Effect of diterpene alkaloids on lipid peroxidation in mitochondria

In this article, the antioxidant activity of some alkaloids lipid peroxidation (LPO) in rat liver mitochondria has been studied. It has been established that diterpenoid alkaloids: 1-О-benzoylnapelline, napelline and songorine have a protective effect on mitochondria, reducing the damaging effect of Fe2+/ascorbate and the release of malondialdehyde (MDA) into the secondary products of peroxidation. The effect of alkaloids napelline, 1-O-benzoylnapelline and songorine on the processes of MDA formation in rat liver mitochondria in vitro has been studied.Where in at 200 мM concentrations, 1-О-benzoylnapelline inhibited the formation of MDA by 95 %, and the alkaloids napelline and songorine at this concentration inhibited the formation of MDA by 54 and 44 %. From the data obtained, it can be shown that 1-О-benzoylnapelline strongly inhibits the formation of MDA compared to songorine and napelline.

Neuronal Modulators from the Coral-Associated Fungi Aspergillus candidus

Three new p-terphenyl derivatives, named 4″-O-methyl-prenylterphenyllin B (1) and phenylcandilide A and B (17 and 18), and three new indole-diterpene alkaloids, asperindoles E–G (22-24), were isolated together with eighteen known analogues from the fungi Aspergillus candidus associated with the South China Sea gorgonian Junceela fragillis. The structures and absolute configurations of the new compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis, and DFT/NMR and TDDFT/ECD calculations. In a primary cultured cortical neuronal network, the compounds 6, 9, 14, 17, 18 and 24 modulated spontaneous Ca2+ oscillations and 4-aminopyridine hyperexcited neuronal activity. A preliminary structure–activity relationship was discussed.

Tangutidines A–C, Three Amphoteric Diterpene Alkaloids from Aconitum tanguticum

Three new diterpene alkaloids, tangutidines A–C (1–3), and four known alkaloids (4–7) were isolated from the whole plant of Aconitum tanguticum, from which amphoteric diterpene alkaloids (1–3) were obtained for the first time. The structures of 1–3 were elucidated by detailed interpretation of spectroscopic data, including MS and NMR data. All of them were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities. Graphic Abstract

KAJIAN LITERATUR DAN KROMATOGRAFI UNTUK HERBA KESUM

<p align="center"><strong>ABSTRAK</strong></p><p> </p><p>Spesis <em>Polygonum</em> (misalnya <em>P. aviculare</em>) dilaporkan mempunyai kandungan alkaloid. Begitu juga dengan daun kesum (<em>P. minus</em> Huds), yang terbukti sebagai sumber molekul perubatan semulajadi. Masalah yang diidentifikasi dari kajian kesum termasuklah di dalam aspek fitokimia genus <em>Polygonum</em> ini, yang belum pernah disiasat secara mendalam. Oleh itu, sasaran kajian ini adalah untuk mengulas data biokimia tumbuhan tersebut melalui metode literatur serta menjalankan telaah analisis kimia terhadap ekstrak kesum. Dari artikel dan jurnal penerbitan, bahagian daun dan akar dipelajari melalui kaedah kromatografi kolom. Tambahan itu, sebatian kimia dari kesum dicirikan dengan teknik spektroskopi resonans magnetik nuklear. Temuan signifikan diperolehi apabila senyawa indol dan alkaloid diterpen C20 berjaya dikarakterisasi. Secara kesimpulannya, projek di masa hadapan boleh ditumpu kepada ujikaji antikanser dan anti-penuaan dari herba kesum ini. </p><p> </p><p><strong>Kata kunci</strong> : herba, kesum, literatur, <em>Polygonum</em></p><p> </p><p align="center"><strong><em>ABSTRACT</em></strong></p><p> </p><p><em>Polygonum species (e.g. P. aviculare) were reported to consist of alkaloidal nature. Likewise, the kesum leaves (P. minus Huds) is </em><em>proven as a source of natural medicinal compound. </em><em>The identified problem in the kesum research would include the phytochemistry </em><em>aspects of this Polygonum </em><em>genus, which is not yet thoroughly investigated</em><em>, via literature search. </em><em>Therefore, the aim of this study is to accumulate </em><em>and review the biochemical data of this herb. </em><em>From the articles and published journals, the leaves and root extracts</em><em> were analysed by using liquid chromatographic </em><em>technique. In addition, the chemical substance from kesum could be elucidated via nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscop</em><em>y. The </em><em>significant findings could be obtained when the indole and and C20-diterpene alkaloids</em><em> were successfully characterised. In summary, future directions of the project </em><em>could </em><em>focus on anticancer</em><em> and anti-aging experiments of this kesum herb. </em></p><p> </p><p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><em> : herb, kesum, literatur</em><em>e, Polygonum </em></p>

Cytotoxicity of New Diterpene Alkaloids, Ceylonamides G-I, Isolated From Indonesian Marine Sponge of Spongia sp.

In the course of the search for cancer cell growth inhibitors, 3 new diterpene alkaloids, designated ceylonamides G-I (1-3), together with ceylonamide F (4) were isolated from an Indonesian marine sponge of Spongia sp. The chemical structures of compounds 1-3 were determined using spectroscopic analysis and compared with those of compound 4. Among the isolated compounds, 1 and 4 inhibited the growth of human prostate cancer DU145 cells in a two-dimensional monolayer culture, with an IC50 of 6.9 and 18.8 µM, respectively. Furthermore, these compounds are also effective on spheroid of three-dimensional cell culture model, which was prepared from DU145 cells. Based on the morphological changes in the spheroids, the minimum effective concentrations of compounds 1 and 4 were 10 and 25 µM, respectively.