities, leading to significant health and economic impacts in affected communities. Despite these issues, we still lack standard measures suitable for assessing bloom severity or for evaluating the efficacy of modeling efforts simulating bloom initiation and intensity. In this study, historical cell count observations along the southwest Florida shoreline from 1953 to 2019 were used to develop monthly and annual bloom severity indices (BSI). Similarly, respiratory irritation observations routinely reported in Sarasota and Manatee Counties from 2006 to 2019 were used to construct a respiratory irritation index (RI). Both BSI and RI consider spatial extent and temporal evolution of the bloom, and can be updated routinely and used as objective criteria to aid future socioeconomic and scientific studies of K. brevis. These indices can also be used to help managers and decision makers both evaluate the risks along the coast during events and design systems to better respond to and mitigate bloom impacts. Before 1995, sampling was done largely in response to reports of discolored water, fish kills, or respiratory irritation. During this timeframe, lack of sampling during the fall, when blooms typically occur, generally coincided with periods of more frequent-than-usual offshore winds. Consequently, some blooms may have been undetected or under-sampled. As a result, the BSIs before 1995 were likely underestimated and cannot be viewed as accurately as those after 1995. Anomalies in the frequency of onshore wind can also largely account for the discrepancies between BSI and RI during the period from 2006 to 2019. These findings highlighted the importance of onshore wind anomalies when predicting respiratory irritation impacts along beaches.

Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der landesplanerischen Steuerung des Windenergieausbaus

The expansion of onshore wind energy is faltering. The federal states, which can control the expansion through goals and principles in state-wide spatial plans, have a share in this. The study shows that the associated restriction of the freedom to build is subject to the principle of proportionality as a content and limitation provision of property. Based on the system of spatial control of wind energy in the BauGB (Federal Building Code). and ROG (Regional Planning Act), a substance requirement for the use of wind energy in outdoor areas is derived from the privilege in § 35 para. 1 No. 5 BauGB. On the basis of the specifications in state-wide spatial development plans, it is evaluated to what extent protective goods, such as immission control or acceptance, can be used as justification.

Objective factors and policies of countries affecting hydrogen market development

By 2050, blue hydrogen (produced by SMR method using CCS technology to capture CO2) will make up about 18% of hydrogen supply, whilst green hydrogen from solar power will account for 16%, from onshore wind power 16% and offshore wind power 9%. Global hydrogen demand is forecasted to increase to about 150 million tons by 2040 [1]. The article analyses the objective factors (i.e. size and structure of the economy, technological and social barriers) and policies of countries that affect hydrogen market development.

Renewables could aid Egypt's energy hub ambitions

Significance This is partly because of growth in gas supply and gas-fired generating capacity, but also owing to increased renewable energy capacity. Decreasing renewable energy costs, which leave onshore wind and solar photovoltaics now the cheapest forms of electricity generation, as well as concerns over climate change, may push Egypt further towards renewables. Impacts Tender activity for renewables may fall or face delays, owing to the level of surplus capacity. The combination of reduced power demand and growing renewables generation should support increased LNG exports. Guaranteed off-take agreements will remain critical to future investment.