Toothbrush Abrasion of Restorations Fabricated with Flowable Resin Composites with Different Viscosities In Vitro

The purpose of this study was to examine toothbrush-induced abrasion of resin composite restorations fabricated with flowable resin composites of different viscosities in vitro. In this study, six types of flowable resin composites with different flowability (Beautifil Flow F02, F02; Beautifil Flow F10, F10; Beautifil Flow Plus F00, P00; Beautifil Flow Plus F03, P03; Beautifil Flow Plus X F00, X00; and Beautifil Flow Plus X F03, X03) were used. For the toothbrush abrasion test, the standard cavity (4 mm in diameter and 2 mm in depth) formed on the ceramic block was filled with each flowable resin composite (n = 10) and brushed for up to 40,000 strokes in a suspension containing commercial toothpaste under the conditions of 500 g load, 60 strokes/min, and 30 mm stroke distance. After every 10,000 strokes, the brushed surface of the specimen was impressed with a silicone rubber material. The amount of toothbrush-induced abrasion observed on each impression of the specimen was measured using a wide-area 3D measurement device (n = 10). The viscosity was determined using a cone-and-plate rotational measurement system. Because of the effect of different shear rates on viscosity and clinical use, the values 1.0 and 2.0 s−1 were adopted as data (n = 6). In this study, the results of the toothbrush abrasion test demonstrated no significant differences in the amount of toothbrush-induced abrasion among flowable resin composites used (p > 0.05). No significant correlation was reported between toothbrush-induced abrasion and viscosities of flowable resin composites.

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Microleakage at enamel and dentin margins with a bulk fills flowable resin

European Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.4103/1305-7456.126230 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 08 (01) ◽

pp. 001-008 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Nicola Scotti ◽

Allegra Comba ◽

Alberto Gambino ◽

Davide Salvatore Paolino ◽

Mario Alovisi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Methylene Blue ◽

Resin Composite ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Artificial Ageing ◽

Resin Composites ◽

Class V ◽

Dye Penetration ◽

Before And After ◽

Blue Solution

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the marginal sealing ability of a bulk fill flowable resin composite on both enamel and dentin substrates. Materials and Methods: 48 non-carious molars were selected and four Class-V cavities were prepared at the CEJ of each sample. Cavities were filled with Venus Diamond (Heraeus Kulzer); Venus Diamond Flow (Heraeus Kulzer) and Surefil SDR (Dentsply). Samples were divided into two groups: First group samples were immersed in a methylene blue solution for 30 min at 25°C. Second group samples were artificially aged and then treated with methylene blue. Samples were sectioned in the center of the restoration and observed with a 40x stereomicroscope, and the percentage of cavity infiltration was calculated. Results: Results were analyzed statistically by ANOVA (P < 0.05). The amount of infiltration was significantly lower for the enamel substrate compared with dentin (P = 0.0001) and in samples immediately immersed in methylene blue compared with those that were artificially aged (P = 0.011). The interaction between the composite material and the marginal substrate significantly affected dye penetration (P = 0.006). Conclusions: Bulk fill flowable resins provided significantly better marginal seal in dentin, both before and after artificial ageing. Nanohybrid resin composites and bulk fill flowable resins showed similar microleakage values at enamel margins. Bulk fills flowable resins provided significantly better marginal seal in dentin, both before and after artificial ageing. Nanohybrid resin composites and bulk fill flowable resins showed similar microleakage values at enamel margins.

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The effect of a bleaching agent on the pigment removal and the bond strength of bulk-fill resin composites: an in vitro study

Revista de Odontologia da UNESP ◽

10.1590/1807-2577.08818 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 47 (5) ◽

pp. 298-304

Author(s):

Caroline de Farias CHARAMBA ◽

Renally Bezerra Wanderley LIMA ◽

Sônia Saeger MEIRELES ◽

Rosângela Marques DUARTE ◽

Ana Karina Maciel ANDRADE

Keyword(s):

Bond Strength ◽

Color Change ◽

Resin Composite ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Filling Material ◽

