Reaction rate of n12C radiative capture at temperature from 0.01 to 10 T9

Within the framework of a modified potential cluster model with forbidden states, radiation n12C capture at energies from 10-5 keV to 5 MeV is considered, taking into account a wide resonance at Ex = 8.2 MeV. It is shown that on the basis of potentials that are consistent with the energies of the bound states, it is possible to correctly transfer the available experimental data. Based on the obtained total cross sections, the n12C capture reaction rate was calculated. The results for reaction rate are approximated by simple expressions, which simplifies their use in applied research.

Influence of orthogonalization procedure on astrophysical S-factor for the direct α + d →6Li + γ capture process in a three-body model

The astrophysical S-factor for the direct [Formula: see text] capture reaction is calculated in a three-body model based on the hyperspherical Lagrange-mesh method. A sensitivity of the E1 and E2 astrophysical S-factors to the orthogonalization method of Pauli forbidden states in the three-body system is studied. It is found that the method of orthogonalising pseudopotentials (OPP) yields larger isotriplet ([Formula: see text]) components than the supersymmetric transformation (SUSY) procedure. The E1 astrophysical S-factor shows the same energy dependence in both cases, but strongly different absolute values. At the same time, the E2 S-factor does not depend on the orthogonalization procedure. As a result, the OPP method yields a very good description of the direct data of the LUNA collaboration at low energies, while the SUSY transformation strongly underestimates the LUNA data.

A STUDY OF RED-EMITTING PHOSPHOR OF K2SiF6:Mn4+ FOR WARM WHITE LEDs

This study focuses on the fabrication of red-emitting phosphor based on K2SiF6: Mn4+ phosphor. Characteristic emissive peaks in the red region of the Mn4+ ions involve the energy transfer from spin-forbidden states of 2Eg → 4A2, showing narrow band emission peaks at 609, 614, 631, 635 and 647 nm. Meanwhile, their absorptive peaks involve the energy transfer from spin-allowed states of 4A2 → 4Tg; the excited wavelength of the Mn4+ is in the range 360 - 460 nm. Thus, the K2SiF6: Mn4+ phosphor is particularly suitable for redundancy of 460 nm - Light Emitting Diode (LED); it complements the red emission of the commercial White LEDs.

Forbidden phenotypes and the limits of evolution

Evolution has produced an astonishing array of organisms, but does it have limits and, if so, how are these overcome and how have they changed over the course of time? Here, I review models for describing and explaining existing diversity, and then explore parts of the evolutionary tree that remain empty. In an analysis of 32 forbidden states among eukaryotes, identified in major clades and in the three great habitat realms of water, land and air, I argue that no phenotypic constraint is absolute, that most constraints reflect a limited time–energy budget available to individual organisms, that natural selection is ultimately responsible for both imposing and overcoming constraints, including those normally ascribed to developmental patterns of construction and phylogenetic conservatism, and that increases in adaptive versatility in major clades together with accompanying new ecological opportunities have eliminated many constraints. Phenotypes that were inaccessible during the Early Palaeozoic era have evolved during later periods while very few adaptive states have disappeared. The filling of phenotypic space has proceeded cumulatively in three overlapping phases characterized by diversification at the biochemical, morphological and cultural levels.