Easy Way To Determine The Feasibility Of Coarse Aggregate On All Pavement Layers Using The Los Angeles Tatonas TA-700 Machine

The use of coarse aggregate with poor quality can cause bumpy roads, cracked roads, potholes, and others. Coarse aggregate wear is an indicator of the aggregate resistance index against friction with other objects. Any aggregate to be used in a pavement mix must meet the wear requirements. Low wear causes the aggregate to be easily crushed when exposed to friction and has an impact on a low level of stability. The purpose of this research is to determine the feasibility of coarse aggregate in Kedak Village, Kediri. One of the feasibility of coarse aggregate is reviewed based on wear with abrasion testing. This research was conducted by using an abrasion test using the Los Angeles TA-700 machine and SNI 2417:2008 as a reference. The specimens were taken at random and met the criteria for passing the number 3/4 sieve and stuck on the 2500 gram sieve number 1/2 and the aggregate that passed the 1/2 sieve was stuck on the 3/8 sieve as much as 2500 grams. The results obtained stated that the average wear of the abrasion test was 26.6%. Based on these results, the aggregate can be said to be feasible because it does not exceed 40% in accordance with the provisions of the 2018 Binamarga General Specifications. So that coarse aggregate from Kedak Village, Kediri can be used for all mixtures of road pavement layers.

Toothbrush Abrasion of Restorations Fabricated with Flowable Resin Composites with Different Viscosities In Vitro

The purpose of this study was to examine toothbrush-induced abrasion of resin composite restorations fabricated with flowable resin composites of different viscosities in vitro. In this study, six types of flowable resin composites with different flowability (Beautifil Flow F02, F02; Beautifil Flow F10, F10; Beautifil Flow Plus F00, P00; Beautifil Flow Plus F03, P03; Beautifil Flow Plus X F00, X00; and Beautifil Flow Plus X F03, X03) were used. For the toothbrush abrasion test, the standard cavity (4 mm in diameter and 2 mm in depth) formed on the ceramic block was filled with each flowable resin composite (n = 10) and brushed for up to 40,000 strokes in a suspension containing commercial toothpaste under the conditions of 500 g load, 60 strokes/min, and 30 mm stroke distance. After every 10,000 strokes, the brushed surface of the specimen was impressed with a silicone rubber material. The amount of toothbrush-induced abrasion observed on each impression of the specimen was measured using a wide-area 3D measurement device (n = 10). The viscosity was determined using a cone-and-plate rotational measurement system. Because of the effect of different shear rates on viscosity and clinical use, the values 1.0 and 2.0 s−1 were adopted as data (n = 6). In this study, the results of the toothbrush abrasion test demonstrated no significant differences in the amount of toothbrush-induced abrasion among flowable resin composites used (p > 0.05). No significant correlation was reported between toothbrush-induced abrasion and viscosities of flowable resin composites.

Assessment of Internal Tubular Coating Using Flow Loop

Assessment of coating performance under flowing condition by using a proprietary flow loop system has been established. The 2 3/8" flow loop was designed to maintain a flow rate of 0.03-0.04 m3/sec, pressure of 3300kPa and temperature of 150°C to simulate actual field condition. Test section consisting of two 35" straight tubes with 45° elbow was internally coated and connected to the flow loop which was run continuously for 14 days with deionized water under the specified test condition. Upon completion, visual inspection, EIS and linear abrasion test were done on the test section to evaluate the coating integrity post exposure. Small blisters were noted at the elbow section potentially due to the improper surface preparation and/or higher fluid velocity at the bend section. Impedance value of 107 Ω/cm2 is a magnitude higher than the acceptance limit of 106 Ω/cm2 while abrasion resistance was found less than the set limit of <100mg/1000 cycles. The flow loop test has been shown to be a reliable tool to evaluate the effect of wall shear stress and fluid erosion on internal tubular coating.

Utilization of bitumen modified with pet bottles as an alternative binder for the production of paving blocks

This study considers the utilization of bitumen modified with polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles waste as an alternative binder in paving blocks. The optimum bitumen content of asphalt concrete was modified with 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10% of PET waste. The compressive strength test, skid resistance, water absorption, and abrasion test were conducted on the paving block samples. Compressive strength test was conducted to verify the samples' compressive strength performance while water absorption and abrasion test were used to ascertain the durability properties of the samples. Results obtained for PET-modified bitumen concrete paving blocks (PMBCB) show an increase in compressive strength, skid resistance, and a decrease in the water absorption and abrasion loss when compared to unmodified bitumen samples. The maximum compressive strength for the PET-modified bitumen concrete was recorded at 10% PET replacement level. This implies that the utilization of PET-modified bitumen as binders in concrete paving blocks will not only help in waste recycling but also contribute significantly to the protection and preservation of the environment.

Eco-Efficient Hybrid Cements: Pozzolanic, Mechanical and Abrasion Properties

One of the most polluting industries is the cement industry and, for this reason, alternative lines of research recommend the use of substitute materials for traditional Portland cement. This study proposes the use of industrial (slag and fly ash) and ceramic wastes for the total or partial replacement of Portland cement in the manufacturing of both alkaline-activated and hybrid cements. To carry out this study and evaluate the behavior of the proposed materials, different mortars were manufactured: Portland cement (CEM I), two alkaline-activated slag systems and six hybrid systems, with an 80–20% waste-to-Portland-cement ratio for all the proposed wastes. An assessment of the pozzolanic activity was carried out for the different materials. The behavior of all the systems regarding mechanical resistance and durability to abrasion was studied. All the proposed materials, especially those with ceramic wastes, showed pozzolanic activity and suitable characteristics for use in the manufacturing of alternative cements. The mortar made of slag activated with waterglass presented the highest mechanical strength and lowest porosity, but the hybrid materials presented competitive results. After being subjected to the Böhme abrasion test, their effectiveness as substitutes for Portland cement is reiterated, some of them improving their durability to wear.

Development of Superhydrophobic Polyester (Polyethylene terephthalate) Fabric for Multiple Applications

This study intended to develop a healthy and environmentally friendly super-hydrophobic PET polyester textile fabric using a specific Fluoro Silane finish (SHF). A novel SHF was prepared and applied on a polyester fabric using a pad-dry-cure method. The finished fabric was evaluated for the degree of hydrophobicity, durability and stain repellence. The finished fabric exhibited static water contact angle greater than 170o and received 90 AATCC (4 ISO) rating that is recognized as super-hydrophobicity and this property was maintained even after a 50,000-cycle abrasion test. FTIR analysis identified the characteristic peaks related to Si-O-Si and C-F asymmetric stretching bands of the finish on the fabric indicating a robust attachment on the fabric. Finished fabric did not show any change in appearance or tactile characteristics of the fabric.