Resin Composites ◽

Bleaching Agent ◽

Microtensile Testing ◽

Before And After

Abstract Introduction In order to simplify the technique, reduce the time required for direct adhesive restorations, bulk-fill resin composites have been developed be applied in bulk placement up to 4 mm increments. Objective Evaluating the color change (ΔE) and the microtensile bond strength (μTBS) of bulk fill resin composites (BFRC) to dentin after the immersion in regular beverages and the application of bleaching systems. Method Forty-five human molar teeth were randomly distributed in three groups according to the filling material (n=15): Filtek Bulk Fill, Tetric N Ceram Bulk Fill and Filtek Z100. The restored teeth were immersed in coffee, wine and distilled water (n=5) for 72 hours. The color parameters were measured using a spectrophotometer, having as basis the CIE L*a*b*, before and after tooth staining and application of bleaching processes. Subsequently, the teeth were sectioned to obtain the specimens for the microtensile testing. The ΔE values were analyzed applying the Kruskal-Wallis and the Wilcoxon tests, and the μTBS values were analyzed applying the ANOVA and the Bonferroni tests (p<0.05). Result There were no significant differences in the ∆E values when comparing the BFRCs to the conventional resin composite (CRC) in most of the experimental groups. The ∆E values did not present significant differences before and after the application of bleaching processes for all the tested resin composites. The BFRCs presented higher μTBS values than the CRC after exposure to distilled water, wine and bleaching agent. Conclusion The studied BFRCs presented similar color stability to the CRC. The BFRCs presented higher bond strength to the dentin than the CTC in most of the evaluated conditions. The bleaching agent was not effective in whitening the stained restored teeth.

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Marginal Gap Formation in Approximal “Bulk Fill” Resin Composite Restorations After Artificial Ageing

Operative Dentistry ◽

10.2341/17-068-l ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 43 (2) ◽

pp. 180-189 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

A Peutzfeldt ◽

S Mühlebach ◽

A Lussi ◽

S Flury

Keyword(s):

Tap Water ◽

Resin Composite ◽

Class Ii ◽

Artificial Ageing ◽

Resin Composites ◽

Gap Formation ◽

Marginal Gap ◽

Significance Level ◽

Significant Difference

SUMMARY The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the marginal gap formation of a packable “regular” resin composite (Filtek Supreme XTE [3M ESPE]) and two flowable “bulk fill” resin composites (Filtek Bulk Fill [3M ESPE] and SDR [DENTSPLY DeTrey]) along the approximal margins of Class II restorations. In each of 39 extracted human molars (n=13 per resin composite), mesial and distal Class II cavities were prepared, placing the gingival margins below the cemento-enamel junction. The cavities were restored with the adhesive system OptiBond FL (Kerr) and one of the three resin composites. After restoration, each molar was cut in half in the oro-vestibular direction between the two restorations, resulting in two specimens per molar. Polyvinylsiloxane impressions were taken and “baseline” replicas were produced. The specimens were then divided into two groups: At the beginning of each month over the course of six months' tap water storage (37°C), one specimen per molar was subjected to mechanical toothbrushing, whereas the other was subjected to thermocycling. After artificial ageing, “final” replicas were produced. Baseline and final replicas were examined under the scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the SEM micrographs were used to determine the percentage of marginal gap formation in enamel or dentin. Paramarginal gaps were registered. The percentages of marginal gap formation were statistically analyzed with a nonparametric analysis of variance followed by Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney tests and Wilcoxon signed rank tests, and all p-values were corrected with the Bonferroni-Holm adjustment for multiple testing (significance level: α=0.05). Paramarginal gaps were analyzed descriptively. In enamel, significantly lower marginal gap formation was found for Filtek Supreme XTE compared to Filtek Bulk Fill (p=0.0052) and SDR (p=0.0289), with no significant difference between Filtek Bulk Fill and SDR (p=0.4072). In dentin, significantly lower marginal gap formation was found for SDR compared to Filtek Supreme XTE (p<0.0001) and Filtek Bulk Fill (p=0.0015), with no significant difference between Filtek Supreme XTE and Filtek Bulk Fill (p=0.4919). Marginal gap formation in dentin was significantly lower than in enamel (p<0.0001). The percentage of restorations with paramarginal gaps varied between 0% and 85%, and for all three resin composites the percentages were markedly higher after artificial ageing. The results from this study suggest that in terms of marginal gap formation in enamel, packable resin composites may be superior to flowable “bulk fill” resin composites, while in dentin some flowable “bulk fill” resin composites may be superior to packable ones.

