STUDY OF VARIOUS RISK FACTORS AND CLINICAL SITE INVOLVEMENT IN MUCORMYCOSIS PATIENT

Mucormycosis occurs commonly in immunsuppresant patients but after covid 19 pandemic there are sudden raise in mucormycosis cases.In this study we are assessing multiple risk & conditions which are probably responsible for mucormycosis epidemic.After getting various risk factors like high blood sugar,oxygen therapy,corticosteroid use we can use this data for better management of covid 19 &reduce risk for getting post covid mucormycosis.

Safety walk-round education to develop risk prediction skills of novice health professional students

Introduction: Students in the early years of medical school should learn clinical site risk assessment skills. However, the effect of this training on clinically inexperienced students is not clear, and it is difficult for students to predict risks from a wide range of perspectives. This study aims to develop and implement three patterns of safety walk rounds (SWR) in a class of students with no clinical experience. Methods: Three types of SWR were conducted: (A) 37 students observed a familiar classroom and predicted safety risks; (B) 39 students created a profile of a fictitious student in advance and then used Type A parameters; (C) 100 students participated. First, Type A was conducted as a practice. Next, students observed a hospital and predicted risks. All participants in Types A to C had no clinical experience. We classified all risks into perception, comprehension, and action. Results: For each safety walk-round, there were two types of risk prediction. In Type A, risks such as perception and comprehension were more than 80%. In Types B and C, action risks were 60%. Students had little experience in observing facilities and none at finding safety risks. Conclusion: Each method had a different risk prediction tendency. Combining the methods could enable students to acquire comprehensive skills in assessing hidden environmental patient safety risks.

Challenges, facilitators and barriers to screening study participants in early disease stages-experience from the MACUSTAR study

Background Recruiting asymptomatic participants with early disease stages into studies is challenging and only little is known about facilitators and barriers to screening and recruitment of study participants. Thus we assessed factors associated with screening rates in the MACUSTAR study, a multi-centre, low-interventional cohort study of early stages of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods Screening rates per clinical site and per week were compiled and applicable recruitment factors were assigned to respective time periods. A generalized linear mixed-effects model including the most relevant recruitment factors identified via in-depth interviews with study personnel was fitted to the screening data. Only participants with intermediate AMD were considered. Results A total of 766 individual screenings within 87 weeks were available for analysis. The mean screening rate was 0.6 ± 0.9 screenings per week among all sites. The participation at investigator teleconferences (relative risk increase 1.466, 95% CI [1.018–2.112]), public holidays (relative risk decrease 0.466, 95% CI [0.367–0.591]) and reaching 80% of the site’s recruitment target (relative risk decrease 0.699, 95% CI [0.367–0.591]) were associated with the number of screenings at an individual site level. Conclusions Careful planning of screening activities is necessary when recruiting early disease stages in multi-centre observational or low-interventional studies. Conducting teleconferences with local investigators can increase screening rates. When planning recruitment, seasonal and saturation effects at clinical site level need to be taken into account. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.govNCT03349801. Registered on 22 November 2017.

Transition to Dolutegravir Is Associated With an Increase in the Rate of Body Mass Index Change in a Cohort of Virally Suppressed Adolescents

Background Antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens that contain dolutegravir (DTG) have been associated with increases in body mass index (BMI) in adults. However, this relationship has not been well described in adolescents. Methods In a retrospective observational cohort of 460 virally suppressed (<200 copies/mL) adolescents living with human immunodeficiency virus at a clinical site in Eswatini, body mass index (BMI) measurements were analyzed between 1 year prior to the transition to DTG and up to 1 year after DTG transition. Random-effects linear spline models were used to describe the rate of change in BMI before and after the transition to DTG. Results In adolescents, BMI increased at a rate of 0.3 kg/m2 per year before DTG transition and increased to a rate of 1.2 kg/m2 per year after DTG transition. Sex of the adolescent modified the relationship between DTG and rate of BMI change: BMI rate of change after DTG transition was increased by 1.1 kg/m2 in females and 0.6 kg/m2 per year in males. Conclusions Transition to DTG in virally suppressed adolescents (aged 10–19 years) is associated with an increase in the rate of BMI change. Female adolescents may experience a larger change than males. Further investigation is required to elucidate the mechanism that underlies these observations and to assess how DTG impacts BMI in adolescents following longer durations of treatment.

Computer Vision in the Surgical Operating Room

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Multiple types of surgical cameras are used in modern surgical practice and provide a rich visual signal that is used by surgeons to visualize the clinical site and make clinical decisions. This signal can also be used by artificial intelligence (AI) methods to provide support in identifying instruments, structures, or activities both in real-time during procedures and postoperatively for analytics and understanding of surgical processes. <b><i>Summary:</i></b> In this paper, we provide a succinct perspective on the use of AI and especially computer vision to power solutions for the surgical operating room (OR). The synergy between data availability and technical advances in computational power and AI methodology has led to rapid developments in the field and promising advances. <b><i>Key Messages:</i></b> With the increasing availability of surgical video sources and the convergence of technologies<b><i></i></b>around video storage, processing, and understanding, we believe clinical solutions and products leveraging vision are going to become an important component of modern surgical capabilities. However, both technical and clinical challenges remain to be overcome to efficiently make use of vision-based approaches into the clinic.