Forest biotechnology: economic aspects and conservation implications

The importance of forest ecosystems for ecological balance and as a reservoir of genetic heritage and biodiversity is evident, the need for conservation is further exalted by the great anthropic pressure suffered by these ecosystems due to the increasing demand of the forest sector. The possibility of using biotechnological practices to combine conservation with sustainable economic development emerges as a promising alternative for the recovery and use of forest species, especially those threatened with extinction. The aims of the article is to demonstrate the main aspects of Forest Biotechnology with regard to conservation and the continuity of the supply of the demand of the economic sector. The central role of wood in economic development has led to the intense exploitation of forest ecosystems, which has resulted in the loss of biodiversity and reduced capacity to meet the demands of the sector. The tools of forest biotechnology, when employed in the optimization of conservation, allow a compatibilization with commercial production, acting as instruments of sustainable development. Forestry Biotechnology acts as an instrument to reconcile conservation with economic development, including forests at the heart of a strategy for a sustainable future.

DETEKSI DAN IDENTIFIKASI Austropuccinia psidii PADA MYRTACEAE DI YOGYAKARTAINDONESIA

Austropuccinia psidii is a pathogenic fungus that causes rust in the Myrtaceae plant. The extensive plantation of the host of this fungus has increased the attack of fungal pathogen, therefore, will increase the threat tothe presence of Myrtaceae species around the globe including in Indonesia. This present study was aiming to detect and identify the presence of this pathogen by morphologicaland molecular observation. Morphological observationrevealed the presence of A. psidii urediniospores onsalam (Syzygium polyanthum) andkayuputih (Melaleuca cajuputi)leaves collected from the arboretum of the Indonesian Center for Forest Biotechnology and Tree Improvement (CFBTI), and the presence of teliospores on young Syzygium leaves. PCR amplification using specific primers of Ppsi1 / Ppsi6 succeeded in detecting the presence of A. psidii fungi Melaleuca and Syzygium showed by DNA amplicon length around 500bp. Efforts to obtain ITS DNA sequences to compare the molecular characteristics of fungi from two different hosts have been carried out, however, the sequencing electropherogram was unreadable, so the comparison can not be performed. This study reported that A. psidii is currently present in Myrtaceae species in Yogyakarta, therefore precaution efforts should be conducted to avoid economic and ecological impact from this pathogen.

Pengaruh asal benih timoho (kleinhovia hospita L.) terhadap pertumbuhan bibit di tingkat persemaian

Timoho (Kleinhovia hospita) wood is one of the raw materials for keris sheath that having high aesthetic and economic values. Due to exploitation of keris raw material that outmatches its planting activities, this type of tree is already hard to find in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, so this research aims to determine the generative propagation techniques carried out in the nursery of Center for Forest Biotechnology and Tree Improvement. Genetic material in the form of seeds in this study came from the parent trees grown in Bulaksumur region and Purwobinangun region, Yogyakarta. The methods that will be used are sampling, seed extraction, seed scarification in hot water for 24 hours, germination using wet tissue as media in petri dish, and planted in polybags. The result showed that viability of seeds from Bulaksumur region was 80% while that from Purwobinangun region was 68%. Observation and measurement of stem length and number of leaves every 2 weeks for 42 daysshowed that the number of timoho seed leaves from Purwobinangun hada higher number of leaves and a longer stem length, which is 19,11 ± 2,66 leaf blade and 11,54 ± 2,77 cm than the number of leaves and stem length from Bulaksumur, which is 0,59 ± 1,07 leaf blade and 7,59 ± 1,17 cm. Based on thisresearch, it was concluded that although the viability of seeds from Bulaksumur was higher, the possibility of inbreeding from it broodstock caused the growth of seeds from Bulaksumur not as good as the growth of seeds from Purwobinangun

Variasi Pertumbuhan dan Estimasi Parameter Genetik Semai Nyawai (Ficus variegata Blume)

Growth variation and genetic parameter estimation of Ficus variegata Blume seedlings were done at The Centre for Forest Biotechnology and Tree Improvement, Yogyakarta at 8 months of age. Genetic materials from Banyuwangi population which comprised of 15 families and Cilacap-Pangandaran population comprised of 19 families. The trial was designed as a Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with family as treatment, 3 replications and each replication comprises 10 seedlings. The purpose of this study was to observe growth variation and genetic parameter of these populations at seedlings level. Analysis of variance was performed to find out family effect on height and diameter traits. Analysis of variance component was used to estimate coefficient of genetic variation, heritability and genetic correlation. This study showed that family effect on height and diameter variation was very significant at both populations. The estimation of coefficient of genetic variation for height and diameter trait ranged from 10.80% (categorized as intermediate) to 18.04% (categorized as high). Family heritability estimation for height trait ranged from 0.96 to 0.99 and diameter trait ranged from 0.89 to 0.96, both categorized as high. Strong genetic correlation for height and diameter trait ranged from 0.87 to 0.89.Keywords: Nyawai, Ficus variegata, growth, genetic parameter, seedling.

Organizational development of the regional research and educational cluster forest biotechnology Voronezh region

It is proved that the current rate of innovation in the forestry sector is extremely low, the volumes produced innovative products does not meet the volume of demand for them, and emerging trends may soon lead to a reduction in the creation of innovative forest biotechnology products and, consequently, to deterioration established forests. In this regard, the article hig-hlighted the need for institutional development of the regional scientific-educational cluster of biotechnology. Proved localization of the cluster in the Voronezh region.

Management techniques create innovative products of forest biotechnology in the country´s forestry

Biotechnology is one of the powerful levers lifting sector. At the same time the need for product innovation in the practice and commercialization should be justified only possibility of achieving objective, which is to the country´s forestry is reforestation. Solve the strategic goal is made possible through the use of innovative technologies, restoration and use of product innova-tions. Innovative products of forest biotechnology in view of the high social significance can not be effectively evaluated using the so-called common (economic) assessment methods.