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Bonding States of In Vitro Class 2 Direct Resin Composite Restoration Applied by Various Incremental Techniques

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14206037 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (20) ◽

pp. 6037

Author(s):

Misato Okada ◽

Masahiko Maeno ◽

Yoichiro Nara

Keyword(s):

Cyclic Loading ◽

Resin Composite ◽

Probability Of Failure ◽

Resin Composites ◽

Excellent Performance ◽

Oral Environment ◽

Restoration Method ◽

Weibull Stress ◽

Composite Restoration

Incremental techniques are always required for clinical cases of deep and/or large cavities restored with resin composite materials. The purpose of this study was to examine the bonding states of class 2 direct resin composite restoration applied by various incremental techniques after cyclic loading to simulate the intra-oral environment to define the appropriate technique. Three types of resin composites, namely, bulk-fill (B), flowable (F), and conventional resin composite (C), were applied to standardized class 2 cavities by incremental techniques with single- or bi-resin restoratives. After cyclic loading, the micro-tensile bond strength (μ-TBS) of the dentin cavity floor was measured. The Weibull modulus and Weibull stress values at 10%/90% probability of failure were analyzed. Single-resin incremental restorations with B or F and bi-resin incremental restorations with F + B and F + C demonstrated superior μ-TBS (quantitative ability), bonding reliability, and durability (qualitative ability) compared with the single-resin restoration with C (as control). Furthermore, F + B and F + C restoration yielded an excellent performance compared with the single-resin restorations with B, F, and C. In particular, the F + C restoration, which indicates not only the maximum mean µ-TBS, but also the highest values of the Weibull parameters, may be the optimal restoration method, including the esthetic benefits.

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Adherence of Streptococcus mutans to Nanoceramic and Nanohybrid Resin Composites: An In vitro Study

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International ◽

10.9734/jpri/2020/v32i2530831 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 128-133

Author(s):

Krishnakanth Jaju ◽

Iffat Nasim

Keyword(s):

Streptococcus Mutans ◽

Bacterial Adhesion ◽

Resin Composite ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Bacterial Suspension ◽

Resin Composites ◽

Colony Forming Units ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Test Control

Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) is one of the cariogenic microorganisms. The restorative materials which harbor a biofilm with high number of S. mutans can accelerate the occurrence of dental caries. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the adherence of S. mutans to nanoceramic and nanohybrid resin composites. Fifteen discs of each material (Nanohybrid resin composite, Nanoceramic resin composite) were prepared, polished, and sterilized in a gamma radiation chamber. Specimens were exposed to the S. mutans bacterial suspension (0.5 McFarland) and were incubated for 4 hours. Specimens were rinsed and sonicated in normal saline, 10 μl of the obtained suspension was cultured in a sterile blood agar medium. After 24 hours, the number of colony forming units of S. mutans was counted. A sterility test control was considered for each group of materials. The data was analyzed by Independent t test. The means and standard deviations of the logarithmic counts of the colonies on the surfaces of nanohybrid resin composites and nanoceramic resin composite were equal to 3.2±0.87 and 2.8±0.324 respectively. Ceram X Universal did not show any significant difference in the bacterial adhesion compared to Filtek Z350XT. Both composites showed similar behaviour in terms of S. mutans colonization in a simple biofilm formation model.

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Cytotoxicity of Experimental Resin Composites on Mesenchymal Stem Cells Isolated from Two Oral Sources

Microscopy and Microanalysis ◽

10.1017/s1431927616011624 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 22 (5) ◽

pp. 1018-1033 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Alexandra Roman ◽

Emöke Páll ◽

Mărioara Moldovan ◽

Darian Rusu ◽

Olga Şoriţău ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Resin Composite ◽

Immunocytochemical Staining ◽

Resin Composites ◽

Alamar Blue ◽

Cervical Lesions ◽

Viability Test ◽

High Passage

AbstractResin composite materials that are used to restore tooth cervical lesions associated with gingival recessions can hamper healing after root coverage surgeries. This study evaluates the in vitro cytotoxic effect of five resin composites (two commercial and three experimental) on oral mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and the persistence of stemness properties in high passage MSCs. Sorption and solubility tests were made for all materials. MSCs were isolated from re-entry palatal and periodontal granulation tissues and were characterized and cultured on composite discs. Cytotoxicity of the materials was evaluated by the Alamar Blue viability test, by Paul Karl Horan (PKH) labeling, and by immunocytochemical staining for actin. Water and saliva sorption and solubility data revealed that two of the experimental materials behaved comparable with the marketed resin composites. The Alamar Blue viability test shows that both cell lines grew well on composite discs that seemed to induce no apparent toxic effects. No signs of disruption of cytoskeleton organization was seen. Experimental resin composites can be recommended for further investigation for obtaining approval for use. The standard minimal criteria were fulfilled for high passage MSCs. Palatal tissue regains its regenerative properties in terms of MSC presence in the re-entry area after 6 months of healing.

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Influences of Successive Exposure to Bleaching and Fluoride Preparations on the Surface Hardness and Roughness of the Aged Resin Composite Restoratives

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina56090476 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 56 (9) ◽

pp. 476

Author(s):

Khalid M. Abdelaziz ◽

Shugufta Mir ◽

Shafait Ullah Khateeb ◽

Suheel M. Baba ◽

Saud S. Alshahrani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Resin Composite ◽

Surface Hardness ◽

Resin Composites ◽

Vickers Hardness Number ◽

Fluoride Treatment ◽

Intermittent Exposure ◽

Oral Environment ◽

Topical Fluoride ◽

Aged Composite

Background and Objectives: Surfaces of composite restorations are adversely affected upon bleaching and topical fluoride application. Such a procedure is normally carried out in the presence of restorations already serving in a different oral environment, although previous in vitro studies only considered the freshly-prepared composite specimens for assessment. The current study accordingly aimed to evaluate both the surface hardness and roughness of aged composite restoratives following their successive exposure to bleaching and topical fluoride preparations. Materials and Methods: Disc specimens were prepared from micro-hybrid, nano-filled, flowable and bulk-fill resin composites (groups 1–4, n = 60 each). All specimens were subjected to artificial aging before their intermittent exposure to surface treatment with: none (control), bleach or topical fluoride (subgroups 1–3, n = 20). All surface treatments were interrupted with two periods of 5000 thermal cycles. Specimens’ surfaces were then tested for both surface hardness (Vickers hardness number (VHN), n = 10) and roughness (Ra, n = 10). The collected VHNs and Ras were statistically analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s comparisons at α = 0.05 to confirm the significance of differences between subgroups. Results: None of the tested composites showed differences in surface hardness and roughness between the bleached and the non-treated specimens (p > 0.05), but the bleached flowable composite specimens only were rougher than their control (p < 0.000126). In comparison to the control, fluoride treatment not only reduced the surface hardness of both micro-hybrid (p = 0.000129) and flowable (p = 0.0029) composites, but also increased the surface roughness of all tested composites (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Aged composite restoratives provide minimal surface alterations on successive bleaching and fluoride applications. Flowable resin composite is the most affected by such procedures. Although bleaching seems safe for other types of composites, the successive fluoride application could deteriorate the aged surfaces of the tested resin composites.

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Effect of Remineralizing Agents on Bond Strength of Resin-Composites to Primary Enamel

Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry ◽

10.17796/1053-4625-43.5.5 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 43 (5) ◽

pp. 331-336

Author(s):

Faika Y Abdelmegid ◽

Fouad S Salama ◽

Eman I Abouobaid ◽

Hassan S Halawany ◽

Mohamad K Alhadlaq

Keyword(s):

Bond Strength ◽

Shear Bond Strength ◽

Resin Composite ◽

Resin Composites ◽

Bond Failure ◽

In Vitro Investigation ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Mode Of Failure ◽

Post Hoc

Aim: The purpose of this in vitro investigation was to assess the effect of three remineralizing agents (Voco Remin Pro®, Uncle Harry's remineralization kit, Sunshine remineralization gel) on the shear bond strengths of two resin-composites (Tetric® N-Ceram and Filtek™ Z250 Universal Restorative) to enamel of primary molars. Study design: Ninety-six enamel specimens were prepared and randomly distributed to eight groups according to the control, remineralizing agents, and resin composite used. Shear bond strength was measured at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min and the type of bond failure was recorded. Results: The highest shear bond strength (Mean+SD) in MPa was for Tetric® N-Ceram/control [21.06+1.68] while the lowest was for Filtek™ Z250/Sunshine remineralization gel [11.98+1.46]. Tukey HSD Post Hoc Tests showed significant difference between Tetric® N-Ceram/control and all other groups (p=0.0001) except Filtek™ Z250/control. In addition, there was significant difference between Filtek™ Z250/control and all other groups (p=0.0001) except Tetric® N-Ceram/control and Tetric® N-Ceram/Uncle Harry's remineralization kit. Mode of failure was cohesive (9.38%), adhesive (55.21%), and mixed (35.42%). Conclusions: The three tested remineralizing agents affect shear bond strength of the tested resin-composites to enamel of primary teeth. In general, shear bond strength values were acceptable. Mode of failure was mostly adhesive.

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Toothbrush Abrasion of Resin Composites with Different Filler Concepts

World Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10015-1154 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 184-193 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Hideaki Kyoizumi ◽

Masafumi Kanehira ◽

Werner J Finger ◽

Yasuyuki Araki ◽

Toshimitsu Suzuki

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Calcium Carbonate ◽

Resin Composite ◽

Resin Composites ◽

Commercial Resin ◽

Linear Relationships ◽

Number Of Cycles ◽

Post Hoc ◽

Glass Fillers ◽

Toothbrush Abrasion

ABSTRACT Purpose To investigate the effect of tooth brushing wear with and without calcium carbonate slurry on four commercial resin composites based on different filler concepts. Materials and methods One nanofiller composite MI FIL (MFI, GC), one conventional hybrid type Venus (VEN) and two nanohybrid composites Venus Diamond (VED) and Venus Pearl (VEP) all from Heraeus Kulzer were examined. Forty beam-shaped specimens (12 × 3 × 3 mm) from each product were prepared and subdivided in two equal groups for pregrinding on SiC paper #600 and #4000 respectively. Ten specimens of each pre-ground group were subjected to toothbrush abrasion with calcium carbonate slurry, and 10 to toothbrushing with water only. The samples were submitted to five subsequent runs of 10,000 brushing strokes. Depth of wear and surface roughness (Ra) were measured with a profilometer after each 10 k strokes. Specimens after 50 k strokes were assessed by SEM. Additionally, the KHN (0.25 N/15 s) and the degree of conversion (DC) were determined. Data analysis was done by linear regression and ANOVA followed by Tukey's post-hoc test (p ≤ 0.05). Results Toothbrushing with abrasive slurry produced significantly different wear depths: VEN > MIF > VEP > VED. Linear relationships between depth of wear and number of cycles (r2 ≥ 0.94) were established for each material. Pregrinding with SiC #4000 resulted in less wear than pregrinding with #600. Ra figures were much higher for VED than for the other materials tested. MIF and VEN were uniformly abraded, whereas the largest glass fillers in VED protruded from the surroundings and the prepolymer particles in VEP were deeper abraded than the bulk of the material. Toothbrushing with water only revealed not measurable wear. Roughness Ra was practically unchanged when compared with the preground samples before challenging with toothbrushes. Ranking by KHN was: MIF < VEN, VEP < VED, by DC: MIF < VEN < VEP < VED. Conclusion Filler concepts and monomer compositions affect wear and roughness of resin composites when tooth brushed with abrasive slurry. Toothbrushing without abrasive medium produced neither wear nor roughness. Careful polishing of resin composite restorations is an important determinant of wear and surface roughness. How to cite this article Suzuki T, Kyoizumi H, Araki Y, Finger WJ, Kanehira M. Toothbrush Abrasion of Resin Composites with Different Filler Concepts. World J Dent 2012;3(2):184-193.

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Monomer Elution from Three Resin Composites at Two Different Time Interval Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography—An In-Vitro Study

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13244395 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (24) ◽

pp. 4395

Author(s):

Krishnamachari Janani ◽

Kavalipurapu Venkata Teja ◽

Raghu Sandhya ◽

Mohammad Khursheed Alam ◽

Ruba K. Al-Qaisi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽

Liquid Chromatography ◽

Clinical Practice ◽

High Performance ◽

Resin Composite ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Triethylene Glycol ◽

Time Interval ◽

Resin Composites

Esthetics, improved colour stability and ease of contour have made photo-activated resin based restorative materials being widely used in routine dental clinical practice. Perhaps improper and inadequate polymerization of resin based composite material might lead to elution of monomer. Thus, the aim of the current study was to quantify the monomer elution from three resin composites. The intended analysis was made using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) at two different time periods. Three different materials that were investigated in the current study included Swiss Tech resin composite (Group A), Ceram X (Group B) and Beautifil Injectable composite (Group C). Ten cylindrical samples were fabricated in each study group. In 75% wt of ethanol, the samples were ingressed immediately and stored at room temperature. A 0.5 mL of the samples was assessed at pre-defined time intervals at 24 h and 7th day. Later, assessment of the samples was performed with HPLC and the data was analyzed using statistical test. Bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate (Bis-GMA), Triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and Urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) were quantified in the samples. When analyzing the release monomer, it was found that at the end of 24 h Bis-GMA was eluted more in the injectable resin composite whereas, TEGDMA was eluted from Swiss Tech and Ceram X resin composites. At the end of the 7th day it was evident that Bis-GMA was eluted maximum in all the three resin composites. Thus, monomer release was found to be evident among all three resin composites and it is of utmost important to be assessed in routine clinical practice.

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